drones for good - the event!
DESCRIPTION
Thank you for attending Drones for Good.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 2: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Jonny ToozeMD & Founder at Lab
#D4GUK@drones4goodUK
![Page 3: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 4: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dr Peter EnderleinSenior Marine Science Engineer at British Antarctic Survey
![Page 5: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Different use of Drones in the harsh environment of Antarctica
From animal surveys to aerial photography
Dr Peter Enderlein
with Jeremy RobstCarl Robinson(Phil Anderson)Andrew FlemingAndreas CziferszkyPeter FretwellNorman RatcliffeMike DunnPhil Trathan
![Page 6: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Structure of talk:
• A little bit about the British Antarctic Survey
• Background
• Challenges
• Our Drones
• Our use of UAV’s so far...
• The future...
![Page 7: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BAS Today
• BAS is a component of the Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC)
• Delivers world-leading, interdisciplinary research in the polar regions
• National and international collaborations
• Leadership role in Antarctic affairs
• Over 450 staff
• Five research stations in and around Antarctica (four year-round, one
summer-only)
• Two Royal Research Ships, RRS James Clark Ross and RRS Ernest
Shackleton
• Six aircraft, four de Havilland Canada Twin Otters a de Havilland
Canada Dash-7 and a Dornier 228
![Page 8: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
British Antarctic Survey
Antarctic Research Stations
![Page 9: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Key Motivation for Polar UAV:- More science through availability- Long term systematic surveys- Repeat (verification) surveys- Ability to survey at the right time of year- Reduced wildlife disturbance- Can access physically inaccessible / dangerous study sites- Smaller mission cost thus enabling science use where cost was
prohibitive for traditional platforms- Operational
- Enhanced science by complimenting survey aircraft (UAVs have different operational envelopes)
- Creating scalability in our airborne survey fleet (from small scale UAVs through fixed wing UAVs to Helicopters and planes)
- Fuel (UAVs use less) “In Antarctica fuel can be as
expensive as single malt Whiskey”
![Page 11: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The challenges we face:
- the environment we operate in:- extreme temperatures (batteries can loose up to 50% of
their capacities at -20 degree Celsius)- operating in the most remote areas possible:
- UAV have to be as reliable as possible- in its complexity it has to be as simple as possible- you have to take plenty of spares as there are NO shops in
Antarctica and no next day deliveries- high risk of damage / loss
- before launch: risk analysis- highest risks:
- Water (launch, land from and onto ships; flying over water on the coasts)
- Wind (Antarctica is the windiest place on earth, with quick wind changes and katabatic winds)
![Page 12: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Used for local area mapping and observations for Antarctic Science Projects• Used to allow continued operational experience while awaiting for suitable
larger fixed wing UAVs to mature and become economically viable
Platforms Fixed Wing:
Quest 200 Carolo T 200
![Page 13: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Platforms Multirotor:Gaui 500X DJI Flamewheel F450 / F550
• Small portable platforms
• with / without GPS / sophisticated flight mode
• Used as trainers to gain experience
• Very limited pay load
![Page 14: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3DRobotics IRIS
Platforms Multirotor:3DRobotics Y6
• ready to fly systems, very reliable
• with GPS and sophisticated flight modes
• Y6 with additional redundancy
• limited pay load to GoPro or small Compact
![Page 15: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cinestar 6
Platforms Multirotor:
Self build “PERJ”
• professional Photo-/
Cinematography platform
• with GPS and additional sensors
• sophisticated flight modes
• including gimbal for DSLRs
• experimental platform to test
different sensors and flight controllers
• with GPS, OSD, sonar, optical sensor, ...
• sophisticated flight modes
• limited pay load to GoPro
![Page 16: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ground control station software
• QGroundControl (Windows, OSX, Linux)
• APM Planner (OSX)
• Mission planner (Windows)
![Page 17: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Field operations so far...
• general flying experience in the polar environment:
• At our stations: Rothera, Halley, King Edward Point, Bird Island and Signyand from our ships the RRS Ernest Shackleton and RRS James Clark Ross,
• Specific operations:
• Turbulence fluxes between atmosphere and the sea ice
• Sea ice reconnaissance of RRS Ernest Shackleton
• Environmental assessment (fly over) study on Penguin behaviour for Penguin population surveys (2012), followed by
• Penguin population surveys at Bird Island and Signy
• Feasibility of mast / antenna inspection work at Halley
![Page 18: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Flight experience in Antarctica
![Page 19: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Turbulence fluxes between atmosphere and the sea ice
Total kinetic energy
of turbulence over
ice shelf - midday
convective
measurement
![Page 20: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sea ice reconnaissance of RRS Ernest Shackleton
• Max. flying height: 140m
• Air temp / speed: -14 degC @ 10 knots
• ~30mins form request to watching the recorded video
![Page 21: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Penguin surveys at Bird Island and Signy
![Page 22: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Feasibility of mast / antenna inspection work at Halley
![Page 23: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Field operations so far...
