drilling machine ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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DRILLING MACHINE
LECTURE PREPARED BY
Prof.r.c.panda
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Drilling Machines
Probably first mechanical device developed
Principle of rotating tool to make hole
One of most common and useful machines
in industry
Come in several types and sizes
From hand-fed to computer-controlled
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Bench Drilling Machine
Bench Drilling Machine:- The simplesttype of sensitive drilling machine is
shown in figure. This is used for light duty
drilling work. This machine is capable to
drill hole up to 12.5mm diameter.
DRILLING MACHINE
Use:- Drilling machine is used to drill blind and through
holes in work pieces.
Motor
1. Motor:- An electric motor supplies the
required driving force to stepped pulley.
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2. Column:- Column is the main
cylindrical part of drill machine on which
the other components are mounted.
Feed
Handle
3. Feed handle:- Handle is provided to
feed the drill in to the work piece. A rakeand pinion mechanism is provided to drive
the chuck.
Column
4. Base:- Base is the bottom part of
machine in which the column is fitted
upright.Base
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Work
Table
5. Work Table:- Work pieces are
mounted and held in position by thetable. This table can be tilted for
drilling at an angle.
Chuck 6. Chuck:- Chuck is provided to hold
the drill of different sizes up to 6.5
mm. Drill size of more than 6.5 mm
are to be fitted directly in the Morse
taper of spindle.
Belt
Guard
7. Belt guard:- Belt guard is provided
to cover the belt and pulley drive
mechanism to minimize the hazard of
accident.
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Pillar Drilling Machine:- This is an enlarged version of the
bench drilling machine. These drilling machines are mounted
on the floor and driven by more powerful electric motors.
They are used for heavy duty work.
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Hand drilling machine
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Sensitive drilling machine
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Sensitive type
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Upright pillar drilling machine
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Radial drilling machine
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Drill spindle assembly
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Upright drilling machine parts
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Drilling machine mechanism
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Work holding device of drilling
machine
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T-bolt,goose neck clamp,u -clamp
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Finger clamp,adjustable step
clamp,plain vice
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Universal vice,step block,v-block
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Angle plate & drill jig
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Tool holding device
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Drill Chucks
Most common devices used for holdingstraight-shank cutting tools
Most contain three jaws that movesimultaneously when outer sleeve turned
Hold straight shank of cutting tool securely
Two common types Key
Keyless
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Chucks
Hold straight-shank drills
Mounted on drill press spindle
Taper
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.
Threads
Held in spindle by self-holding
taper in larger machines
Four types of drill chucks
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Types of Drill Chucks
Key-type Most common
Three jaws move simultaneously
when outer sleeve turned Tighten with key
Keyless
Chuck loosened or tightened by
hand without key
Precision keyless
Holds smaller drills accurately
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Types of Drill Chucks
Jacobs impact keyless chuck
Hold small or large drillsaccurately using
Rubber-Flexcollets
Gripped or releasedquickly and easily by
means of built-inimpact device in chuck
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Drill Sleeves and Sockets
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Drill Sleeves
Used to adapt cuttingtool shank to machine
spindle if taper on tool issmaller than tapered hole in spindle
Drill Socket
Used when hole in spindle of drill press to smallfor taper shank of drill
Used also asextension sockets
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Drill Drift
Used to remove tapered-shank drills oraccessories from drill press spindle
Always place rounded edge up so this edgewill bear against round slot in spindle
Use hammer to tap drill drift and loosentapered drill shank
Use board or piece of masonite to protecttable
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Drill sleeve & drill socket
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Quick changer chulk
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Floating holder
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Tapping attachment
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Type of operation
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Counter boring and spot facing
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Standard Operations
Drilling
Operation of producing hole by
removing metal from solid massusing twist drill
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Countersinking
Operation of producing taperedor cone-shaped enlargement
to end of hole
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Standard Operations
Reaming
Operation of sizing and producing
smooth, round hole from previouslydrilled or bored hole
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Boring
Truing and enlarging hole by
means of single-point cutting tool
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Standard Operations
Tapping
Cutting internal threads in hole
with cutting tool called tap
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Counterboring
Enlarging top of previously
drilled hole to given depthto provide square shoulder for
head of bolt or capscrew
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Standard Operations
Spot Facing
Smoothing and squaring surface around
hole to provide seat for head of cap screw
or nut
Boring bar fitted with
double-edged cuttingtool
Pilot section on end
to fit into existing hole
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Objectives
Counterbore and countersink holes
Select and use the proper tap to
thread a hole in a drill press
Use three methods to transfer hole
locations
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Counterboring
Operation of enlarging end of hole that has
been drilled previously
Depth slightly greater than head of bolt, capscrew or pin it is to accommodate
Supplied in variety of styles
