· dual lateral log tool-memory (dlt-m) array induction tool-memory (ait-m) surface system ... mcb...

ComboLog-Memory

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ComboLog-Memory

General Specifications

Max Temperature 350°F (175°C)Max Pressure 20000 psi (137.9 MPa)Tension 68000 lbOD 92 mmMaximum logging speed 18 m/minData storage capacity 8 G bytes

DOWNHOLE TOOLS Pipe Adapter (for 3-1/2’ and 5’ drillpipe)Battery Power Sub (BPS)Casing Collar Locator (CCL)Memory/ Spectralog /Orientation Tool (MSO)Four Arms Centralizer Sub (FCS)Acoustic Tool-Memory (ACT-M)Hexapod Arms Caliper- Memory (HAC-M)Compensated Neutron Tool-Memory (CNT-M)Litho-Density Logging Tool-Memory (ZDT-M)Dual Lateral log Tool-Memory (DLT-M)Array Induction Tool-Memory (AIT-M)

SURFACE SYSTEMMemory Control Box (MCB) Laptop with PIDAS Software (with softdog)Data Acquisition Panel-Memory (DAP-M)

ApplicationsReservoir delineationHydrocarbon saturation determination and imagingMovable hydrocarbon determinationLocation of porous and permeable zonesGas detectionLithology determinationWell-to-well correlationThin-bed analysis

BenefitsLess rathole needed for the shorter length, lowering drilling time and costMore reliable performance for reduced downtime, which saves rig timeBetter quality logs, more data and higher resolution, revealing hard-to-find pay zonesFifty percent reduction in time spent on location, significantly lowering operating costsShort-radius wells readily logged

FeaturesOverall length greatly reduced through the use of integrated sensors and reengineeringSpeed correctionIntegrated Rxo measurementDepth matching and borehole correction

ComboLog is more cost effective to run because it requires significantly less rig time. The ComboLog system is less than half as long as conventional tools and weighs about half as much, yet it gives you better, quicker and more accurate answers—both in memory and real time. When ComboLog works in memory mode,It can provide wireline-quality openhole logs without wireline. The tool string is powered by a battery sub, and data are stored in nonvolatile memory chips housed in a memory sub. Log values are recorded in time-base and converted to depth logs when the string is recovered at the surface. Using drill pipe conveyance methods, ComboLog enables fast and efficient logging in highly deviated wells and in horizontal wells with challenging hole conditions.

Introduction


ComboLog-Memory


BPS

SWS

CCL

TTR

MSO FCS ACT-M HAC-M ZDT-M DLT-MCNT-M AIT-M

Pipe Adapter

For 3-1/2’drillpipe

For 5’drillpipe

The DAP-M (Data Acquisition Panel-Memory) is designed to be a standalone acquisition panel that provides field maintenance personnel with a means of functionally testing and troubleshooting the ComboLog used in field operations. The DAP-M can acquire and process data from the various ComboLog in time. It connects to a laptop running test software, it can be used with the ComboLog in wireline mode.

Data Acquisition Panel-Memory (DAP-M)

IntroductionApplicationsTest the ComboLog in shopPerform the shop calibrationReal-time data acquisition and control

PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS and WEIGHTSHeight 8.75 in. (22.23 cm)Depth 25.2 in. (64 cm)Width 19 in. (48.26 cm)Weight 40 lbs. (18.14 kg)ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICSOperating Temperature 32°F to 131°F (0°C to 55°C)Storage Temperature -58°F to 149°F (-50°C to 65°C)

POWERMaximum AC Power 240VacMinimum AC Power 100 Vac

Specifications


The MCB is designed to operate as:1. A battery condition tester2. A universal interface box for programming and downloading data from MSO.The box interfaces laptop running Windows XP (or upper) with ComboLog tools.The MCB contains an auto battery depassivator that, on connection to the MCB, detects when a battery is unable to supply enough power and switches in the depassivating circuit. When the battery has finished depassivating, the depassivating circuit automatically switches off.On the front of the unit there is a LCD display where you can monitor tool power. Tool power can also be monitored on the PC screen when the tool is running in monitor mode.