• Min. air temperature: -30 degC
• Max. wind speed: 17 knots
• Max. dist from ground station: 920m
• Max. flying height AGL: 240m
• Max. flying time: 14m41s
Some stats:
![Page 24: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Future Polar UAV Fixed Wing 2015:
Suitably capable and economically viable UAVs are now available Key high level requirements – sub 20kg (dry weight) fixed wing, autonomous, packable into a Twin Otter, endurance greater than 5 hours (goal 14 hours), with fuel and endurance trade offs up to 9kg payload, take off and recovery system. Identify science and logistic missions so platform is as effective (capable) as possible – engagement with the science community to get mission requirements. Operational considerations – Air Unit / BAS pilots (aircraft operation/pilot training / airworthiness expertise), data management, environmental management, safety management, integration into current operations, staff training, reporting
Science engagement
to get mission requirements
Write UAV requirements
and SOW
Requirements
Sensor requirements
Now 2015 and beyond
Tender and UAV
purchase
BAS UAV/UAS/RPAS
Operations Committee
Process (i.e. NOTAM), guidelines, advise, operational environment constraints , platform register, reporting and logs
Training and
integration
Science missions
![Page 25: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank you for your attention
Flight experience in Antarctica Sea ice reconnaissance
![Page 26: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 27: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Gerry CorbettUAS Programme Lead at the Civil Aviation Authority
![Page 28: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
UK Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems RegulationsLAB – Drones For Good – 25 September 2014
Gerry Corbett – UAS Programme Lead
UK CAA Safety Regulation Group
![Page 29: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Scope
- CAA UAS ‘Vision’ and basic principles
- Small UAS - Current regulations
- Next steps
![Page 30: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
The scale/range of the subject
![Page 31: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
CAA’s UAS ‘Vision’
Enabling full and safe integration of all UAS operations into the
total aviation system
this is a long term aim (10-15 years from now?)
UAS still an Evolution of aviation
CAA supports UK development and implementation of such
systems
Leading the regulatory development
UAS must be….
Safe to be Flown
Flown safely
![Page 32: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Fundamental Principles They are Aircraft – not ‘drones’ ‘toys’ ‘UAVs’ etc
They are Piloted – albeit remotely
equivalence – to manned aviation
- doesn’t mean ‘identical’, looking for an equivalent capability
No ‘automatic rights’ - to airspace or special privileges
CAA’s responsibility is to Protect the Public – Risk?
General Considerations Piloting ‘function’ same for manned and unmanned – both ‘move’ aircraft
through the air
Same Airspace, Same Weather, Same Rules
Operations - Avoidance of collisions/Lookout principles
Airworthiness
Integrity of ‘link’ to aircraft
Complex Flight Control Systems
Pilots - Operators - Airworthy Aircraft
![Page 33: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
UAS Ops Within UK Airspace
Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) ‘See and Avoid’ responsibilities through direct visual observation
(visually managed)
Limited range- Size/Colour, weather conditions
400ft vertical, 500m horizontal – basic limits
Extended VLOS -ops within/beyond 400ft/500m, RP’s ‘direct visual
contact’ requirement addressed differently – collision avoidance still
achieved through ‘visual observation’
Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Detect and Avoid System
Segregated Airspace (if no DAA system fitted)
![Page 34: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Small Unmanned Aircraft (SUA) “Any unmanned aircraft, other than a balloon or a kite,
having a mass of not more than 20kg without its fuel but
including any articles or equipment installed or attached at
the commencement of its flight”
Note - this does not differentiate between model/recreational or other
uses
SUA are exempted from the majority of the UK Air Navigation
Order (UK Air Law), but 3 specific articles apply: Arts 138, 166 &
167
![Page 35: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
ANO 2009 - Key Articles
138 – Endangerment ‘A person shall not recklessly or negligently permit an aircraft to
endanger persons or property’
166 – Small Unmanned Aircraft (20kg or less)
Articles or animals must not be dropped ……so as to endanger
persons or property
The ‘person in charge’ may only fly the aircraft if reasonably
satisfied that the flight can safely be made (note no specific
requirements for ‘airworthiness’)
Person in charge must maintain ‘Direct Unaided visual contact’ –
for the purpose of avoiding collisions (ie. VLOS flights only)
>7kg ATC permission for A,C,D,E airspace, ATZ’s, >400ft.
Flights for the purpose of aerial work require specific permission
to be granted by the CAA.
![Page 36: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
ANO 2009 - Key Articles
167 – Small Unmanned Surveillance
Aircraft
‘SUSA’ is a small unmanned aircraft equipped to
undertake any form of surveillance or data
acquisition.
Unless in accordance with a permission from the
CAA, a SUSA must not be flown: Over or within 150m of congested area or assembly of >1000 people
Within 50m of vessels, vehicles or structures (not under the control of the person in charge of the aircraft)
Within 50m of any person (exceptions exist for take-off/landing (30m) and persons under the control of the person in charge of the aircraft)
Art 167 ‘covers off’ flights which are not aerial work
![Page 37: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Small UAS Operations
Regs proportionate to the potential risk, ‘light touch’ where
suitable
Specific aim “to protect those not involved in the activity”
Permissions – required where greater level of risk is evident
Aerial work, ‘camera’ flight close to people/property
Need to be satisfied that your operation is safe
For safety purposes only, not ‘privacy’ (Privacy aspects are covered by the data protection regulations)
Small UAS Currently the biggest/most notable development area
Requests for flight close to people/property/in congested areas, is growing – work commencing to address safety case requirements (ie. prove it is safe)
![Page 38: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Mystery as £20k 'spy' helicopter goes under
cover in city
“DESPERATE: (name
removed) searches the
skies for his missing
Draganflyer X6 helicopter”
![Page 39: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Small UAS (20kg or less)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Permissions Issued for UAS Operations
Number Issued
2006 8
2007 7
2008 17
2009 16
2010 59
2011 62
2012 133
2013 318
2014 336 to 30 Jun
![Page 40: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
But………………………
Reason for the rapid expansion in UK ?
Cheap and simple
Simple/light touch – no licensing
No ‘airworthiness’ specifications - ‘hobbyist’, no major
testing/reliability requirements
VLOS only ops – simple collision avoidance
Basic responsibility on ‘person in charge’
Risk based - size of a/c, how much damage?
Next ‘step up’ (close to/over people, BVLOS) is a big one….
Airworthiness + Collision Avoidance = Costly !
