drinking water quality guidelines and standards. to protect the health of the people by assuring...
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“OUR WATER OUR FUTURE”
Drinking Water Quality Guidelines and Standards
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Why do we need to set Guidelines and Standards for
drinking water?
To protect the health of the people by assuring safe and reliable drinking water free of all contaminants
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“Rapid Increase in Pollution” “Load on Ground & Surface” “Water
Bodies of Pakistan”
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Mission
“To protect the health of the people by
assuring safe and reliable drinking water
free of all contaminants.”
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What is “Safe Drinking Water”?
Safe free from danger; secure;
not involving risk…
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What is “Safe Drinking Water”?
WHO Definition
Safe drinking water is "does not represent any significant risk to health over the life time of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages.”
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How do we know?
Drinking Water
safe unsafe
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Through Water Quality Testing
• Ensure safe drinking water
• Identify problems• Adopt precautionary
measures• Raise awareness• Determine the
effectiveness of water treatment technologies
• Select an appropriate water source
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Goal of Guidelines or Standards
Safe drinking water is a basic right to all in spite of their social and economic conditions
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What is “Guidelines”?• Guidelines are advisory in nature based on
scientific research and epidemiological findings and are not to be confused with legal standards
• Provide guidance to Govt. for protection of public health
• A guideline value represents the conc. of constituents that does not result in any significant risk to the health of the consumer over a lifetime
• Guidelines are not intended for absolute and direct application in every country
• Guidelines (WHO) are too conservative or too liberal to be applied in a particular country (may or may not suit to local conditions)
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Criteria for Formulation(WHO Guidelines)
• Carried out assessment of 128 health risks chemicals
• Out of 128, 95 health-based chemicals recommended for guidelines values
• Criteria for selection of health-based chemicals was
• The substances of potential hazard for human health
• The substances of significant exposure for human with relatively high concentrations
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What are TDS?TDS stands for total dissolved solids, and
represents the total concentration of dissolved substances in water. TDS is made
up of inorganic salts, as well as a small amount of organic matter. Common
inorganic salts that can be found in water include calcium, magnesium, potassium and
sodium, which are all cations, and carbonates, nitrates, bicarbonates, chlorides
and sulfates, which are all anions. Cations are positively charged ions and anions are
negatively charged ions.
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How do these solids end up dissolved in water?
These minerals can originate from a number of sources, both natural and as a result of human activities. Mineral springs contain water with high levels of dissolved solids,
because the water has flowed through a region where the rocks have a high salt
content. The water in the Prairie provinces tends to have high levels of dissolved solids,
because of high amounts of calcium and magnesium in the ground.
These minerals can also come from human activities. Agricultural and urban runoff can
carry excess minerals into water sources, as can wastewater discharges, industrial
wastewater and salt that is used to de-ice roads.
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What happens to the water when the TDS level is high?
Alone, a high concentration of dissolved solids is usually not a health hazard. In fact, many people buy mineral water, which has naturally elevated
levels of dissolved solids. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which is responsible for drinking water regulations in the
United States, includes TDS as a secondary standard, meaning that it is a voluntary guideline in the United States. While the United States set legal standards for many harmful substances, TDS, along
with other contaminants that cause aesthetic, cosmetic and technical effects, has only a guideline.
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Most people think of TDS as being an aesthetic factor. In a study by the World Health
Organization, a panel of tasters came to the following conclusions about the preferable
level of TDS in water:
Level of TDS (milligrams per
litre)
Rating
Less than 300 Excellent
300- 600 Good
600- 900 Fair
900 - 1,200 Poor
Above 1,200 Unacceptable
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ANY QUESTION ?
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JAZAKALLAH