Drugs Drugs & Drug Abuse& Drug Abuse

MIDN 2/C SMITH, N.

14 SEPT 2006

ReferencesReferencesCNETINST 1533.12G “Regulations for the CNETINST 1533.12G “Regulations for the Administration and Management of the Naval Administration and Management of the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC),” 9 Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC),” 9 August 2002August 2002MCO P1700.24B, “Marine Corps Personal MCO P1700.24B, “Marine Corps Personal Services Manual,” 17 December 2001Services Manual,” 17 December 2001CNET Official Mail Message #076-02, “Navy’s CNET Official Mail Message #076-02, “Navy’s Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention/Control Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention/Control Program,” 6 May 2002Program,” 6 May 2002OPNAVINST 5350.4C, “Drug and Alcohol OPNAVINST 5350.4C, “Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention and Control,” 19 April 2000Abuse Prevention and Control,” 19 April 2000SECNAVINST 5300.29B, “Alcohol Abuse, SECNAVINST 5300.29B, “Alcohol Abuse, Drug Abuse and Operating Motor Vehicles,” Drug Abuse and Operating Motor Vehicles,” 16 March 2000.16 March 2000.

ObjectivesObjectives

Know the naval policy for drug useKnow the naval policy for drug use

Know what constitutes drug abuseKnow what constitutes drug abuse

Become familiar with different types of drugs Become familiar with different types of drugs and their effectsand their effects

Navy Policy on Drug AbuseNavy Policy on Drug Abuse

ZERO TOLERANCE!ZERO TOLERANCE!

Drug abuseDrug abuse

Drug abuse involves use, possession, Drug abuse involves use, possession, manufacture, or distribution of a controlled manufacture, or distribution of a controlled substance. substance.

The term “use” encompasses all methods of The term “use” encompasses all methods of introducing a drug into the body (i.e. inhaling, introducing a drug into the body (i.e. inhaling, injecting, ingesting, etc.)injecting, ingesting, etc.)

Drug StatsDrug Stats

As of 1999, 87.7 million Americans had tried As of 1999, 87.7 million Americans had tried an illegal drug. an illegal drug.

55% of high school seniors reported having 55% of high school seniors reported having used an illegal drug.used an illegal drug.

Drugs have become much more potent in the Drugs have become much more potent in the last 30 years.last 30 years.– The average THC level in marijuana has The average THC level in marijuana has

increased from 1.5% in 1970 to over 7.6% today. increased from 1.5% in 1970 to over 7.6% today.

– The purity level of heroine has increased approx. The purity level of heroine has increased approx. 10% and now averages 35%. 10% and now averages 35%.

Who it effects…Who it effects…

Drug abuse affects everyone. Drug abuse affects everyone. This is especially true in the This is especially true in the Navy/Marine CorpsNavy/Marine CorpsDrug users have been surveyed Drug users have been surveyed as using twice the medical as using twice the medical benefits of a non-drug user, benefits of a non-drug user, taking 1/3 more leave time, and taking 1/3 more leave time, and are 60% more likely to be are 60% more likely to be responsible for an accident. responsible for an accident. Illegal drug users are far more Illegal drug users are far more likely to be involved in domestic likely to be involved in domestic abuse, violent altercations, and abuse, violent altercations, and other crimes. other crimes.

Taking action…Taking action…

Even if you do not do drugs, it is important Even if you do not do drugs, it is important that you know the dangers of substance that you know the dangers of substance abuse in order to better understand how abuse in order to better understand how they affect our fellow Sailors and Marines. they affect our fellow Sailors and Marines. If you know a shipmate that is having a If you know a shipmate that is having a problem with drug abuse, it is in his or her problem with drug abuse, it is in his or her best interest to seek immediate help. It is best interest to seek immediate help. It is your duty as a midshipman and future your duty as a midshipman and future officer to unsure that your shipmate’s officer to unsure that your shipmate’s problem is being handled properly. problem is being handled properly.

Types of DrugsTypes of DrugsThe following are among the most frequent The following are among the most frequent

misused substances in the world today:misused substances in the world today:

1. Tobacco

2. Alcohol

3. Prescription Drugs

4. Methamphetamine

5. Marijuana

6. MDMA (Ecstasy)7. Crack Cocaine8. Heroin9. Steroids10.Inhalants

CocaineCocaine

Street names: Crack, rock, blow, cuchStreet names: Crack, rock, blow, cuchCocaine is a white powder substance Cocaine is a white powder substance that is snorted, injected, and smoked. that is snorted, injected, and smoked. The effects of smoking crack are felt The effects of smoking crack are felt almost immediately, are very intense, almost immediately, are very intense, and do not last long. and do not last long. Addiction can become quite severe as Addiction can become quite severe as it is a powerful stimulant to the central it is a powerful stimulant to the central nervous system that heightens nervous system that heightens alertness, inhibits appetite and the alertness, inhibits appetite and the need for sleep, and provides intense need for sleep, and provides intense feelings of pleasure. feelings of pleasure.