![Page 41: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
CAP 722
“Unmanned Aircraft System
Operations in UK Airspace –
Guidance”
Edition 5, 10 August 2012
UK Policy/Regulation developed and published through CAP 722.
(1st point of reference).
Used by other nations as a reference document (and frequently
plagiarised).
Amendment currently underway – Est publication Feb 15•More readable/useful
• Improved airworthiness (ie. Safety Assurance) guidance
![Page 42: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
No UK specific regulations under development
No point in UK ‘going it alone’ – no ‘demand’ as yet
Work underway at international level (ICAO and EU) to
achieve ‘harmonised’ regulations – UK contributing to
this, but rulemaking (ie. lawmaking) takes time (rightly)
In the meantime………
Operational Limitations
AirworthinessDetect & Avoid
![Page 43: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Europe – EC/EASA
EU RPAS roadmap published June 2013
EASA rulemaking based on a high and uniform level of safety –‘Harmonisation’ across member States – aids development for manufacturers and ‘free movement’ for operations/operators
EASA Rulemaking Plan 2014-2017 features 10 RPAS related rulemaking tasks covering:
Amendment of Basic Regulation – extends EASA scope to RPAS of any mass (proposed to remove ‘fragmentation’ of the market) – drafting underway
Creation of an EC regulation on RPAS and its Annex 1 (Part ORG)
Civil RPAS Safety Objectives (1309)
Common rules for licensing – likely to be required for all RPAS
Airworthiness processes (initial and continuing)
Certification Policy
Operations
![Page 44: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
JARUS
Joint Authorities for the Rulemaking of Unmanned
Systems
Collection of National Aviation Authorities (mostly
European, but also others including FAA, Brazil, Israel,
South Africa
Purpose is to recommend a single set of harmonised UAS
regulations for subsequent adoption by NAAs
7 Working Groups
Ops/Licensing, Organisations, Airworthiness, DAA,
C2/C3, System Safety Assessment, Continued
Airworthiness
Note – EASA intending to use JARUS as ‘Rulemaking
Group’ for much of its rulemaking tasks
![Page 45: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
CAA UAS Programme
‘Step by Step’ approach to expansion of UAS operations
Initial Ops – Get things flying, learn from experience
Accommodate activity into the aviation system, accepting that some limitations will be required
Integrate UAS with other aviation users as ‘routine business’
Initial Ops Accommodation
Strategic Projects
ASTRAEASmall UAS
Spectrum/Security
CAP722
PermissiveJARUS
MoD
EASA Airspace
Integration
ICAO Industry
![Page 46: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
To Sum Up
As for manned aircraft, unmanned aircraft will only be permitted to operate in UK airspace if it is considered that it is safe for them to do so
In the UK today we have a growing and diverse civil UA industry using small rotary and fixed wing aircraft under VLOS.
UK’s SUA regulations are proportionate, scaleable and have allowed the industry to develop, but further work now required to adequately assure safe ops in congested areas.
BVLOS ops (for both large and small RPAS) will require much closer assessment but we want to encourage development – need to know what is holding things back
We are developing appropriate regulation as a part of an international effort.
‘Safe to be Flown’- Airworthiness/Cert
‘Flown Safely’ – Operational
![Page 48: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 49: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Professor Nick AvisExecutive Dean, Faculty of Science and Engineering at
the University of Chester
![Page 50: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
25th September 2014Royal Air Force Museum
Hendon
Nick Avis
Faculty of Science and Engineering
University of Chester
Humanitarian uses of drones
![Page 51: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Drones – Non Humanitarian Uses
51
![Page 52: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Drones – Non Humanitarian Uses
52
![Page 53: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Drones – Non Humanitarian Uses
53
Military
• Surveillance UAVs, cargo-carrying UAVs, and weaponised UAVs.
• Dull, Dirty and Dangerous
• Military dividend – ? To what extent can these be repurposed ?
![Page 54: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Rapid Technological Advances:
54
![Page 55: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Vast array of sizes and capabilities!
![Page 56: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
….. more
![Page 57: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Drones – Humanitarian Uses
57
Platforms – Communications / broadband
Surveillance / Search
Transport / Delivery
![Page 58: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Drones – Humanitarian Uses
58
Platforms – Communications / broadband – Google – Loon
– O3B
Persistent - density – cost – ease of deployment
Satellite vs. High Altitude vs. Low altitude
Coverage, control, dwell times and fidelity
![Page 59: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
Drones – Humanitarian Uses Eco-System of UAVs and Data Networks
NASA
Eco-system of Drones – Data + Comms
![Page 60: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Google Loon
60
![Page 61: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Drones – Humanitarian Uses
61
Platforms – Communications / broadband – Google – Loon
– O3B
Surveillance / Search
Transport / Delivery
![Page 62: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Surveillance / Search
62
Platforms – Communications / broadband – Google – Loon
– O3B
Surveillance / Search
Transport / Delivery
![Page 63: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Surveillance / Search
63
“And on the day of the launch mission, 350 people from 25 countries including the US, Africa and Europe, acted as ‘virtual’ mountain rescue search assistants as they joined the live search and rescue trial operation from their desktop computers, tablet devices and mobiles.”
Drones and crowd-sourced analysis
![Page 64: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
[UPDATED] UAV Provides Colorado Flooding
Assistance Until FEMA Freaks Out
By Evan Ackerman
Posted 16 Sep 2013 | 14:42 GMT
64
![Page 65: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Drones – Humanitarian Uses
65
Platforms – Communications / broadband – Google – Loon
– O3B
Surveillance / Search
Transport / Delivery
![Page 66: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Transport
Grand Challenges Explorations Grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation went to a group led by George Barbastathis at Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, which is developing the idea of delivering vaccines to people in rural communities. [by drones]
![Page 67: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Nitrofirex
Transport
![Page 68: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Transport – small stuff
68
Video pill
“Fantastic Voyage”
![Page 69: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Organisations and Prizes
COO, THIS WILL NEVER FLY!