Each have pilot in end to keep tool in line withhole
Some interchangeable pilots to suit variety of holes
d
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Procedure toCounterbore a Hole
1. Set up and fasten work securely
2. Drill proper size of hole in workpiece to suit bodyof pin or screw
3. Mount correct size of counterbore in drill press
4. Set drill press speed to approximately one-quarter that used for drilling
5. Bring counterbore close to work to see that the
pilot turns freely in drilled hole6. Start machine, apply cutting fluid and
counterbore
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Countersinking
Process of enlarging top end of hole to
shape of cone to accommodate conical-
shaped heads of fasteners Head will be flush with or below surface
Countersinks available with various
included angles 60, 82, 90, 100, 110, and 120
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Countersinking
82 countersink used to enlarge top of holeso it will accommodate a flat-head machine
screw Holes to be threaded
countersunk slightlylarger than tap diameter
Speed is approximately1/4thof drilling speed
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Tapping
Performed by hand or under power with
tapping attachment
Done immediately after drilling operation Hand taps
In sets containing taper, plug, bottoming tap
Machine taps Designed to withstand torque required to
thread hole and clear chips
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Set of Hand Taps
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Taper
Plug
Bottoming
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Types of Machine Taps
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gun
Stub-flute
Spiral-flute
P d t T H l b H d i
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Procedure to Tap a Hole by Hand in aDrill Press
1. Mount work on parallels with center-
punch mark on work in line with spindle
and clamp work securely to drill presstable
2. Adjust drill press table height so drill may
be removed after hole has been drilledwithout moving table or work
3. Center drill hole location
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Tapping Attachment
Mounted in a drill press spindle to rotatetap by power
Built-in friction clutch that drives tap clockwise
when drill press spindle fed downward Reversing mechanism to back tap out of hole
Two- , three-fluted machine or gun taps
used for power Ability to clear chips
Tapping speed ranges from 60 100 r/min
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Countersunk tool
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Trepanning tool
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Drilling thread master
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Drilling is the process of cutting holes in
metals by using a drilling machine
Drills are the tools used to cut away fine shavings of material as the drilladvances in a rotational motion through the material
Twist Drills
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The twist drill is made from High SpeedSteel, tempered to give maximum
hardness throughout the parallel cuttingportion.
Flutes are incorporated to carry away the
chips of metal and the outside surface isrelieved to produce a cutting edge along theleading side of each flute.
Twist Drills
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Drill Features
The point of the drill is
ground to an angle of 59
degrees to the centre
line to give two equal
cutting edges, and eachside is ground back to
give " relief " of about 12
degrees to each cutting
edge.
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Drill Features
It is very important that
drill points are central
and that the lip
angles are equal
.and that the cutting edges are
unchipped and the clearanceangle correct.
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Whetting (sharpening) of Drill
To achieve accuracy
of drilling, the drill
bit must be sharp.The bigger drills
can be whetted
(sharpened) using
a bench grinder.
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Drill OperatingParameters
It is essential to
select the correct
cutting speed and
the feed speed.
Refer to drill tables for correct
drill bit RPM and feed speed.
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Special Type of Drill
Counterbore Drill
Used to form a flat, or
cylindrical recess to
accommodate thehead of the bolt. It is
also used to provide a
level base on the
rough surfaces fornuts and washers.
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Special Type of Drill
Countersink Drill
Used to form a
conical shaped
recess to enable acountersunk screw
or bolt to fit flush
with the surface of
the work.
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How to Use a Drill Various drill bits from
less than 1 mm
diameter to more than40 mm diameter are
available.
However, the chuck of
the general drilling
machines can use only
shaft sizes of less than
13 mm diameter (up to).
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However, for larger
drills and milling
machines, drillbits are designed
with a "Morse"
taper.
How to Use a Drill
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How to Use a Drill
1. Twist drill must be clamped in the drill chuck tightly
2. The workpiece to be drilled must be firmly securedby vice, or clamps.
3. Use the correct drilling speed and apply suitabledrilling force It is advisable to release the drilloccasionally, lift the drill, and clear the hole ofcutting.
4. Apply cutting fluid in the cutting except for drilling
Cast iron.
5. Take care, when the drill is nearly penetratedthrough the workpiece.
6. The "screw in" action can lift up the workpiece.
S f Fi
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Safety First
Always wear safety glasses!
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Do not wear gloves while drilling
DO NOT wear
gloves, jewelry,
neckties, or loose
clothing whenoperating the drillpress
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D ill i l
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Drill material
The two most common types are1. HSS drill
- Low cost
2. Carbide- tipped drills- high production and in CNC machines
Other types are
Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbidecoated masonry drills, parabolic drills, split pointdrill
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Safety
Do not support the work piece by hand usework holding device.
Use brush to clean the chip
No adjustments while the machine is operating Ensure for the cutting tools running straight
before starting the operation.
Never place tools on the drilling table
Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes.
Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work piece.
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QUESTIONS
What are the types of Drilling machine ?
What are the pare of Bency type drilling machine?
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CONCLUSION
Thus, we get the knowledge of Drilling
machine.