Drill 10/9

What were the causes of the Civil War?

The Civil War

Objective: SWBAT

Analyze the debate over slavery and the territorial issues surrounding it

Causes for the Civil War

Disputes over territorial expansion Economic / Cultural differences of the North

and South Disputes over the extent of states’ rights

All of these have something to do with slavery

Disputes over territorial expansion

1846 – The end of the Mexican War 8/8 PA Representative David Wilmot slips a

clause into spending bill– “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall

ever exist” in the lands won in the War with Mexico

The Wilmot Proviso

Significance of Wilmot

First time that abolition was attempted in congressional law

Garnered support in the northern controlled House, but died in the southern controlled Senate

The Issue with California

GOLD IN CALIFORNIA! The gold rush in 1848 cause CA’s population

to increase dramatically They soon applied for statehood Free or slave?

John C Calhoun

South Carolina Senator Pro-slavery Wants to see slavery expand

throughout new territories– “The agitation of the issue of

slavery will result … in disunion” “The South will make no concession…”

Secretary of State Daniel Webster

Felt that slavery should not be extended to the new territories

Upon hearing Calhoun’s threat he courts Henry Clay

Clay will do it again

Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay’s work– CA is a free state– Texas-Mexico border is settled, TX receives $10

million– The slave trade is outlawed in DC– Stricter Fugitive Slave laws– Utah and New Mexico decide themselves on

slavery

CW: Popular Sovereignty

Popular Sovereignty– The idea that the individual territories will decide

their laws regarding slavery

The Kansas-Nebraska act will be based on this principle

Complete the reading and questions

Drill 10/10

Define/ Identify the following– John C Calhoun– Popular Sovereignty

Objective: SWBAT

Analyze the debate over popular sovereignty in Kansas and how the slavery debate impacted it

The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska

Opened up new lands to official settlement Provided an opportunity for a proposed

transcontinental railroad Created by Illinois Senator Stephen A

Douglas

Reaction

Democrats loved it– ESPECIALLY southern democrats

Northern Whigs hated it And a new minor party

– The Republicans– Hated the bill

The fight over slavery

Neighboring MO and slave-holding settlers enter Kansas and establish pro-slave settlements

New England abolitionists come to Kansas as well– Organizations like the Massachusetts Emigrant

Aid company mobilized thousands of New Englanders

Henry Ward Beecher

Abolitionist preacher Vocal support of a free

Kansas Began ARMING northern

settlers – Rifles for a time became

known as “Beecher Bibles”

“Border Ruffians”

Upon hearing rumors of 30 thousand NE’ers coming into Kansas MO slavers acted

Thousands of armed people poured over the border to steal an election for one pro-slavery delegate

There were fewer than 3,000 people in Kansas – but somehow over 6,000 votes were cast– Slavery won

Open war

Pro-slavery forces had won the “official” government– Lecompton

Anti-slavery forces would create their own government– Topeka

President Franklin Pierce said that the Topeka government was in rebellion

Open war

Pro-slavery/ Anti-slavery forces would clash over the next months

Only 55 deaths Massive amounts of property damage 1859, violence ends – just in time for the civil

war

Drill 10/20

Explain the conflict in Kansas that would become know as “Bleeding Kansas.”

Objective: SWBAT

Analyze immediate causes of the American Civil War

Causes for the Civil War

Disputes over territorial expansion Economic / Cultural differences of the North

and South Disputes over the extent of states’ rights

All of these have something to do with slavery

North/ South Culture

All were predominately Protestant All had similar educational standards All read the same books All listened to the same speakers

– Where was the cultural divide?

The Southern Gentleman

Land-Owning Educated Abhorred factories Pastoral way of life

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

First appeared as a 40-week serial in the Abolitionist newspaper National Era

Published in book form in March,1852– Sold over 300,000 copies in the first year– The most popular book of the 19th century

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Dominated by one real theme– Slavery is immoral and a sin

North and South read it– It charged the abolitionists in the North– It made the Southern slave-owners nervous

Stowe’s novel becomes the inspiration of “Tom Shows” popular in the south

– This may have been the origin of many African American stereotypes

– Stowe had no control over these

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Between ‘52 and the war “Anti-Tom” books are published

These books were produced by predominately Southern authors that were meant to be a direct response to Stowe’s views of Slavery

The Sword and the Distaff, Aunt Phil’s Cabin, The Planter’s Northern Bride

CW/HW

Begin working on the Guided Reading for CH4.1 today.