Civic Drone Centre civicdronecentre.org
![Page 70: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Organisations and Prizes
COO, THIS WILL NEVER FLY!
Prizes
• DUBAI // Fancy winning US$1 million or Dh1m?
• Now is your chance as the Government is offering the prize money to
anyone who can invent drones to deliver services.
• The competition was launched by Mohammed Al Gargawi, Minister of
Cabinet Affairs, at the Government Summit in Duba
• http://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/million-dollar-contest-
launched-to-invent-drones-for-uae-government-services#ixzz3EAj4U9sZ
![Page 71: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Conclusion
Technology – cool/shiny
Cost
Capability
Convenience
Acceptance
Safety concerns
71
![Page 72: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
URLs
72
http://irevolution.net/tag/uav/http://gerardens.com/2012/08/02/wildfire-fighting-robots/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-28318281http://irevolution.net/2014/08/29/google-uavs-for-disaster-response/http://irevolution.net/2014/06/25/humanitarians-in-the-sky/http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/aerial-robots/falcon-uav-provides-colorado-flooding-assistance-until-fema-freaks-outhttp://irevolution.net/2014/09/07/disaster-tweets-give-responders-valuable-data/www.ob3networks.orgcivicdronecentre.org
The Rise of the Humanitarian Drone: Giving Content to an Emerging Concept (forthcoming)
Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2014) The Rise of the Humanitarian Drone: Giving Content to an Emerging Concept (forthcoming), Millennium: Journal of International Studies.
![Page 74: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 75: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Serge WichCo-Founder at conservationdrones.org
![Page 76: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
DRONES& monitoring biodiversity ( threats)
CONSERVATION
Serge WichLiverpool John Moores University, UK
Lian Pin KohUniversity of Adelaide, Australia
![Page 77: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Source: Orangutan Foundation
Source: Rainforest Rescue
An urgent problem...monitoring of orangutans
![Page 78: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Survey work
![Page 79: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Sumatra distribution (2012)
![Page 80: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Sources: nicecliparts.com, melodyshaw.com
![Page 81: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Seed funding...
Happily we went shopping
![Page 82: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
...we decided to look for a cheaper ‘Do-It-Yourself’ solution...
Drones are expensive and might also be expensive to maintain...
Source: youtube.com/1sgttoles
![Page 83: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
DIYDrones.com – Amateur Drone BuildersDo-it-yourself drones
![Page 84: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
+ +
Model aircraft Autopilot Payload
Software
+ Conservation
Drone!=
![Page 85: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Prototype Drone (< £650)
![Page 86: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Prototype Drone ... Test flights in Switzerland
![Page 87: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
First field tests in N Sumatra, Indonesia (Jan 2012)
![Page 88: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
ConservationDrones.org... Founded April 2012
253, 707 views (01/07/2014)
![Page 90: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
How does a Conservation Drone work?
![Page 91: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Mission Planning: Clicking waypoints on Google map
![Page 92: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Quick look River survey
Map an area Patrol forest boundary
![Page 93: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
The Caipirinha drone
![Page 94: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Flight data screen
![Page 95: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Prototype: Bixler Raptor drone Skywalker drone
Maja drone Finwing drone Vanguard drone
Different models
![Page 96: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Weight: ~1-3 kg (inc. batteries)
Payload: ~0-1 kg
Automatic Take-off: Hand launchedAutonomous Flight: Guided by GPSAutomatic Landing: Within 100 x 100 m field
Flight time: ~20-90 minutes
Range: ~15-70 km
Sensors: Photo, video, thermal imaging cameras
Telemetry: ‘Live’ transmission of flight data and video
Wingspan: 1-1.8 m
Photo Quality: ~1 – 10 cm per pixel resolution
SPECS
![Page 97: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Different multi-rotor models
![Page 98: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
What is a Conservation Drone good for?
Super low-cost remote sensor
![Page 99: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Orangutan nests
![Page 100: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Reforestation project in Sumatra
In collaboration with the Sumatran Orangutan Society and the Orangutan Information Centre (Wich et al in prep)
2238 images
5.22 sq. km / 1289ac
5.22cm/pixel side
91 orangutan nest in ground surveys
Aerial images being analysed
![Page 102: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Turtle nest
![Page 103: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Bat (detecting) drones
ConservationDrones with Terry Reardon (South Australian Museum) and Alice
Hughes (Chinese Academy of Science). Detecting the Grey-headed flying-fox
![Page 104: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Bat calls (~39kHz)
Noise from drone (<4kHz)
![Page 106: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Wild orangutan
![Page 107: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Elephant (Sumatra)Scale:100%|F-stop: f/2.7|Exp: 1/1000|Lens:28mm|Altitude:80m agl
![Page 108: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Wild Rhinos (Nepal)Scale:100%|F-stop: f/3.1|Exp: 1/1000|Lens:28mm|Altitude:100m agl
![Page 109: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Forest buffaloes
![Page 110: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Monitoring birds
A collaboration between Monash University and ConservationDrones.