IntroductionApplications

Memory Control Box (MCB)

Portable and easily moved between PC’sLogging battery status and conditioningToolstring power monitoringBattery depassivator indicatorBattery voltage OK/LOW indicatorTool power & PC control indicatorsProgram the MSO and downloading data from MSO

Ethernet Cable

Mains Supply

Memory/Spectralog/Orientation Tool(MSO) Tool String

Battery Power Sub(BPS)

UPS

Memory Control Box(MCB)

Memory Interface Lead

Power Lead

Plotter

Laptop

HookloadSensor

StandpipePressureTransducer

DepthRecorder

MCB TYPICAL CONFIGURATION


Swivel Sub (SWS)

Introduction

Specifications

Maximum Temperature 400°F (204°C) Maximum Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Make-up length 3 ft-4.0 in. (1.02 m)Shipping length 4 ft-3.0 in. (1.30 m)Make-up Weight 41 lbs (18.6 kg)Shipping Weight 50 lbs (22.7 kg)Number of Conductors 10Diameter 3-3/8 in. (85.9 mm)Maximum Safe Working Load 29,000 lbs. (13,154 kg)Maximum Fishing Tensile Strength 65,000 lbs. (29,484 kg)


The SWS Swivel Assembly allows different portions of the tool string to rotate independently. It allows unrestricted 360° rotation by means of an internal slip-ring assembly. A swivel isolates an tool from the normal torque induced as the spiral-wound wireline is lowered into and pulled out of the well. This torque causes the tool string to rotate slowly — typically one or two rotations per 100 ft. (30 m) of depth for a seasoned line. Typically, this rotation does not cause any problems.

ApplicationsDifferent portions of the tool string to rotate independently

Unrestricted 360° rotation by means of an internal slip-ring assembly

The Battery Power Sub (BPS) contains up to four battery packs inside. When ComboLog is fitted with a BPS, the working time is more than 50 hours.

Battery Power Sub (BPS)

Introduction

SpecificationsMaximum Temperature 350°F (175°C)Maximum Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Tool Diameter 3.625 in. (92 mm)Make-up Length 2 mShipping Length 2.3 mWeight 50 kgOpen Circuit Voltage 36 VdcCapacity 26 A*h @ 500 mABattery Pack Type Lithium ChlorideMaximum Tensile Force 20,000 lbsMaximum Compressive Force 78,000 lbs

ApplicationsProvide the ComboLog power


Casing Collar Locator (CCL)

The CCL tool measurement is based upon the principle that a changing magnetic flux within the instruments sensor coil generates a voltage across the terminals of that sensor coil. The magnetic field of a CCL magnet is affected by any magnetically sensitive material close to it, such as the casing in a borehole. A collar or joint in the casing changes the magnetic flux field including the flux passing through the sensor coil ends adjacent to the magnets, causing an electric voltage to be generated.

Introduction

Specifications

SpecificationsMax Operating Temp 350°F (175°C) for 10 hoursMax Press 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Min Operating Temp 32°F (0°C)Max OD 3-3/8 in. (86 mm)Makeup Length 27.56 in. (0.7 m)Ship Length 44.09 in. (1.12 m)Weight 35.1 lbs. (15.9 kg)Ship Weight 44.1 lbs. (20 kg)Principle Magnetic Flux ChangeRadial Resolution 360°

ApplicationsDepth Measurement


Temperature/Tension/Mud Resistivity (TTR)

The TTR is a 92 mm diameter high strength forge gauge sensor sub containing three types of transducers for measurement of cablehead tension/ compression force, borehole temperature, and mud resistivity.The sub is optional and does not contain any electronics. It is supported by the MSO, which contains the electronics portion of the TTR.

