dr.nagaraj hegde for alleem knowledge centre importance of dr.nagaraj hegde green business

Dr.Nagaraj Hegde for Alleem Knowledge Centre

Importance of

Dr.Nagaraj Hegde

Green Business


FOOD THE BASIC NEED OF ALL HUMAN BEING


ARE THEY REALLY SAFE ?

THEN: Apple a day keeps a Dr. awayNOW: Apple a day takes you away.

Dr.Nagaraj Hegde for Alleem Knowledge Centre 5


Things happen the way we think.

To think we need to Dream

To dream we need to be Dare

And Dare never dreams small.

Lets Dream-Big:

To make Earth Better Place to Live in.


As responsible citizens of this world , we have the following 2 options :

1. We can make the Earth still a better place to live in

OR

2. hand over Earth to our children as it is today, at least.


Choose the projects

1. Which Ensures no further deterioration of Climate.

2. Which Corrects the Negatives*.

3. Which Adds the Positives*.

* In the balance sheet of Nature( God); Actually we inherit this to our children in real sense.


Global Warming or Global Warning ?!


Global Warming

Greenhouse Effects

Energy Conservation

Issues to think on :

Food Safety & Security


Food safety and Security

Safety :

The food should contain only the molecules which can help to live on and on.

& should not contain which to come on the way of life.

Security:

Food is made available .


Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air

and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. According to

the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC), global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F)

between the start and the end of the 20th century. The climatology literature

uniformly states that most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of

the 20th century was caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases,

which results from human activity such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation.

Global warming


The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in the atmosphere are purported to warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface. The question in terms of global warming is how the strength of the presumed greenhouse effect changes when human activity increases the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 °C (59 °F). The major greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36–70 percent of the greenhouse effect; carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes 9–26 percent; methane (CH4), which causes 4–9 percent; and ozone (O3), which causes 3–7 percent. Clouds also affect the radiation balance, but they are composed of liquid water or ice and so have different effects on radiation from water vapor

Greenhouse gases

22/06/2010Dr.Nagaraj Hegde for Alleem

Knowledge Centre 14


Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radioactive forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. The concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 36% and 148% respectively . Less direct geological evidence indicates that CO2 values higher than this were last seen about 20 million years ago. Fossil fuel burning has produced about three-quarters of the increase in CO2 from human activity over the past 20 years. Most of the rest is due to land-use change, particularly deforestation.CO2 concentrations are continuing to rise due to burning of fossil fuels and land-use change. The future rate of rise will depend on uncertain economic, sociological, technological, and natural developments. Accordingly, the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios gives a wide range of future CO2 scenarios, ranging from 541 to 970 ppm by the year 2100 Fossil fuel reserves are sufficient to reach these levels and continue emissions past 2100 if coal, tar sands or methane clathrates are extensively exploited


Causes of climate change

The earth's climate is dynamic and always changing through a natural cycle. What the world is more worried about is that the changes that are occurring today have been speeded up because of man's activities. These changes are being studied by scientists all over the world who are finding evidence from tree rings, pollen samples, ice cores, and sea sediments. The causes of climate change can be divided into two categories - those that are due to natural causes and those that are created by man.

There are a number of natural factors responsible for climate change. Some of the more prominent ones are continental drift, volcanoes, ocean currents, the earth's tilt, and comets and meteorites. Let's look at them in a little detail.

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Continental driftYou may have noticed something peculiar about South America and Africa on a map of the world - don't they seem to fit into each other like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle?About 200 million years ago they were joined together! Scientists believe that back then, the earth was not as we see it today, but the continents were all part of one large landmass. Proof of this comes from the similarity between plant and animal fossils and broad belts of rocks found on the eastern coastline of South America and western coastline of Africa, which are now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean. The discovery of fossils of tropical plants (in the form of coal deposits) in Antarctica has led to the conclusion that this frozen land at some time in the past, must have been situated closer to the equator, where the climate was tropical, with swamps and plenty of lush vegetation.The continents that we are familiar with today were formed when the landmass began gradually drifting apart, millions of years back. This drift also had an impact on the climate because it changed the physical features of the landmass, their position and the position of water bodies. The separation of the landmasses changed the flow of ocean currents and winds, which affected the climate. This drift of the continents continues even today; the Himalayan range is rising by about 1 mm (millimeter) every year because the Indian land mass is moving towards the Asian land mass, slowly but steadily.



