drip irrigation water conservation - stfrs 09

8/6/2019 Drip Irrigation Water Conservation - STFRS 09

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Drip Irrigation

Water ConservationDotty Woodson

Extension Program Specialist Water ResourcesTexas AgriLIFE ExtensionDallas Research and Extension

Urban Solutions Center


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Growth and WaterTexas

Population Growth Water Supply


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Development Impacts

on the Water Cycle

50%

10%

15%

55%

40% 30%


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Fertilizer

Pesticides

Pathogens

Sediment

Toxic ContaminantsDebris

Thermal Stress

Increased Quantity

Decreased Quality

Greater Speed

Development Impacts

on Water Quality


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0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Population(million)

Deman

d/Supply

(millio

nac-ft)

Projected Water Supply/Demand and PopulationRegion L - South Central Texas

Demand Supply Population


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Landscape Irrigation In Texas

3.5 million acres of maintainedturfgrass in Texas

Single family households accountfor 58% (or 2.03 m ill ion acres) of

maintained turfgrass


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Water Conservation is the easiest and lesexpensive method to make our water usesustainable.

Texans use between 8 and 9 billion gallonsof water per day. The aquifers arerecharged at a rate of 4 to 5 billion gallonsper day.


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Control of Water Resources

Stock tank: exempt

Surface WaterState Owned

Permits issued by Texas Commission on

Environmental Quality

Groundwater

Rule of Capture

Local Groundwater Conservation Districts


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500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

T

h

o

u

s

an

d

s

o

f

a

c

re-f

e

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Conservation

Conservation - irrigation

Reuse

Groundwater

Surface water

Surface water - majorreservoirsConjunctive use

Desalination


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Agriculture in Victoria County

Average size of farms: 400 acres Average value of agricultural products sold per farm:

$22600 Average value of crops sold per acre: $163.11 The value of nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod:

4.41% The value of livestock, poultry, and their products: 51.97%

Harvested cropland as a percentage of land in farms:16.65% Irrigated harvested cropland: 2.93% Milk cows as a percentage of all cattle and calves: 0.07% Corn for grain: 30708 harvested acres Upland cotton: 11458 harvested acres Soybeans for beans: 12492 harvested acres

Vegetables: 83 harvested acres Land in orchards: 648 acres


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Victoria Water

Total withdrawal of fresh water for public supply:10.27 millions of gallons per day

Water Utilities: $5,480,000

Sewage: $3,654,000

Read more: http://www.city-

data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUO
http://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUO


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Victoria Water Production

Primary source is 20,000 acre feet of surface water from

the Guadalupe River. Currently this is about two timesthe amount of water that the City currently uses.

Off-channel reservoirs holding 10,000 acre feet of water

Lastly, the City of Victoria has retained the ability to use10 of its 15 historic water wells for extreme emergencies

and for peak demand periods. These wells are drilledinto the Gulf Coast Aquifer and prior to 2001 theysupplied all of the water for the Citys residents.

For more information call (361) 485-3381.


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Water Treatment


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Weather Report

Victoria, TX


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Evapotranspiration (ET)

Evapotranspiration is

the combined loss ofwater from the soiland wet surfaces due

to evaporation andplants due totranspiration

ET is an estimate ofpotential planted-area

water demand ininches


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Evapotranspiration

J F M A M J J A S O N D Total

Victoria 2.3 2.8 4.2 5.7 6.3 6.7 6.9 6.7 5.4 4.4 2.9 2.3 57.02

Rainfall

Victoria 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.9 4.9 4.8 3.1 3.1 5.4 3.7 2.5 2.3 39.17

Evapotranspiration

Victoria, TX

Resource: Http://texaset.tamu.edu


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Irrigation

Farm/Ranch

CropsFirewise Landscape

OrchardDrip

Landscape

Drip


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Furrow vs Subsurface Drip

Subsurface Drip irrigation as a Weed ManagementShrestha, J. P. Mitchell, W. T. Lanini

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 31:91-112.
http://jsa.haworthpress.com/http://jsa.haworthpress.com/


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Pivot Irrigation


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Drip Irrigation

Most Efficient Irrigation Method Is 90% efficient compared to 65% or less with

other systems Equipment is readily available and easy toinstalled

May be exempt from water restrictionsimposed during drought Reduces water loss due to evaporation Reduces runoff Reduces leaching of water and nutrients

below the root zone Saves Money


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Drip Irrigation

Orchards

Vineyards

Greenhouse

Vegetable Fields Flower Garden

Shrub Areas Groundcover Areas

Lawns


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Types of Drip Irrigation


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Types of Drip Irrigation

Soaker HosesEasy to bend around shrubby

1/2 tubingAdd emitters only where you want water

NetafimSelf flushing built-in emitters

Micro Emitters

Place where you want water Purple Pipe

Non-potable water


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Drip Irrigation Pressure

Minimum operating

pressure for a dripsystem is 15 psi -maximum is 25-30

psi Use pressure

regulator


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Water Source

Well

Pump Cistern

Pump

Municipal

Water Pressure


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Soaker Hose


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Hose Caddy


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Drip Irrigation Connections


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Backflow Preventer


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Drip Irrigation Connectors


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Drip Irrigation Materials


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Emitter Added to Line


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Placement and Wetting Pattern


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In-Line Emitters


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Irrigation Valve


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Ti


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Timers


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Irrigation Controllers


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Smart Controllers

ET

Soil Moisture


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Run Time

Emitters

Figure gallons perhour

Run for 30 minutes

Test for depth andspread

Water 6 inches deep


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Irrigation Audit

Purpose: Check Irrigation Efficiency Create an Efficient Irrigation Schedule Identify Problems with Irrigation System Potential Water Savings Potential Dollar Savings Improved Water Distribution

Increased Quality of Landscape Excellent Neighbor Relations Most Accurate Method to Determine Run Times


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Converting Existing System


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Micro Drip Irrigation


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Winter Maintenance

If freeze is expected

Disconnect fromfaucet to drain


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Rain Sensor


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Subsurface Irrigation

Soil Wetting Patterns


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Soil Wetting Patterns

CLAY LOAM SAND

Downward, pulled by gravityOutward and Upward, pulled by capillary action

Irrigation BMPs


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gat o s Water only when required.

Only judge water requirements in the morning. Water deeply to promote deep and healthy roots.

One inch of water will generally penetrate the soil to a

depth of six inches. Water slowly for better absorption. Use drip or soaker

hoses wherever possible

Never water on windy days Water late at night or early in the morning to reduce

wasteful evaporation

Maintain a 2 to 4 inch mulch layer in flower,groundcover, garden and shrub areas

Water newly planted flowers, shrubs and treesindividually

Water without creating runoff

Check irrigation system monthly


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http://www.netafim-usa-landscape.com/

www.digcorp.com http://www.rainbird.com/drip/index.htm

Resources


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Resources

http://txsmartscape.com http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/

http://urbanlandscapeguide.tamu.edu/

http://www.trwd.com/prod/index.asp http://texaset.tamu.edu/

http://turf.tamu.edu/

http://rainwaterharvesting.tamu.edu/

http://irrigation.tamu.edu/

http://earthkindroses.tamu.edu/ http://aggie-

horticulture.tamu.edu/earthkind/index.html

http://dallas.tamu.edu/


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For More InformationDotty WoodsonExtension Program Specialist- Water ResourcesTexas AgriLife Extension17360 Coit RoadDallas, Texas 75252

[email protected]

drip irrigation water conservation - stfrs 09

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