Cocaine: Side EffectsCocaine: Side EffectsRepeated use of cocaine gives birth to Repeated use of cocaine gives birth to certain long-term effects.certain long-term effects.

Euphoria gradually displaced by Euphoria gradually displaced by restlessness, extreme excitability, restlessness, extreme excitability, insomnia, paranoia – and eventually insomnia, paranoia – and eventually hallucinations and delusions. hallucinations and delusions.

Heavy users may also suffer from mood Heavy users may also suffer from mood swings, paranoia, weight loss, insomnia, swings, paranoia, weight loss, insomnia, and and deathdeath. .

Date-Rape Drug: RohypnolDate-Rape Drug: RohypnolRohypnol is a sedative. It is usually crushed Rohypnol is a sedative. It is usually crushed from a tablet form and combined with alcohol.from a tablet form and combined with alcohol.Street terms: roofie, La Rocha, Roach-2Street terms: roofie, La Rocha, Roach-2The effects or Rohypnol are 7 to 10 times The effects or Rohypnol are 7 to 10 times more potent than Valium.more potent than Valium.Effects appear approx. 15 to 20 minutes after Effects appear approx. 15 to 20 minutes after administration and last approx. 4 to 6 hours.administration and last approx. 4 to 6 hours.Effects include drowsiness, dizziness, loss of Effects include drowsiness, dizziness, loss of motor control, lack of coordination, slurred motor control, lack of coordination, slurred speech, confusion, and gastrointestinal speech, confusion, and gastrointestinal disturbances lasting 12 or more hours.disturbances lasting 12 or more hours.

Date-RapeDate-RapeA rapist often laces the alcoholic beverage of an A rapist often laces the alcoholic beverage of an unbeknownst victim and waits for the drug to take unbeknownst victim and waits for the drug to take effect.effect.Victims are often unable to clearly recall an assault Victims are often unable to clearly recall an assault upon them, the assailant, or the events surrounding upon them, the assailant, or the events surrounding the assault. the assault. Precautions:Precautions:– Never go out aloneNever go out alone– Never leave drinks unattendedNever leave drinks unattended– Be leery of friends and acquaintances, as most assaults Be leery of friends and acquaintances, as most assaults

are perpetrated by someone the victim knows and trustsare perpetrated by someone the victim knows and trusts– If you feel intoxicated after only 1 or 2 drinks, then get If you feel intoxicated after only 1 or 2 drinks, then get

help fast.help fast.

Things to think about:Things to think about:

1 of every 10 rape victims is male. 1 of every 10 rape victims is male.

99% of offenders are male99% of offenders are male

80% of rape victims are under age 30 80% of rape victims are under age 30

GHBGHB

GHB was originally thought to be a safe and GHB was originally thought to be a safe and “natural” food supplement, as it is also created “natural” food supplement, as it is also created by the human body.by the human body.It was soon discovered that the drug causes It was soon discovered that the drug causes overdoses and other health problemsoverdoses and other health problemsStreet names: Liquid X, G, Juice, Gamma-OHStreet names: Liquid X, G, Juice, Gamma-OHIt can be found in a liquid form or as a white It can be found in a liquid form or as a white powdered material. powdered material. It is frequently combined with alcohol and is It is frequently combined with alcohol and is commonly abused at rave parties. commonly abused at rave parties.

GHB: EffectsGHB: Effects

It can produce drowsiness, dizziness, It can produce drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, unconsciousness, seizures, nausea, unconsciousness, seizures, severe respiratory depression, and coma. severe respiratory depression, and coma. Many use it for its intoxicating effects.Many use it for its intoxicating effects.Bodybuilders use it for its anabolic effects.Bodybuilders use it for its anabolic effects.GHB has been documented as being used GHB has been documented as being used to incapacitate people with the intent of to incapacitate people with the intent of sexual assault.sexual assault.

Ecstasy (MDMA)Ecstasy (MDMA)

Street terms: X, Bean, Street terms: X, Bean, Scooby SnacksScooby SnacksEcstasy is taken orally, Ecstasy is taken orally, usually in tablet or capsule usually in tablet or capsule form, and its side effects last form, and its side effects last approx. 4 to 6 hours. approx. 4 to 6 hours. Users of the drug say that it Users of the drug say that it produces profoundly positive produces profoundly positive feelings, empathy for others, feelings, empathy for others, elimination of anxiety, and elimination of anxiety, and extreme relaxation. extreme relaxation.