VolcanoesWhen a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapor, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. Although the volcanic activity may last only a few days, yet the large volumes of gases and ash can influence climatic patterns for years. Millions of tones of sulphur dioxide gas can reach the upper levels of the atmosphere (called the stratosphere) from a major eruption. The gases and dust particles partially block the incoming rays of the sun, leading to cooling. Sulphur dioxide combines with water to form tiny droplets of sulphuric acid. These droplets are so small that many of them can stay aloft for several years. They are efficient reflectors of sunlight, and screen the ground from some of the energy that it would ordinarily receive from the sun. Winds in the upper levels of the atmosphere, called the stratosphere, carry the aerosols rapidly around the globe in either an easterly or westerly direction. Movement of aerosols north and south is always much slower. This should give you some idea of the ways by which cooling can be brought about for a few years after a major volcanic eruption.

Mount Pinatubo, in the Philippine islands erupted in April 1991 emitting thousands of tones of gases into the atmosphere. Volcanic eruptions of this magnitude can reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, lowering temperatures in the lower levels of the atmosphere (called the troposphere), and changing atmospheric circulation patterns. The extent to which this occurs is an ongoing debate


The Earth's tiltThe earth makes one full orbit around the sun each year. It is tilted at an angle of 23.5° to the perpendicular plane of its orbital path. For one half of the year when it is summer, the northern hemisphere tilts towards the sun. In the other half when it is winter, the earth is tilted away from the sun. If there was no tilt we would not have experienced seasons. Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons - more tilt means warmer summers and colder winters; less tilt means cooler summers and milder winters.

The Earth's orbit is somewhat elliptical, which means that the distance between the earth and the Sun varies over the course of a year. We usually think of the earth's axis as being fixed, after all, it always seems to point toward Polaris (also known as the Pole Star and the North Star). Actually, it is not quite constant: the axis does move, at the rate of a little more than a half-degree each century. So Polaris has not always been, and will not always be, the star pointing to the North. When the pyramids were built, around 2500 BC, the pole was near the star Thuban (Alpha Draconic). This gradual change in the direction of the earth's axis, called precession is responsible for changes in the climate.


The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century saw the large-scale use of fossil fuels for industrial activities. These industries created jobs and over the years, people moved from rural areas to the cities. This trend is continuing even today. More and more land that was covered with vegetation has been cleared to make way for houses. Natural resources are being used extensively for construction, industries, transport, and consumption. Consumerism (our increasing want for material things) has increased by leaps and bounds, creating mountains of waste. Also, our population has increased to an incredible extent.

All this has contributed to a rise in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas supply most of the energy needed to run vehicles, generate electricity for industries, households, etc. The energy sector is responsible for about ¾ of the carbon dioxide emissions, 1/5 of the methane emissions and a large quantity of nitrous oxide. It also produces nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) which are not greenhouse gases but do have an influence on the chemical cycles in the atmosphere that produce or destroy greenhouse gases

Human causes


How we all contribute every dayi. Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our

gadgets run on electricity generated mainly from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants are run on fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants

ii. Cars, buses, and trucks are the principal ways by which goods and people are transported in most of our cities. These are run mainly on petrol or diesel, both fossil fuels.

iii. We generate large quantities of waste in the form of plastics that remain in the environment for many years and cause damage.

iv. Timber is used in large quantities for construction of houses, which means that large areas of forest have to be cut down.

v. We use a huge quantity of paper in our work at schools and in offices. Have we ever thought about the number of trees that we use in a day?


Knowledge Centre 22

The most cost effective method of reducing the gap between the demand and supply of energy in the country is the promotion of energy efficiency and its conservation. Energy conservation is the practice of reducing the amount of energy being used through decreased consumption or by the use of power efficient devices like light bulbs or air conditioners. It has been estimated that around 25,000 megawatts (MW) of capacity can be created through energy efficiency in the electricity sector alone, with the maximum potential being seen in the agriculture and industrial sectors.

Conservation of Energy decreases energy costs, bringing down the need for new power plants and energy imports to keep up with a growing population and economy. The reduction of emissions also promotes a clean environment and healthy lifestyle for citizens and is the most economical solution to energy shortages.


Knowledge Centre 23


Renewable EnergyRenewable energy is energy created from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, water, waste products and other sources that can be naturally replenished. India is fortunate to be blessed with an abundance of such sources. These sources of energy are available locally throughout the year and do not need elaborate arrangements for distribution. This makes them well suited to decentralized applications for use in remote areas. Other advantages of renewable energy sources are its environment friendliness and low operation costs.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy- External website that opens in a new window is responsible for putting into action comprehensive programs for the development and utilization of renewable energy. It is promoting many new technologies and devices that are now commercially available. These include biogas plants, solar water heaters, solar cookers, street lights, pumps, wind electric generators, water-pumping wind mills, biomass gasifiers and small hydro-electric generators. Currently, renewable sources contribute around 9 per cent of the total power installed capacity in the country. Here are some details about the types of alternative sources of energy being produced.