Introduction

Specifications

Maximum Temperature 350°F (175°C)Maximum Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa) (1406 kg/cm2)Minimum Hole Diameter 4.50 in. (114.5 mm)Tool Diameter 3.625 in. (92 mm)Make-up Length 43.80 in. (1.11 m)Shipping Length 6 0.00 in. (1.52 m)Weight 80.0 lb (36.29 kg)Maximum Logging Speed 100 ft/min (30 m/min)Measurement RangeCablehead Tension 0 to 12,000 lbs Tension 0 to 10,000 lbs CompressionBorehole Temperature 32°F to 446°F (0°C to 230°C)Mud Resistivity 0.01 ohmm to 10 ohmmAbsolute AccuracyCablehead Tension ± 800 lbs Tension ± 5% ± 800 lbs Compression ± 5%Differential Cablehead Tension ± 100 lbs Tension ±100 lbs CompressionBorehole Temperature ± 4°F ± 5% (2°C ± 5%)Mud Resistivity 0.01 ohmm ± 5%Repeatability:Cablehead tension ± 100 lbs Tension ± 100 lbs CompressionBorehole Temperature ± 2°CMud Resistivity ± 0.01 ohmmMaximum Tensile Force 37,000 lbMaximum Compressive Force 174,000 lb

ApplicationsBorehole temperature measurement.Mud resistivity measurement.Tension and compression forces measurement.


ApplicationsData storage and controlLithology identificationDetermination of clay type and clay contentMeasuring bed thicknessLocating uranium by-product buildup in a cased wellIdentifying potential fracture zonesBorehole orientation

This tool is the memory and control center. Its main function is to collect logging data and store these data in nonvolatile memory chips. It can also control the tool string how to work. It also provides spectralog and orientation measurement.The ComboLog obtains power from BPS and communicates with MSO through the tool bus. MSO also provides monitoring function of pressure sensor. When the specific pressure signal is detected , MSO supply or cut off power to the tool string.

Memory/Spectralog/Orientation Tool (MSO)

Introduction


Memory/Spectralog/Orientation Tool (MSO)

SpecificationsMax Temperature 350°F (175°C)Max Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Minimum Hole Diameter 4.75 in. (120.7 mm)Tool Diameter 3.625 in. (92 mm) Make-up Length 9 ft.- 0.27 in. (2.75 m)Shipping Length 10 ft-5.76 in.(3.19 m)Weight 132.3 lbs (60 kg)Data Storage Capacity 4 G bytesTool Housing Material Titanium AlloyMaximum Tensile Force 38,000 lbs (17,237 kg)Maximum Compressive Force 78,000 lbs (35,381kg)Maximum Logging Speed 30 ft/mim (9 m/min)SpectralogMeasuring Range 0.04 to 3.5 MeVTypical Oil Well Potassium, 0 to 20%K, U, Th concentrations Uranium, 0 to 300 ppm Thorium, 0 to 300 ppmMaximum Measureable Gamma Ray 2500 API Quantity Potassium 100 percent Uranium 250 ppm Thorium 700 ppmAccuracy GR:±3% of measured value K, U, & Th:±4% of measured value Precision for standard shale At 10 ft/min (3 m/min) GR:100 ± 1.5 API K:2 ± 0.15 percent U:6 ± 0.51 ppm Th:12 ± 1.03 ppm At 30 ft/min (9 m/min) GR:100 ± 2.6 API K:2 ± 0.26 percent U:6 ± 0.88 ppm Th:12 ± 1.78 ppmGamma Ray Energy Range 0.06 to 3.5 MeVNumber of Energy Channels 256OrientationSensor Accuracy Azimuth ± 1.5 degreesDeviation ± 0.25 degreesDrift Azimuth Deviation range 9o to 90o DAZ ± 1.5 degrees Deviation range 5o to 9o DAZ ± 6.0 degrees Deviation range 1o to 5o DAZ ± 10.0 degrees


Four Arms Centralizer Sub (FCS)

Specifications

SpecificationsMax Operating Temp 400°F (204°C), for 1.5 hours Max Press 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Minimum Hole Diameter 4.50 in. (114.5 mm)Maximum Hole Diameter 16.0 in. (406.4 mm)Tool Diameter 3.38 in. (85.9 mm)Make-up Length 4 ft - 1.4 in. (1.25 m)Shipping Length 5 ft - 6.3 in. (1.68 m)Weight 83 lbs (37.65 kg)

The FCS Centralizer is a 3.38" O.D., inline centralizer . The device is optional, but is intended to be run in conjunction with GTS tools which require centralization in the borehole.

IntroductionApplicationsCentralize the downhole tools


ApplicationsFormation porosity from compressional slownessSonic waveforms for fracture identificationCBL and VDL for cased hole cement evaluation

The ACT-M 4-channel Acoustic Electronics is responsible for the data acquisition, downhole analysis, and telemetry interface and is measurement of compressional△t. This tool was developed to provide high quality compressional △t measurement with minimal operations investment in a relatively small physical tool package.

