DTN Systems

Dr. Artemios G. Voyiatzis Associate Researcher, ISI/RC “Athena”

SPICE Visiting Researcher (5/2012)

Brief intro

•  “Athena” Research Center in ICT and Knowledge Technologies •  Industrial Systems Institute •  Institute for Language and Speech Processing •  Institute of Information Systems •  Hellenic Technology Clusters Initiative (“Corallia”) •  Space Programmes Unit •  Information Modelling and Analysis Unit

•  Industrial Systems Institute (Patras, 1998) •  Department of Security and Protection of Systems, Networks,

and Infrastructures (2011) •  Emphasis on systems research

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Outline

•  Applications of DTN •  Remote areas •  Low-cost sea communications •  Smart networking

•  DTN R&D at ISI/RC “Athena” •  Project DISCOS •  Project DAPHNE •  Project DYNACARGO

•  Ready for prime time?

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Beyond space applications of DTN

•  Common ground with opportunistic wireless networks •  Stochastic nature of disconnections vs. scheduled connectivity

•  Major categories •  Remote areas lacking network infrastructure

•  DakNet, KioskNet, SNC, N4C, ExtremeComm •  ZebraNet, (frozen) lake monitoring, LUSTER (forests), mines •  Agriculture applications (sensors, UAV, tractors, etc.) •  Health posts, tele-consultation, sentinel surveillance

•  Low-cost alternative to sat-based communications in sea •  Port communications (Hong Kong) •  Underwater (acoustic), mixed •  Tactical operations (comb. satellites)

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Smart networking

•  Urban environment: •  Environment Monitoring in Metro Areas (air pollution) •  City traffic and planning (CarTel) •  Cave monitoring (Slovenia)

•  Testbeds •  DieselNet, BikeNet, Air carries, TrainNet

•  Information and Content Sharing on the go •  Drive-thru Internet, media sharing, social media •  Smart caching, Land Mobile Satellites, User-provided networks •  NetSticher

•  Health monitoring •  DAPHNE, Marathon runners, non-hospitalized subjects

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Infrastructure-less networks

•  Emergency relief networks •  Beyond IP convergence layers

•  DTN and Wireless Sensor Networks •  Trade mobility for low-power: BEMS, Bundle Elevator

•  Vehicular Area Networks •  (Mostly) research on routing

•  Human networks •  Social connectivity

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DISCOS

•  Distributed Information Storage and Communication in Outer Space •  Security for delay-tolerant networking •  Contract by ESA (HAI, DUTH, ISI), aim TRL3 and TRL5

•  Main ISI contributions: •  Security gap analysis (DTN2 ! DISCOS) •  Attack surface minimization

•  Reduce 8x executable size, •  Now comparable with space-oriented ION (2.6 vs. 1.6 MB)

•  Bundle Security Protocol for DTN2 •  True per-link keys (before: global keys for whole network) •  Defend against impersonation attacks •  Support per-host keys for cryptography (before: cleartext)

•  Storage quota mechanism •  Bundle flooding protection mechanism

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DISCOS

•  Testing and verification •  In ISI (software) and HAI (real devices)

Wiresharkmonitoring node 802.11b/g/n radio

DISCOSRouter

DTN2/ION/DISCOS PCs

1 U

Fit PC slim

ION/DISCOS routerDISCOS/ION ION/DISCOS router

DTN Relay

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DAPHNE

•  Disruption-tolerant Application Proxy for e-Health Network Environments •  Joint work with FORTH/ICS

•  Smart transport of health-related data •  Current network state and future connectivity opportunities •  In-transit persistent storage •  Liberate e-Health applications from handling network

disruptions

•  Time-critical vs. non time-critical transmissions •  defers the transmission of media-rich sensory data •  Save cost and resources for the network (available bandwidth

and/or required energy, etc.)

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DAPHNE

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DYNACARGO

•  Dynamic Cargo Routing on the Go •  Joint work with industry and Municipality of Nafpaktia

•  Application scenario: waste collection optimization •  Information collection from the field (waste bin fill level) •  Dynamic adaptation of routes based on fill level •  While garbage truck already on the go •  Collection by passing vehicles and citizen participation

•  R&D challenges •  Fill level sensor (optical, image processing, ultrasonic, …) •  Short-range communication node (Active RFID, WSN, …)

•  Device security, cost, energy, …

•  Citizen participation (motivation and applications) •  Data fusion (FMS, bin information, historical, citizens) •  Dynamic route optimization (not offline) 11

DYNACARGO

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DYNACARGO

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DYNACARGO – Role of DTN

•  Low-cost sensing and transmission from waste bins •  Harsh environment, battery life, remote areas, theft

•  Disconnected areas and paths •  Both urban and rural/remote areas, no radio coverage

•  Mobile sink based on DTN for black spots •  No need for expensive equipment on bin (theft)

•  Application integration with RFID and WSN (?) •  System components for vehicular environment •  Stack implementation integration •  Type of DTN (application, proxy, tunnel, …) •  Real-world testing of implementations (multiple endpoints)

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Ready for prime time?

•  Available building blocks •  Stack implementations

•  DTN2, ION, IBR-DTN, JDTN, …

•  Convergence layers •  TCP, IP, Ethernet, AX.25, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4, …

•  Network performance analysis •  DTN_Perf2, DTN_Perf3, Wireshark, DTNtg, …

•  System performance •  throughput, latency, storage, energy

•  Security •  BSP and SBSP

•  Simulation and emulation •  NS2, NS3, OMNET++, DTNSim, ONE •  VDTN, DOME, UTMESH, SPICE "

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Lessons learned

•  DTN paradox: •  Proven ability to cope with delays and disconnections •  Good performance in “normal” network conditions •  Low technology adoption

•  Possible explanations: •  Resistance to change (a new API?) •  Handle network issues at application layer •  Designed and deployed systems handle one application

•  True value: Bundle of (mobile) applications

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Thank you " Feel free to ask any questions!

Dr. Artemios G. Voyiatzis Associate Researcher