Focus on Crested Terns (photo) and Lesser Frigatbird
![Page 111: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Automatic object recognition needed due to large amount of data
(Chen et al. 2014)
![Page 112: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Ecosystem-level PatternsScale:50%|F-stop: f/2.7|Exp: 1/500|Lens:28mm|Altitude:100m agl
![Page 113: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Tree-level PhenomenaScale:100%|F-stop: f/4|Exp: 1/1000|Lens:50mm|Altitude:100m agl
![Page 114: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Question 1 Preliminary results:
Tree species identification (Gabon)
(van Andel et al. in prep))
![Page 115: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Human Activities: LoggingScale:30%|F-stop: f/4.2|Exp: 1/500|Lens:28mm|Altitude:100m agl
![Page 116: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Agriculture: Oil PalmScale:17%|F-stop: f/4.2|Exp: 1/250|Lens:28mm|Altitude:100m agl
![Page 117: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Mosaic of multiple drone images
1000 m
![Page 118: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Landsat satellite: 30m/pixel
Camera on UAV: 3cm/pixel
![Page 119: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
![Page 120: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Forest monitoring in Gunung Leuser National Park
(Courtesy of Graham Usher and Matt Nowak, SOCP)
![Page 121: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Grey = water
Blue = Forest
Green = agriculture/barren
Dark red = barren/housing
Red = roads/barren Courtesy of Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz and Wee Siong
![Page 122: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Landsat image classified based on land cover from photomosaic from drone
(Szantoi et al. in prep)
![Page 123: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Georeferenced photo-mosaics draped over DSM
X
Z
Y
![Page 124: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
In collaboration with: Dronemapper.com & ETH Future Cities Laboratory
3D ‘Forest overview’ from Drone-based Imagery
![Page 125: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
High Definition Video Camera
Video camera
![Page 126: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Youtube.com/lp76
Bird’s Eye View of Landscape
![Page 127: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Odzala National Park, Congo
![Page 128: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Thermal imaging
With Andy Goodwin (LJMU OpenLabs) and support from www.Xenics.com
![Page 129: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Belize
![Page 130: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Gabon
Kenya
Tanzania
Rep Congo Madagascar
USA
Germany
Switzerland
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
CambodiaNepal
Greenland Scotland
Chile
Belize
Australia
Panama
![Page 131: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Radio collarsCamera traps
VHF
Ongoing developments...
Spy mics
![Page 132: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
![Page 133: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 134: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Robin HiggonsManaging Director at Qi3
![Page 135: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
![Page 136: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
![Page 137: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
![Page 138: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
![Page 139: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
![Page 140: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
![Page 141: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
![Page 142: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
![Page 143: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
![Page 144: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
![Page 145: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
![Page 146: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
![Page 147: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
![Page 148: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
![Page 149: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
![Page 150: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
![Page 151: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
![Page 152: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
![Page 153: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
![Page 154: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 155: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Andrew RicheAgronomist at Rothamsted Research
![Page 156: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
Rothamsted Researchwhere knowledge grows
Monitoring crop experiments by drone
Andrew RicheSlide 156
![Page 157: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
Talk outline
• Background
• RPAs in agriculture
• Rothamsted RPA
• Monitoring field trials
• How the RPA can help
157
![Page 158: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Food Security
‘Demand for food is projected to increase by 50% by 2030 and double by 2050’
‘The challenge for global agriculture is to grow more food on not much more
land, using less water, fertiliser and pesticides than we have historically
done’Sir John Beddington
UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser 158
![Page 159: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Pros
• Independent of ground conditions
• Relatively quick
Cons
• Small payload
• Short flying time
• Accidents happen
Current uses
• Bird scaring
• Mapping/scouting
• Crop Spraying
• Monitoring field experiments
RPAs in agriculture
Slide 159
![Page 160: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
Rothamsted RPA
Slide 160
HD video camera
RGB stills/HD video camera
Thermal imaging camera
Near infrared camera
Computer waypoint control
Endurance: 10 min+Up to 50 waypoints
Manual control
![Page 161: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
• Insurance
• CAA permission to fly
• Airspace permission (>7kg)
Flying limitations
• Maximum altitude 400ft
• Maximum distance 500m from operator
• Not within 150m of a congested area
• Not within 50m of a person not under pilots control
• Operator must maintain unaided visual contact
• Suitable weather
RPA Regulations
Slide 161
![Page 162: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
UK Cereal yields 1892-2010
• Yields increased rapidly from the 1940s
• A lot of variation between years
• Yields have not increased in the last 10 years
• This pattern occurs in many European countries
• Reasons for static yields not fully understood
162
![Page 163: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
Wheat Research - Small plot field experiments
Slide 163
![Page 164: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
• Anthesis
• Hyperspectral Reflectance
• Maturity
• Height
• Lodging
• Spad
• Harvest
Phenotyping
Slide 164
![Page 165: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Need for High Throughput Phenotyping
165
5000 plots10 000 samples
200km
Date Times
Anthesis May - July 16
Hyperspectral Reflectance Apr - July 3
Maturity June - July 11
Height June 1
Lodging, SPAD 3
Total 34
170km
![Page 166: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
• Time consuming
• Lack of person power
• Skilled
• Laborious (tedious!), repetitive
• Weather dependant
Phenotyping – the problem
Slide 166
Remote sensing options:
![Page 167: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
Sony RGB camera
Optris Thermal Imaging camera
ADC Near-infrared camera
RPA Sensors
Slide 167
![Page 168: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
168
![Page 169: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
• 24 Mpixels
• Establishment/canopy cover
• Nitrogen status
• Maturity
• Height
• Lodging
RGB Camera
Slide 169
![Page 170: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
RGB Camera – Digital Surface Models
Slide 170 F. Holman, 2014
• 10 Ground Control Points• 40m altitude• Imaged every second
Estimating wheat height from DSM
![Page 171: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
• 0.11Mpixels
• 40mK sensitivity
• Stress: insect, pathogen, water
• Stomatal conductance
• Canopy architecture eg Flag leaf angle
Thermal Infra-red Camera
Slide 171
![Page 172: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
• Take-all (a root disease of wheat)
• Symptons visible early summer
• Show as lower temperature
• Often stress will show as a higher temperature, eg water stress
Disease
Slide 172
![Page 173: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
• 3.2 Mpixels
• Crop/canopy dynamics
• Nutrients status
• Various vegetation indices, e.g. NDVI, SAVI.