Acoustic Tool-Memory (ACT-M)

Introduction

Max Temperature 350°F (175°C)Max Pressure 20000 psi (137.9 MPa)Minimum Hole Size 4.50 in. (114 mm)Tool Diameter 3.625 in. (92 mm) max.Make-up Length 13 ft-10.74 in. (4.24 m)Weight 240 lbs. (109 kg)Logging Speed 60 ft/min (18 m/min) max.Absolute Accuracy +/- 0.5 microsecondsRepeatability +/- 1%Vertical Resolution 0.5 ft (15.24 cm) Basic measurementTensile Strength 17,000 lbsCompressional Strength 4,000 lbsTransducer Type Receiver(s) Type Piezoelectric (monopole)Bandwidth Wideband (1-25 kHz)Number 4Spacing 6.0 in. (152 mm)Offset 3.0 ft (0.914 m) min. 6.5 ft (1.98 m) max.Transmitter(s) Type Piezoelectric (monopole)Bandwidth Broadband (2-18 kHz)Number 2Spacing 2 ft (0.6 m)

Specifications


ApplicationsLogging in either direction, downor up

No wires exposed to the boreholemud

Spring powered

HAC-I is spring powered with 12 magnetic sensors (6 calipers),logging in either direction (up or down), no motor required.

Hexapod Arms Caliper-Induction(HAC-I)

Introduction

Specifications

Max Temperature 350°F (175°C)Max Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Tool Diameter 3.625 in. (92 mm)Wireline Requirement 7 conductorWeight 115 lb (52.2 kg)Make-up Length 7 ft 7 in. (2.31 m)Shipping Length 8 ft 9 in. (2.67 m)Minimum Hole Diameter 5.5 in. (140 mm)Maximum Hole Diameter 26 in. (660.4 mm)Power Requirements: 36 Vdc,75 maSensor Type: Magnetic ResistanceSampling Rate: 12 samples/ft maxMax RIH: 300 ft/min (91.4 m/min)Max POOH: 300 ft/min (91.4 m/min)Sensitivity: 0.05 in (1.27 mm)Accuracy: 0.1 in (2.5 mm)Stability: 0.1 in (2.5 mm)Vertical Resolution (90%): 1 in (25 mm) or more, depending on diameter and rate of diameter change Zero Point: 33.5 in (.085 m) from bottom subMeasure Point: Radius 1 to Radius 6: 33.5 in (0.85 m) from bottom sub


pers),.

Compensated Neutron Tool-Memory (CNT-M)

The CNT-M measures the hydrogen index of downhole formations. The measurements are converted to porosity values, which in combination with density tool measurements provide an indication of lithology and gas in zones of interest. The CNT-M contains a radioactive source that bombards the formation with fast neutrons. The neutrons are slowed, primarily by hydrogen atoms in the formation. Detectors count the slowed neutrons deflected back to the tool. Because the CNT-M responds primarily to the hydrogen content of the formation, the measurements are scaled in porosity units. The CNT-M uses two thermal detectors to produce a borehole-compensated thermal neutron measurement.

Introduction

Specifications

Maximum Temperature 350°F (175°C)Maximum Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Diameter 3.625 in. (92 mm)Minimum Hole Diameter 4.75 in. (120.6 mm)Maximum Hole Diameter 24 in. (609.6 mm)Make-up Length 7 ft.-7.0 in. (2.31 m)Shipping Length 8 ft-9.25 in. (2.67 m)Weight 150 lb (68.0 kg)Maximum Logging Speed 30 ft/min (9.0 m/min)Typical Logging Speed 18 ft/min (6.0 m/min)Principle Neutron—Thermal neutronMeasuring Range. -3 to 100 Limestone Porosity Units (p.u.)Accuracy ± 0.5 p.u. below 7 p.u. porosity ± 7% of recorded value above 7 p.u. porosityRepeatability ± 1.5 p.u. @ 15% Limestone porosityDepth of Investigation 12 in. (304.8 mm)Vertical Resolution 28 in. (711.2 mm)Tension 122,000 lbsCompression 78,000 lbsSensor Type Two He-3 proportional countersSource Type Am 241-BeSource Strength 18 Curies – 4.5 Mev Neutrons

ApplicationsIndicate formation porosity in open or cased boreholes.

