D.S.Q.: D.S.Q.: Anyone that did not do the Fossil Fabricator on Wonderville, go to Anyone that did not do the Fossil Fabricator on Wonderville, go to

the computers. On my portaportal under “Fun/Interactive the computers. On my portaportal under “Fun/Interactive Websites” go to Wonderville. Go the Wonderville menu and click Websites” go to Wonderville. Go the Wonderville menu and click on “Interactive Activities,” and then go to Fossil Fabricator. on “Interactive Activities,” and then go to Fossil Fabricator.

Describe the following terms in your own words and Describe the following terms in your own words and draw a picture to go with each description:draw a picture to go with each description:

PetrifactionPetrifaction AmberAmber MummificationMummification Trace fossilTrace fossil CoprolitesCoprolites MoldMold CastCast

Looking at FossilsLooking at Fossils

Chapter 5 Section 4Chapter 5 Section 4

InvestigationInvestigation Coralville, Iowa got its name because there used Coralville, Iowa got its name because there used

to be a living coral reef in the town. to be a living coral reef in the town.

What you would see today is a fossilized coral What you would see today is a fossilized coral reef. But you know that coral reefs are found in reef. But you know that coral reefs are found in warm tropical oceans and that Iowa is more than warm tropical oceans and that Iowa is more than 1,000 km away from any ocean!1,000 km away from any ocean!

How did this huge coral reef end up in the middle How did this huge coral reef end up in the middle of Iowa? (Discuss with your neighbor.)of Iowa? (Discuss with your neighbor.)

To answer the question, you To answer the question, you need to learn about fossils.need to learn about fossils.

FossilsFossils

A A fossilfossil is any is any naturally naturally preserved preserved evidence of evidence of life. life.

Types of FossilsTypes of Fossils

Fossils in Fossils in RocksRocks-when organisms die, the -when organisms die, the fleshy parts decomposefleshy parts decompose and are buried quickly and are buried quickly in in sedimentary rocksedimentary rock..

The The hard partshard parts are left to become fossils. are left to become fossils.

Types of FossilsTypes of Fossils Mineral Replacement-Mineral Replacement-

minerals replace the tissue minerals replace the tissue of organisms. of organisms.

PermineralizationPermineralization-minerals -minerals fill in pore spaces of an fill in pore spaces of an organism's tissues.organism's tissues.

PetrificationPetrification-occurs when -occurs when organism’s tissues are organism’s tissues are completely replaced by completely replaced by minerals.minerals.

Types of FossilsTypes of Fossils

Fossils in Fossils in AmberAmber- occurs - occurs when insects when insects get stuck in get stuck in tree saptree sap that that hardenshardens..

Types of FossilsTypes of Fossils MummificationMummification--

occurs when occurs when organisms die in organisms die in dry dry placesplaces, such as , such as deserts, they dry out deserts, they dry out so fast that there isn’t so fast that there isn’t enough time for the enough time for the soft parts to decaysoft parts to decay..

Types of FossilsTypes of Fossils Frozen FossilsFrozen Fossils-occurs -occurs

when animals are when animals are frozen frozen in icein ice and die. We find and die. We find them 1000’s of years them 1000’s of years later when it later when it thawsthaws. .

Fossils in TarFossils in Tar-occurs -occurs when animals are when animals are preserved in thick preserved in thick oily oily tartar. .

Other Types of FossilsOther Types of Fossils Trace FossilTrace Fossil-any naturally preserved evidence -any naturally preserved evidence

of an animal’s of an animal’s activityactivity.. Three Types:Three Types:1. 1. TrackTrack-footprint-footprint2. 2. BurrowsBurrows-shelters made by animals-shelters made by animals3. 3. Coprolites-preserved feces-preserved feces

Why are tracks and Why are tracks and coprolites considered coprolites considered trace fossils?trace fossils?

Discuss with your Discuss with your neighbor.neighbor.

They are evidence of They are evidence of animal activity rather animal activity rather than fossilized than fossilized organisms. organisms.

BURROW

COPROLITE

Other Types of FossilsOther Types of Fossils MoldMold-is a cavity in the ground or rock where a -is a cavity in the ground or rock where a

plant or animal was buried. plant or animal was buried.

Other Types of FossilsOther Types of Fossils Cast-is an object created when sediment fills a mold -is an object created when sediment fills a mold

and becomes rock.and becomes rock.

Using Fossils to Interpret the PastUsing Fossils to Interpret the Past

Fossils can reveal changes in the environment. Fossils can reveal changes in the environment. Scientists have determined that Iowa was once Scientists have determined that Iowa was once

covered by a shallow sea.covered by a shallow sea. Likewise, who would have expected fossils of Likewise, who would have expected fossils of

marine organisms on the top of a mountain?marine organisms on the top of a mountain? The presence of these fossils means that rocks The presence of these fossils means that rocks

were once below the surface of an ocean.were once below the surface of an ocean.

Which layer is the oldest? Which is the Which layer is the oldest? Which is the youngest?youngest?

ReviewReview

Describe two ways that fossils can Describe two ways that fossils can form.form.

List two types of fossils that are not List two types of fossils that are not part of an organism.part of an organism.