Ecstasy: Side EffectsEcstasy: Side EffectsEcstasy suppresses the need to eat, drink, or sleep, Ecstasy suppresses the need to eat, drink, or sleep, enabling users to endure partying for 2 or 3 days.enabling users to endure partying for 2 or 3 days.Consequently, X can result in severe dehydration or Consequently, X can result in severe dehydration or exhaustion. exhaustion. It can also cause nausea, hallucinations, chills, It can also cause nausea, hallucinations, chills, sweating, hypothermia, tremors, involuntary teeth sweating, hypothermia, tremors, involuntary teeth clenching, muscle cramping, and blurred vision.clenching, muscle cramping, and blurred vision.An OD is characterized by high blood pressure, An OD is characterized by high blood pressure, faintness, panic attacks, loss of consciousness, faintness, panic attacks, loss of consciousness, seizures, hyperthermia, and seizures, hyperthermia, and deathdeath due to heart failure due to heart failure or extreme heat stroke.or extreme heat stroke.

LSDLSD

LSD is the most potent LSD is the most potent hallucinogen known to hallucinogen known to man.man.

It is sold in tablet form It is sold in tablet form (microdots), on sugar (microdots), on sugar cubes, in thin squares of cubes, in thin squares of gelatin (window panes), gelatin (window panes), and, most commonly, as and, most commonly, as blotter paper (sheets of blotter paper (sheets of paper soaked in or paper soaked in or impregnated with LSD).impregnated with LSD).

LSD: Side EffectsLSD: Side Effects

During the first hour of ingestion, the user During the first hour of ingestion, the user may experience visual changes with may experience visual changes with extreme changes in mood. extreme changes in mood.

The user may also suffer impaired depth The user may also suffer impaired depth and time perception, with distorted and time perception, with distorted perception of the size and shape of perception of the size and shape of objects, movements, color, sound, touch objects, movements, color, sound, touch and the user’s own body image. and the user’s own body image.

PCPPCP

Street names: Angel Dust, Street names: Angel Dust, Embalming Fluid, Rocket FuelEmbalming Fluid, Rocket FuelPCP is an anesthetic that has PCP is an anesthetic that has hallucinogenic effects. hallucinogenic effects. It comes in liquid, crystal, pill, It comes in liquid, crystal, pill, or powder form and can be or powder form and can be smoked, snorted, swallowed, smoked, snorted, swallowed, or injected.or injected.The most popular method of The most popular method of use is smoking marijuana, use is smoking marijuana, parsley, or tobacco sprinkled parsley, or tobacco sprinkled with PCP powder.with PCP powder.

PCP: Side EffectsPCP: Side Effects

PCP abuse is associated with intoxication and PCP abuse is associated with intoxication and euphoria. euphoria. Being an anesthetic, PCP deadens feelings in the Being an anesthetic, PCP deadens feelings in the extremities, making it almost impossible for users to extremities, making it almost impossible for users to feel any pain until the drug wears off. feel any pain until the drug wears off. Prolonged users experience disturbances in Prolonged users experience disturbances in judgment, memory, concentration, and perception.judgment, memory, concentration, and perception.They report speech problems, as well as hearing They report speech problems, as well as hearing voices and sounds that don’t exist.voices and sounds that don’t exist.Other signs and symptoms of use include Other signs and symptoms of use include unpredictable behavior, mood swings, intoxication, unpredictable behavior, mood swings, intoxication, disorientation, agitation, and violent and aggressive disorientation, agitation, and violent and aggressive behavior.behavior.

KetamineKetamine

Street names: Special K, tranq, Kit-KatStreet names: Special K, tranq, Kit-KatThis drug is commercially sold as Ketlar, a This drug is commercially sold as Ketlar, a powerful anesthetic mainly used on farm powerful anesthetic mainly used on farm animals. animals. It usually comes as a liquid, but it also comes in It usually comes as a liquid, but it also comes in the form of a white powder or pillthe form of a white powder or pillIt can be inhaled, swallowed, or injected.It can be inhaled, swallowed, or injected.Side effects include strong intoxication, Side effects include strong intoxication, hallucinations, and loss of feeling in the hallucinations, and loss of feeling in the extremities.extremities.Large doses can induce unconsciousness, Large doses can induce unconsciousness, which could lead to a heart attack.which could lead to a heart attack.