Dividing reservoir.

Distinguish gas reservoir.


Litho-Density Logging Tool-Memory (ZDT-M)

The ZDT-M provides measurements of formation density, formation photoelectric factor, and borehole diameter. The density data are used to calculate porosity and determine the lithology. The combination of density and CNT-M data is used to indicate the presence of gas.The maximum diameter of the ZDT-M is 96 mm, so it can adapt 4.5 in. holes. It has a pad with a gamma ray source and two detectors. Magnetics shielding and high-speed electronics ensure excellent measurement stability. The ZDT-M records the full-pulse-height gamma ray spectra from both detectors and processes them into windows. Bulk density and photoelectric factor are derived conventionally from the windows counts with enhanced quality control.

Introduction

Specifications

ApplicationsPorosity determinationLithology analysis and identification of mineralsGas detectionHydrocarbon density determinationShaly sand interpretationRock mechanical properties calculations

Maximum Temperature 350°F (175°C)Maximum Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Max OD 3.78 in. (96 mm)Minimum Hole Diameter 4.5 in. (114.3 mm)Maximum Hole Diameter 17.5 in. (444.5 mm)Make-up Length 160.43 in. (4.1 m)Shipping Length 178.85 in. (4.5 m)Weight 335 lbs (152 kg)Maximum Logging Speed 30 ft/min (9 m/min)Caliper 4.5 in.--17 in.Measuring Range 1.3-3.0 g/ccRepeatability Den : ±0.015 gm/cc (form 2 to 3 gm/cc) Pe: ±2 B/e(absence of mudcake)Absolute Accuracy Den ±0.025 gm/cc (2.0 to 3.0 gm/cc) Pe±0.2 B/e（1.3 to 6.0 B/e） Caliper±0.30 in.(7.6 mm) from 4.5 to 17 in.Depth of Investigation 8.0 in. (20.3 cm)Vertical Resolution 19.0 in. (48.3 cm）Sensor Type Two NaI(TI) scintillatorsSource Type Cs 137Strength 2.5 CuriesH2S Qualified YesMaximum Tensile Load 49,000 lbs (22,272 kg) with pad retractedMaximum Compression Load 44,500 lbs (20,235 kg)


Dual Laterolog Tool – Memory (DLT-M)

The DLT-M tool measures formation resistivity and is designed primarily for use in boreholes filled with highly conductive drilling fluids. DLT-M provides two resistivity measurements: a Shallow reading to investigate the formation near the borehole and a Deep reading to measure farther out where the formation is less disturbed by drilling fluids. These two readings are used to estimate the amount of hydrocarbon in a formation and the ease of recovering that hydrocarbon.

Introduction

Specifications

Max Temperature 350°F (175°C)Max Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Detector or Sensor Type Electrode Array (Mandrel)Diameter 3.625 in (92 mm)Minimum Hole Diameter 5.5 in (139.7 mm)Maximum Hole Diameter 24 in (576 mm)Make-up Length 17 ft - 9.16 in (5.41 m)(Electronics & Mandrel only) WeightElectronics 102 lb (46.26kg)Mandrel 165 lb (74.83kg)Maximum Tensile Force 48,000 lb (22,1778.6 kg)Maximum Compressive Force 7,400 lb (3,357.5 kg)Maximum Logging Speed 60 ft/min (18.3 m/min)�� Mud Type/Range Water based mud，�� !��#��$�� '�� Greater of ±5% OR ±0.025 mmhoStability (at Max. Temp.) ±5%Vertical Resolution 2 ft (.61 m)Radius of Investigation Deep Standard Return Mode (SrtnDp) 55 in (1.397 m) Shallow Mode 31 in (0.787 m)Measure Point 6 ft - 0 in (1.83 m) above matching point of black block of DLT-C Mandrel.Power Requirements 180 VacWireline Requirements 7 Conductor

ApplicationsRt determination in conductive mud.Evaluate the water saturation.