Hyperspectral Camera
Slide 173
Image processed to show Soil Adjusted Vegetation index. Area of poor growth shows up as reduced SAVI.
SAVI=(NIR-RED)/(NIR+RED+L)*(1+L)
![Page 174: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
• NDVI measurements in April showed a correlation with grain yield at final harvest
Establishment - NDVI
Slide 174
![Page 175: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
Yield
Slide 175
Relationship between Grain Yield and spectral reflectance Relationship between Grain Nitrogen concentration and spectral reflectance
Relationship between Grain Nitrogen uptake and spectral reflectance
![Page 176: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
Multispectral Infra-red camera
• Anthesis
• Pests (aphids)
• Disease
• Weeds
• Nutrient stratus
• Yield
• Nutrient offtake
Future sensors
Slide 176
Lidar
• detailed canopy modelling and crop architecture.
![Page 177: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
• Tec5 spectra at anthesis (8 cultivars, 3 reps, 4 N levels)
• GAI and biomass at anthesis predicted with high confidence
• Ear population correlated poorly
Phenotypic traits at anthesis, full spectrum 350-1000nm
Slide 177
![Page 178: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
• We have learnt how to fly the RPA and collect images
• We are learning how to use the data collected
• We still have much to learn about image processing and other sensor technology
• We believe the technology will save time, collect reliable data and enable more data to be collected than before
However:
• We could have too much data
• We need to fully utilize the technology and data
Conclusions
Slide 178
![Page 179: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Acknowledgements
Malcolm HawkesfordSaroj ParmorDavid Soba-HidalgoLaure BeghinMartin SuplissonBaptiste Hamon
Computing staffLinda CarltonPaul ComptonPhilip Webb
RRes Farm StaffStephen GowardChris MackayNick Chichester-Miles
Slide 179
![Page 180: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 181: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Simon NielsenCEO & Founder at Ctrl.Me Robotics
![Page 182: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
The Future of DronesI n P h o t o g r a p h y a n d C i n e m a
![Page 183: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
CINEMA DRONES
![Page 184: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
A DIFFERENT SOLUTION
• Cost
• Portability
• Reliability &
Safety
• Precision
![Page 185: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
NEW TRENDS
• Props
• Characters
• Creative Shots
• Follow Focus
• Semi Autonomous
• Longer Flight Times
![Page 186: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
DIRECTING DRONES
Drones are the new tripod Giving back control
![Page 187: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
DESIGNING FOR THE FUTURE
1 - 3 Years:
Safety
Miniaturization
Autonomy
HD 3D Streaming
3 - 10 Years:
Widespread Adoption
Camera
Power
AI
![Page 188: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 189: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
Steve RoestCEO & Co-Founder at Skycap
![Page 190: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
Anti-Poachingand
The Drone Revolution
Steve RoestShadowView – SkyCap
Drones For Good
London
25 Sep 2014SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 191: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 192: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
ShadowView
• Grew out of work with a Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
• Missions flown in 7 continents by end 2014
• First success in Namibia and Antarctica
• First to capture evidence of illegal hunting in the UK
• First ever to capture rhino poachers on thermal during live mission in Greater Kruger South Africa
• Work with a large range of local and international partners
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 193: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/193.jpg)
Equipment
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 194: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
SkyCap - ShadowView
Thermal imagery key
![Page 195: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/195.jpg)
Fixed Wing
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 196: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/196.jpg)
Rotary
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 197: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
Projects
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 198: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
Borneo
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 199: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
Borneo
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 200: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
Malawi – Kasungu National Park
• 2000 African elephants ten years ago
• Current population: 100
![Page 201: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
Provide UAV support during anti-poaching patrols
![Page 202: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 203: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/203.jpg)
South Africa – Rhino Wars
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 204: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/204.jpg)
South Africa - Greater Kruger area
• Over 900 rhino poached in the Greater Kruger Area in 2013
• ShadowView collaborate with local organisations
• UAVs help level the playing field when utilised effectively
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 205: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/205.jpg)
Questions?
SkyCap - ShadowView
![Page 206: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/206.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 207: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/207.jpg)
Peter LeeSenior Associate at Taylor Vintners LLP
![Page 208: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/208.jpg)
unmanned systems
The law
Drones4Good
![Page 209: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/209.jpg)
![Page 210: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/210.jpg)
210
Intellectual
property
Copyright
Designs rights
Software
Patents
Other IPRContracts
Who does what to whom, when and
for how much
Liability and risk
Termination
Airspace &
Airworthiness
regulationsNational AA
ANO (UK)
CAP 722 (UK)EASA Regs
Insurance
Privacy
Data protection
issues
Tortious
liability
Article 8 vs Article 10 (ECHR)
UAV
legal
issues
Flow down Export
control
Funding
Surveillance
Ethics
![Page 211: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/211.jpg)
211
@Glaciologist: if a #uavcrashes and kills you who’s responsible if it is automated?
@bway: I reckon @PeterLee000 is probably the man for that Q!...