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I. Biogas is derived from organic products, primarily cattle dung, kitchen waste and agro forestry wastes and is used mainly in rural areas. The Government promotes the use of biogas through the National Biogas and Manure Management Program. Biogas can be used for cooking, heating, lighting, motive power in certain gas engines and generation of electricity through attached alternators. There is an estimated potential for the installation of 12 million family type biogas plants in the country. Currently, India ranks second in the world in biogas production.

II. Biomass has been used by mankind ever since the beginning of civilization and includes wood, sugarcane residues, wheat chaff and other plant matter. It is carbon neutral and has the potential to provide significant employment in rural areas. The three main biomass technologies being promoted by the Government are bagasse-based cogeneration in sugar mills, biomass power generation, and biomass gasification for thermal and electrical applications. Of late, biomass power has become an industry attracting annual investments of over Rs.1000 corers while generating more than 9 billion units of electricity per year.

III. Solar Energy - India is a sunny country with most parts receiving about 4 to 7 kilowatt hours of solar radiation per square meter per day with 250 - 300 sunny days in a year. This makes solar energy a very attractive option for generating both power and heat. The thermal route uses the heat from the sun for water heating, cooking, drying, water purification, power generation and much more. The photovoltaic route converts sunlight into electricity, which can then be used for lighting, pumping, communications and power supply in non electrified areas.


I. Energy from Wastes - Rapid industrialization, urbanization and changes in the lifestyles, which accompany the process of economic growth, give rise to generation of increasing quantities of wastes and the environmental problems of air & water pollution and climate change. In recent years, technologies have been developed that not only help in generating substantial decentralized energy from waste but also in reducing their quantity for safe disposal. There exists an estimated potential for recovery of over 3500 MW of energy from urban and industrial wastes

II. Wind Energy - India is currently the fifth largest producer of wind power in the world, after USA, Germany, Spain and China. Wind energy is used for water pumping, battery charging and large power generation. It works through a simple concept – the flowing wind rotates the blades of a turbine, which causes electricity to be produced in a generator. Up to March 2009, a total wind power capacity of 10,242 MW has been established. The Government has initiated the Wind Power Program assess wind resources, promote setting up projects and provide incentives to promote wind energy as an supplementary source of electricity in the country.

III. Small Hydro Power - Hydro power is the largest source of renewable energy for generating electricity. It is obtained from the energy of water flowing from a height, which is converted into electricity by using a turbine coupled to a generator. In India, hydro power projects with a station capacity of up to 25 megawatts (MW) are categorized as small hydro power projects. The estimated potential for power generation from such plants is about 15,000 MW, with the most prospects being seen in the Himalayan States. As Small Hydro Power Projects are economically viable, the private sector has also begun investing in them


The Government is also working to develop advanced technologies of renewable energy such as geothermal energy, ocean energy, fuel cells, bio fuels and tidal energy to satisfy future energy requirements.

The future of energy production is filled with challenges. As renewable energy is obtained from natural sources, adopting such technologies would protect our environment by reducing pollution and save the nation billions of rupees from oil imports. Thus, it is important to promote the benefits of conserving energy and adopting such 'clean' technologies through public awareness campaigns. As citizens learn and adopt energy saving behavior and technologies in their homes and businesses, the nation will also progress.

We are fortunate enough to have inherited an India with beautiful mountains, lush green country landscape and thick forests to explore. It is vital that we pass on a clean, healthy and safe environment to future generations also. Tapping of renewable sources of energy and energy conservation are two steps in the direction of ensuring energy security and bequeathing a green planet to our children


One of the basic requisites for economic development is energy. Every section of society, whether agriculture, industry, transport, businesses or households consume energy. Over the years, as the country progresses, increased amounts of energy are needed by these sectors. This growing consumption of energy has led to increasing dependence on fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas for the supply of electricity.

The resulting environmental pollution and health problems caused by the use of these fossil fuels brought about the need to develop and utilize alternative sources of clean energy. Also, the rising prices of fossil fuels and fears about future shortages in energy supply called for the creation of a sustainable path of energy development. This is best done through two avenues - the promotion of energy conservation and the use of environmentally friendly renewable sources of energy.

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Energy Solutions


Odour Free STP & ETPEnergy efficientLess carbon footingMinimum sludge


Geco Factization :

Areas of benefits from GECO-FECTIZATION are as follows. BOD & COD control. Odor control. Optical clarity. Oxidization & Precipitation of all heavy metals into oxides. Detoxification by direct oxidative of all toxins. Conversion of cyanides into biodegradable urea &

carbonates. Increasing the oxidative capacity of active sludge. Prevention of sludge bulking.


Safe & Functional

Safe: free from Toxins

Functional : Rich in Nutrition

Agriculture, Horticulture & Landscaping

dr.nagaraj hegde for alleem knowledge centre importance of dr.nagaraj hegde green business

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