If you finish, no homework tonight! This will serve as a review of the material we

covered before the short-week last week.

Drill 10/21

Identify the following:– Harriet Beecher Stowe– Dredd Scott v Sandford

Drill 10/21

Harriet Beecher Stowe– Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin– Best selling novel of 1800’s– Fervently anti-slavery

Dredd Scott v Sandford

Scott was a slave Owner was an Army Doctor (John Emerson) who did

a lot of traveling In their travels they spent extended time in free

territories Emerson and his wife (Sandford) moved to Iowa, left

Scott and his family in St. Louis He attempted to buy his freedom, Sandford refused

The ruling

Speaking for the majority Justice Taney (of MD) That the federal government had no authority to

declare one state free and another slave– Nullifying the MO Compromise

Slavery held even after moving into a free state– Upholding the Fugitive Slave Laws

Descendants of slaves born in free states are STILL the property of the owner

Objective: SWBAT

Analyze the “free-soil” movement and the second republican party

Identify the states that seceded from the Union in 1861

The Free Soil Movement

The Free Soilers begin in 1848 SOLE PLATFORM POINT

– Stopping the expansion of slavery in the new territories

– They felt that slavery in the SE was too entrenched and would either survive or die on its own

– BUT they could stop it from expanding

Rise of the Republican Party

After unsuccessful Presidential runs the Free Soilers and the increasingly defunct Whig party joined forces

They would become the second Republican party– The Republican party we know today

Their major platform point would remain the same

The Rise of Lincoln

Illinois lawyer Free-Soiler Abolitionist tendencies Would run un-successful

senate campaigns against Stephen Douglas

Ran as Republican President in 1860

The four way race of 1860

Drill 10/23

How are the Free-Soilers and The Second Republican party related?

Objective: SWBAT

Identify the origins of the Confederate States of America

Identify the chronological order of events at the beginning of the Civil War

The four way race of 1860

Brief Timeline

November 4, 1860– Lincoln Elected

December 20– SC secedes

Jan. 9,10, 11, 1861– MS, FL, AL secede

Jan. 19, 26– GA, LA

Feb 1– TX

All of these states secede with a formal declaration before Lincoln officially takes office

Buchanan does nothing

Brief Timeline

April 12, 1861– Attack on Ft. Sumter– April 15 – Lincoln calls for a draft

May 6– AK secedes

May 20, 23– NC, VA secede

June 8– TN secede

Originally many of these states secede not to officially join the Confederacy but to remain neutral

But they eventually join up.

Was it over slavery?

Alexander Stephens"cornerstone" of the new government "rest[ed] upon the great truth

that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery—subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition.”

“This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth".

The Confederate Government

Three branches Two houses of Congress President

– Limited to one six-year term

Provision protecting slavery– Congress could pass no law abridging the “right”

CW - Chronology

The beginnings of the Civil War come fast and furious.

From the short reading, place the events in order on the timeline below.

Drill 10/27

Identify the states that made up the Confederacy

Drill 10/27

SC, AL, MS, LA, FL, AR, GA, TX, TN, NC, VA

Objective: SWBAT

Identify key events at the dawn of the Civil War

Analyze the political effects of the Emancipation Proclamation

April 19, 1861

First bloodshed of the Civil War Baltimore, Maryland The Pratt Street Riots

The Pratt Street Riots

The week before (4/12) The SC militia attacked Fort Sumter

Lincoln called for a draft, and the states of VA, NC and TN seceded

Lincoln called for more troops to guard Washington DC

The Pratt ST Riots

Members of the 6th Massachusetts got off the train at President Street

Had to march up Pratt to pick up Camden Station (Camden Yards today)

Baltimore was a divided town, Confederate sympathizers lined the streets and harassed the troops

Throwing bottles and bricks and clubs

Suddenly someone opened fire and a riot ensuedSuddenly someone opened fire and a riot ensued

Giant brawl between the army, civilians and policeGiant brawl between the army, civilians and police

12 civilians dead, 4 soldiers 12 civilians dead, 4 soldiers

The Battle of Bull Run (7/21/1861)

First real battle of the war Manassas, VA

– Just outside of DC

An embarrassing Union defeat Union soldiers were under-trained and un-

prepared Their retreat was disorganized and chaotic

Aftermath

Union– 400+ dead, 1,300+ capture or missing

Confederate– 360+ dead, 13 captured or dead

After the failure at Bull Run the South is galvanized, further victories would cause them to start looking for outside help