ApplicationsReservoir delineationDetermination of RtDetermination of SwHydrocarbon identification and imagingDetermination of movable hydrocarbonsInvasion profilingThin-bed analysis

Array Induction Tool-Memory (AIT-M)

Specifications

AIT-M (Array Induction Tool-Memory) uses multi-spacing and multi-frequency measurements to acquire a complete set of data from the formations surrounding the borehole.AIT-M allows us to characterize invasion profiles, even in oil-based muds.

Introduction

Maximum Temperature 350°F (175°C)Maximum Pressure 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)Make-up Length 19 ft-0.58 in. (5.81 m)Shipping Length 19 ft-11.39 in. (6.08 m)Weight 394.6 lbs (179 kg)Tool Diameter 3.625 in. (92 mm)Minimum Hole Diameter 4.5 in. (114.3 mm)Maximum Hole Diameter 20.0 in. (508 mm)Logging speed(s) Recommended 30 ft/min Maximum 60 ft/min@4 samples per ft 100 ft/min@2 samples per ft Focused Conductivities Apparent Vertical Resolution 1 ,2 , 4 ftDepth(s) of Investigation 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 in.

Measurement Range 0.1 to 2,000 ohm-m Measurement Accuracy (Homogenous formation)60, 90, 120 in. depth of investigation ±1 mS/m, ±2% of reading30 in. depth of investigation ±2 mS/m, ±2% of reading20 in. depth of investigation ±4 mS/m, ±2% of reading10 in. depth of investigation ±10 mS/m, ±2% of readingSample Rate(s) 4 samples per ft (Recommended) 2 samples per ft (High speed) Power RequirementsOperating Voltage & Current 180 Vac, <160 mATensile Strength 50,000 lbf.(22686.8 kgf)Compressive Strength 6500 lbf. (in 14-in. hole) (2,949.3 kgf.) 7600 lbf. (in 12 1/4-in. hole) (3,448.4 kgf.) 12800 lbf. (in 8-in. hole)( 5,807.8 kgf.)Sensors 7 Balanced 3-coil arrays, spacings 6-94 in.Telemetry Standard GTS Modes Command Mode 2 Tool Status Mode 2 Data Mappable: Modes 5 or 7 Calibration Environment 10 ft off ground 30 ft from metallic materials


Chief Operating Officer Wan HuiMobile:(+86) 13811697302 Tel :(+86) 010-89765689-807Email: [email protected] China Sales Supervisor Ding Litao Mobile:(+86) 13718369420 Email: dinglt@renhesun. com

China Sales ManagerDing Litao Mobile:(+86) 13718369420Email: [email protected]

Middle East Area ManagerWang Yuwen Mobile:(+86) 18910290806Email: [email protected]

International Sales Manager Sharry Liu Mobile:(+86) 13911317865 Email: [email protected]

International Sales Director Chen Gang Mobile:(+86) 13817367599 Email: chengang@renhesun. com

Middle East Operation Manager Zhen Shunli Mobile:(+86) 13683631587Email: [email protected]

China

Add: No. 1, Hua Chang Road, Science & Technology Park, Changping District, BeijingTel: (+86) 010-89765689-818 Zip:102200

Middle East

Russia

Add: No. 64, Novaya Street, Karmaskaly Town, Karmaskaly, Republic of Bashkortostan Tel: (+7) 347-2751768 Zip:453020

South America

Add: University Avenue, between Traposos and Chorro streets, Centro Empresarial Building, tenth floor, Office number 10-C, Caracas. Tel: (+58) 04143200710

friendly cooperation

Marketing Manager Zhang Xujie Mobile:(+86) 13521254100Email: [email protected]

Product Manager Zhang Hong`ai Mobile:(+86) 18911632096Email: [email protected]

Russian Operation Manager Guo Feng Mobile:(+86) 13811796429 (+7) 917-3697194Email: guofeng@renhesun. com

Russian Technical Manager Chen Hua Mobile:(+86) 13811209770 (+7) 917-7358296Email: chenhua@renhesun. com

South America Technical Manager Gao Lijun Mobile:(+86) 15110265323 (+58) 4126944385Email: [email protected]

· dual lateral log tool-memory (dlt-m) array induction tool-memory (ait-m) surface system ... mcb...

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