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Classification Common drug Related drugs Mechanism of action Clinical uses Common and serious side effects Resourses

PR222 Human cell pathobiology

Anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs, acetaminophen steroids)

NSAIDs Aspirin irreversible inhibits COX (PGsynthesis)

pain, fever, inflamamation,prevention for thromboembolism,

colorectal cancer

GI upset, kidney toxicity .

Ibuprofen inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 pain, fever, inflammation GI upset, kidney toxicity

Indomethacin inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) GI upset, kidney toxicity

Piroxicam inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 long-term action:pain, fever,

inflammation

GI upset, kidney toxicity

Celecoxib specific inhibits COX-2 pain, fever, inflammation cardiovascular disorders

Acetaminophen Acetaminophen centrally inhibits COX analgesic, antipyretic liver toxicity

Glucocorticoids Prednisolone blocks phospholipase A2 inflammation, allergy high blood glucose, Cushings

Syndrome

Dexamethasone blocks phospholipase A2 inflammation, severe emesis Cushings Syndrome

Fundamental of poisoning

and management

Chelating agents Dimercaprol succimer As, Hg Gd Pb poisoning tachycardia, renal toxicity .

Chelating agents Deferoxamine iron poisoning renal insufficiency

Chelating agents Penicillamine trientine Cu, Pb poisoning cutaneous reaction, bone marrowsuppression, renal toxicity

Antidote Flumazenil benzodiazepine receptor antagonist benzodiazepine poisoning dizziness(10%), nausea/vomitting

(11%)

Adsorbance Activated charcoal mycobial toxin, salicylate, paraquat,barbiturates, amphetamine

rare

Anticancer drugs 1. Platinum Cisplatin DNA ,thymidylate synthase

testicular tumors .

2. Alkylating agents Cyclophosphamide alkylates & DNA

cancer (meningeal leukemia, acute

leukemia, non-Hodgkin's

lymphomas, ALL, AML,

lymphomatous meningitis),

autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus

erythematosus, certain types of

kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis

and vasculitis), prevent organ

rejection

severe hemorrhagic cystitis

(prevented by mesna), acute

myelosuppression, N&V, seizure,

cerebellar ataxia, hair loss

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Note **

recommended for

pregnancy, *

alternative for

pregnancy

Lamivudine (3TC)** triphosphatedreverse transcriptase, DNA DNA

HIV & HBV infection neutropenia, headache, nausea, pancreatitis

All NRTI &

tenofovir cause riskof lactic acidosis

with hepatic steatosis

Didanosine (ddI)* peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis,

diarrhea, hyperuricemia, nausea(neuropathic drugs eg. d4T, ddC,

isoniazid pancreatitic drugs eg. d4T,ddC)

Zalcitabine (ddC) peripheral neuropathy, oral

ulceration, pancreatitis (cimetidine, neuropathic drugs eg.

d4T, ddI, isoniazid)

Stavudine (d4T)* peripheral neuropathy,

lipodystrophy,hyperlipidemia,

pancreatitis (zidovudine neuropathicdrugs eg. ddI, ddC, isoniazid)

acyclic nucleoside

phosphonate (analog

of adenosine)

Tenofovir inhibit HIV RT & causes chain

termination after incorporation into

DNA

headache, diarrhea, N&V,

flatulence, renal insufficiency (atazanavir, probenecid)

Non-NRTI Nevirapine HIV reversetranscriptase

HIV infection rash, pruritus, Stevens-Johnson

syndrome, hepatitis esp. during

pregnancy (rifampin, ketoconazole, St.John

wort)

Efavirenz rash, liver enzymes (phenytoin,carbamazepine, phenobarbital,

ketoconazole,itraconazole, voriconazole triazolam, methadone,astemizole)

Protease inhibitors

(PIs)

Ritonavir protease PI metabolism (exceptnelfinavir) via CYP3A4

coadministration with other PI for

HIV infection

GI disturbance, dose-dependent

increase total cholesterol & TG,

lipodystrophy

Indinavir All PIs, except amprenavir, carry

risk of hyperlipidemia, fat

maldistribution, hyperglycemia,

insulin resistance

Antifungal drugs Amphotericin B

systemic fungal infection

(aspergillus, candida, cryptococcus,

coccidioidomycosis

Nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis,

headaches, chills, allergic reactions,

hepatotoxicity

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drug list-53 std

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