@bway
@Glaciologist
@PeterLee000
@Glaciologist @bway my response "if a #UAV crashes and kills you who's responsible if it is automated?" http://youtu.be/Mq1ySjUkOD4 #UAV #drone
![Page 212: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/212.jpg)
212
![Page 213: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/213.jpg)
Next 5 years…
• Regulation – airspace integration
• Airworthiness
• Urban operations
• FPV flight
• Spectrum – 2.4Ghz (Ofcom)
• Data analytics
• Automation / sense and avoid
• Public perception
• Regulator prosecutions
• Privacy and data protection (ICO)
![Page 214: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/214.jpg)
![Page 215: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/215.jpg)
Peter Lee
Twitter: @PeterLee000
Blog: http://dronelaw.blogspot.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
DD: +44 (0)1223 225149
Mob: +44 (0)7969 910777
![Page 216: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/216.jpg)
Drones For Good
![Page 217: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/217.jpg)
Alexander BurwitzOperations Manager at Nitrofirex
![Page 218: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/218.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2011 Copyright © All rights reserved
![Page 219: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/219.jpg)
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
NITROFIREX
•Concept•AGC Definition•Operation Phases AGC• Possible Uses of the Concept
FOREST FIRES
• Market Analysis
• AGC Description
• Launcher Aircraft
• Operational Advantages
• Economical Advantages
• Safety & Regulations
• Conclusions
9/29/2014
![Page 220: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/220.jpg)
NITROFIREX, is a new approach in the world of the Aerial Vehicles,
which aims to develop the capacity of spraying or spreading a large
payload in a hostile, difficult or impossible to access environment
with a manned plane.
(WORLD-WIDE PATENTED CONCEPT, see back up slide nº 28)
)
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
![Page 221: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/221.jpg)
NITROFIREX’s the main elements to be used are:
“LAUNCHER AIRCRAFT” or LA
A heavy transport aircraft with a rear ramp.
“AUTONOMOUS GLIDING CONTAINERS” or AGCs
These carry the payload from the LA to the the programed release point.
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
![Page 222: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/222.jpg)
1.- LAUNCH
Initial phase of the operation in of which the AGCs are mechanically
launched from the L.A.
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
![Page 223: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/223.jpg)
2.- GLIDE and GUIDANCE
The AGCs containing the payload glide to their target and are
equipped with a guidance system which makes it fully autonomous
from the launch to the targeted release point (glided-guided bomb).
.
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
AGM-154A (JSOW)
![Page 224: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/224.jpg)
3.- DROP
Reaching their targeted release point the AGCs drop their content
automatically and with great precision.
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
![Page 225: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/225.jpg)
4.- ESCAPE MANEUVER
Then the AGCs rapidly escape from the hostile zone taking advantage
of the amount of height gained due to the big and sudden loss of
weight. This maneuver is used as a transition into the following phase
of recovery.
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
(see discussion back up slides 29/30
![Page 226: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/226.jpg)
5.- RECOVERY and LANDING
Once empty and removed of the hostile zone, the AGCs begin their
recovery phase by means of their small jet engine, recovering and landing
in the base of operation of the L.A. in a completely autonomous way
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
Recovery is performed at night, below 500’ and over non populated areas:
Air/ground SAFETY & PRIVACY are not affected
9/29/2014
![Page 227: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/227.jpg)
FORESTFIRE FIGHTING AT NIGHT
OTHER FIRES
NUCLEAR, CHEMICAL or BIOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA
DRUG PLANTATION SPRAYING
PESTS SPRAYING or SEEDING (Remote and / or inaccessible areas)
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
![Page 228: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/228.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2011 Copyright © All rights reservedNITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 9/29/2014
![Page 229: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/229.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
Current airborne firefighters are:
Slow
Manual water drops
Daytime operation
Single role aircraft
Risky operations
TECHNOLOGICAL PARADOX:
DETECTION TIME vs. REACTION TIME
CURRENT TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS
![Page 230: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/230.jpg)
• Economic loss over the last 20 years (1992-2011) 6.139 mill € (307 mill €/year)
• Average affected surface last 20 years (1993-2012) 133.288 ha/year
• Average annual fires last 20 years (1993-2012) 18.322 fires/year
• Nº of fires years 05 to 12 25.492 / 16.334 / 10.932 / 11.612 / 14.793 / 11.722 / 16.028 / 15.902
• Number fires with use of aircraft 07 / 08 / 09 / 10 2.594 / 2.702/ 4.235 / 2.963
• Average number of aircraft used in firefighting (last 5 years) +160 (74 PLANES / above 85 HEL)
DATA FROM REPORT “LOS INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 2005", Pgs 105-107 (M.M.A.)
DATA FROM REPORT “INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 2006”, Pg 102 (M.A.R.M.)
DATA FROM REPORT “INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 2007”, Pg 11 /108 (M.A.R.M.)
DATA FROM REPORT “INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 2008”, Pg 6 / 45 (M.A.R.M.)
DATA FROM REPORT “INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 2009”, Pg 10 /41 (M.A.R.M)
DATA FROM REPORT “INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 2010”. Pg 7 / 79 (M.A.R.M)
DATA FROM REPORT “INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 2011”. Pg 35 (M.A.G.R.A.M.A.)
DATA FROM REPORT “LOS INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN ESPAÑA. AÑO 1 ENE - 31 DIC 2012” (AVANCE INFORMATIVO) Pgs 47 (M.A.G.R.A.M.A.)