MethamphetamineMethamphetamine

Street names: Speed, Street names: Speed, Ice, Crystal, CrankIce, Crystal, CrankMethamphetamines are Methamphetamines are synthetic stimulants made synthetic stimulants made generally from ephedrine generally from ephedrine and household and household chemicals. chemicals. ““Meth” can be smoked, Meth” can be smoked, snorted, injected, or taken snorted, injected, or taken orally.orally.It is typically a white, It is typically a white, odorless, bitter-tasting odorless, bitter-tasting powder that easily powder that easily dissolves in water. dissolves in water.

Meth: Side EffectsMeth: Side Effects

““Meth” acts as a false transmitter in the brain Meth” acts as a false transmitter in the brain synapse, constantly stimulating and overexciting synapse, constantly stimulating and overexciting the brain. the brain. Psychological addiction occurs quickly, often Psychological addiction occurs quickly, often instantly. instantly. After prolonged use, the dopamine cells in the After prolonged use, the dopamine cells in the brain may never fully recover, causing lack of brain may never fully recover, causing lack of pleasure in acts that are normally pleasurable. pleasure in acts that are normally pleasurable. Withdrawal is characterized by depression, Withdrawal is characterized by depression, suicidal tendencies, exhaustion, weight gain, suicidal tendencies, exhaustion, weight gain, and convulsionsand convulsions

MarijuanaMarijuana

Street name: Pot, Grass, Street name: Pot, Grass, Weed, Mary Jane, ReeferWeed, Mary Jane, ReeferThe most commonly used The most commonly used illicit drug in America illicit drug in America today. today. A tobacco-like substance A tobacco-like substance produced by drying the produced by drying the leaves and flowering tops leaves and flowering tops of the cannabis plantof the cannabis plantIs usually smoked in the Is usually smoked in the form of loosely rolled form of loosely rolled cigarettes (joints) or cigarettes (joints) or hollowed-out commercial hollowed-out commercial cigars (blunts). cigars (blunts).

Marijuana: Side EffectsMarijuana: Side Effects

Marijuana contains known toxins and cancer-Marijuana contains known toxins and cancer-causing chemicals that are stored in fat cells of causing chemicals that are stored in fat cells of users for up to several months. users for up to several months.

Marijuana users experience the same health Marijuana users experience the same health problems as tobacco smokers, such as problems as tobacco smokers, such as bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma.bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma.

Some side effects include increased heart rate, Some side effects include increased heart rate, dryness of the mouth, reddening of the eyes, dryness of the mouth, reddening of the eyes, impaired motor skills and concentration, and impaired motor skills and concentration, and frequent hunger.frequent hunger.

HeroinHeroin

Street names: dope, smack, Street names: dope, smack, black tar, brown sugarblack tar, brown sugar

A narcotic derivative of the opium A narcotic derivative of the opium poppy plantpoppy plant

Pure heroin is a white powder Pure heroin is a white powder with a bitter taste.with a bitter taste.

Other colors result from impurities Other colors result from impurities in the manufacturing process or in the manufacturing process or the presences of additivesthe presences of additives

Heroin is mostly injected; Heroin is mostly injected; however, high purity heroin is however, high purity heroin is also snorted or smoked also snorted or smoked

InhalantsInhalantsA chemically diverse group of A chemically diverse group of psychoactive substances commonly psychoactive substances commonly found in over 1,000 common found in over 1,000 common household products. (i.e. glue, household products. (i.e. glue, gasoline, hair spraygasoline, hair sprayInhalants may be sniffed directly from Inhalants may be sniffed directly from an open container or “huffed” from a an open container or “huffed” from a rag soaked in the substance and held rag soaked in the substance and held to the face. to the face. The effects of inhalant intoxication resemble those of alcohol inebriation – The effects of inhalant intoxication resemble those of alcohol inebriation – stimulation and loss of inhibition, followed by depression.stimulation and loss of inhibition, followed by depression.

Other effects include distortion of perception of time and space, Other effects include distortion of perception of time and space, headache, nausea or vomiting, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, headache, nausea or vomiting, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, and wheezing.and wheezing.

A rash around the nose and mouth may be seen, and an odor of paint or A rash around the nose and mouth may be seen, and an odor of paint or solvents on clothes skin and breath is sometimes a sign of inhalent abuse.solvents on clothes skin and breath is sometimes a sign of inhalent abuse.

Other substances that can be abused Other substances that can be abused include the following:include the following:– SteroidsSteroids– Prescription DrugsPrescription Drugs

RitalinRitalin

ValiumValium

Percocet Percocet

CodeineCodeine

Questions? Concerns? Anxieties?Questions? Concerns? Anxieties?