9/29/2014NITROFIREX 2013 Copyright © All rights reserved
Forest Fire Statistics in Spain
![Page 231: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/231.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2011 Copyright © All rights reserved
EUROPE, 4,9
RUSIA
FEDERATION,
16.0
USA, 17.2
CANADA , 21.3
AUSTRALIA,
40.6
NITROFIREX PATENTED COUNTRIES PERIOD (YEARS)AVERAGE YEARLY
BURNT AREA (HECTARES)
SPAIN: 37,1% OF EUROPE
1,8% OF TOTAL
BURNT AREA
PER REGION
![Page 232: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/232.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2011 Copyright © All rights reserved
EUROPE, 4,9
RUSIA
FEDERATION,
16.0
USA, 17.2
CANADA , 21.3
AUSTRALIA,
40.6
SPAIN: 37,1% OF EUROPE
1,8% OF TOTAL
BURNT AREA
PER REGION
ECONOMIC LOSS AIRCRAFT
1,8 %................307 M€ 1,8 %……………….160 ACFT
100 %..........17.028 M€ 100 %....................8.800 ACFT
8.500 M€ 4.000 ACFT
(1/2 Planes + 1/2 HEL)
![Page 233: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/233.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
DROMADER : 2.200 L
NITROFIREX: 2.500 ± 250 L
AIR TRACTOR: 3.100 L
CANADAIR CL-215/415: 5.500 L
AGCs TOTAL WEIGHT : 3.000 kg ( +/-250 kg) AGCs EMPTY WEIGHT : 500 KG (~20 % TOTAL WEIGHT)AGCs PAY LOAD : 2.500 (+/- 250) LITRES (48 -58 % total volume / 73 -60 % AGCs volume)
AGCs DIMENSIONS (meter): 5,00 LENGTH, 1,25 HIGH, 0,75 WIDTHAGCs VOLUME: 3,75 M³ (80 % total volume)
TOTAL VOLUME NECESSARY : 4,6875 M³
5.0 M
1,25 M
0,75 M
![Page 234: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/234.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
AIRCRAFT PAYLOAD USEFUL WATER NUMBER OF
TYPE (T.M.) LITERS AGCs
C-130 (WT) 19,4 -28,9 16.356 - 22.000 6 / 8
AN-12 20 16.500 6
A-400M 37 31.000 12
IL-76
(T / MD / TD / MF)40 /47/50/60 33.000 - 50.000 14 / 20
C-17 77,3 65.290 24
![Page 235: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/235.jpg)
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
![Page 236: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/236.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
• 24H OPERATION
• REDUCED REACTION TIMES
• HIGHER WATER DROP CAPABILITY PER OPERATION HOUR AS COMPARED TOCURRENT MEANS
• MAXIMUM WATER DROP EFFICIENCY DUE TO SEQUENTIAL DEPLOYMENT OFTHE AGCs
• MAXIMUM PRECISION OF THE WATER DROP
• MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF EXTINGUISHING AGENT AT RELEASE POINT
• UNAFFECTED BY WIND, TURBULENCE, CLOUDS AND SMOKE
• UNAFFECTED BY GEOGRAPHICAL BARRIERS
• POSSIBILITY OF ATTENDING MORE THAN ONE FIRE SIMULTANEOUSLY BIGDISPLACEMENT CAPACITY: HEAVY TRANSPORT L.A. PROVIDE THE LONGRANGE AND HIGH SPEED
• NO RISK FOR FLIGHT CREWS
• GIVES DIRECT SUPPORT TO GROUND CREWS
![Page 237: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/237.jpg)
ECONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS I
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
![Page 238: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/238.jpg)
ECONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS IIC
OS
T O
F D
RO
PP
ED
LIT
ER
S IN
FU
NC
TIO
N O
F D
IST
AN
CE
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
![Page 239: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/239.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
• MUCH HIGHER WATER DROP CAPABILITY PER FLIGHT HOUR AS COMPARED
TO CURRENT MEANS
• LOWER COST PER DROPPED LITER
• AGCs CAN BE LAUNCHED FROM MANY KINDS OF TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
• MINIMUM FLEET DEPLOYMENT
• NON EXCLUSIVE L.A. - ONE AIRCRAFT TWO MISSIONS
• BIG SAVINGS IN AMORTIZATIONS, PERSONNEL, MAINTENANCE AND
SUPPLIES.
• GREAT AVAILABILITY OF HEAVY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT WORLDWIDE TO BE
USED AS L.A.
• L.A. REQUIRE NO MODIFICATION
• TECHNOLOGIES USED ARE ALREADY DEVELOPED AND AVAILABLE
![Page 240: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/240.jpg)
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
GPWS
EMERGENCY MODE / FLIGHT ABORT:
- ONE MAN IN THE LOOP
- Automatic / Manual abort mode
- Automatic GPWS system utilization
FINAL GUIDANCE
EMERGENCY MODE
A.G.C.
RECOVERY
L.A.
![Page 241: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/241.jpg)
• TO BE A COMPLEMENT OF DAYTIME AERIAL MEANS
– NON STOP FIGHTING / H-24
• BETTER REGULATORY OPTIONS
NITROFIREX OPERATIONS DO NOT AFFECT
AIR/GROUND SAFETY AND/OR CITIZEN´S PRIVACY
- NIGHTTIME LAUNCH & APPROACH TO FIRE IS DONE IN SEGREGATED AIR SPACE UNDER L.A.
- NIGHTTIME RECOVERY IS AT VLL (500’) FROM THE FOREST FIRE TO THE OP´S BASE
- PROGRAMED TO RETURN OVER NON POPULATED AREAS
- STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR AGCs IS A PARACHUTE AND AN AIRBAG DEPLOYED IN CASE OF ENGINE FLAME OUT AND/OR ANY ANOTHER MALFUNCTION
WHY AT NIGHT?
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved 29/09/2014
![Page 242: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/242.jpg)
29/09/2014NITROFIREX 2011 Copyright © All rights reserved
CHANGE OF PHILOSOPHY
ACKNOWLEDGE THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE PROBLEM
APPROACH A NEW STRATEGY:
• NIGHT OPERATION
• NO RISKY OPERATION FOR AIRBORNE CREWS
• BIGGER DROPPING CAPACITY
• REACTION TIME REDUCTION
• SIGNIFICANT COST REDUCCTION
FACE THE TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGE
![Page 243: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/243.jpg)
NITROFIREX 2014 Copyright © All rights reserved
![Page 244: Drones for Good - The Event!](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052523/5565b458d8b42a4c6f8b4fc8/html5/thumbnails/244.jpg)
Drones For Good