dragonfly monitoring

7/29/2019 Dragonfly Monitoring

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DRAGONFLY

MONITORINGI.O.S.(ILLINOIS ODONATE

SURVEY)


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WHY DRAGONFLIES

Charismatic mesofauna

Easy to see

Colorful

Inspire

Gateway species

Indicators

Water quality

Human impacts


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Dragonfly

Damselfly


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DragonflyDamselfly


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HEAD THORAX

ABDOMEN


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34

5 6 78

910


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DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES

Abdominal Segments

Cerci

Claspers

Terminal Appendages

S1 S2S3 S4

S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10

Thoracic Stripe

Shoulder Stripe

Stigma

Wing Tips

BandSpot

Bar

Base

Base

Nodus

Nodus

SpotPatch


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INSECT ORDERS

Ephemeroptera

Odonata

Plecoptera

Orthoptera Phasmida

Dictyoptera

Dermaptera Isoptera

Anoplura

Thysanoptera

Hemiptera

Homoptera

Neuroptera

Coleoptera

Trichoptera

Lepidoptera

Hymenoptera

Diptera


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TERMINALAPPENDAGES


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Ron Vargason


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Mike Reese, www.wisconsinbutterflies.org


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Mike Reese, www.wisconsinbutterflies.org


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LARVAL HABITAT

wetlands (marsh, bog, swamp)

rivers (large, small, muddy, clear, soft,rocky, sandy, sunny, shady)

lakes (large, small, weedy, muddy, clear,soft, rocky, sandy)

temporary pools / wetlands

seeps and springs

road / drainage ditches


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Odonates

spend up

to sevenyears

beneath

thewater, as a

larvae.


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Randy Schietzelt


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Odonates spend roughly one month as an adult.

Mark Donnelly


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Glenn Hanson


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Vic Berardi


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WHY COUNT


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WHY COUNT

THEM?

Jean Golec


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SPECIES OF LIVING THINGS IN

ILLINOIS

Native Species EndangeredPlants 2572 264

Mussels 78 16

Crayfish 23 4

Fish 187 18

Amphibians 39 4

Reptiles 59 8

Birds 297 23

Mammals 67 5

Insects 17,000 7


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EVOLUTION

Dragonflies belong to the order Odonata

They evolved approximately 300 mya

They are closely related to the order Ephemeroptera

Largest of these had a 2 and half foot wingspan Meganeuropsis

permiana, and is the largest insect that ever lived


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LARGEST DRAGONFLIESMegaloprepus coerulatus

Petaluraingentissima

Meganeuropsis permiana


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ECOLOGY

Egg in or near water

Nymph (aquatic) Large part of lifespan

Adult ( Aerial) Couple weeks to a few months

Predatory and sometimes canablistic


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BIOLOGY

Comprised of three suborders, Zygoptera (damselflies),Anisoptera (dragonflies) and Aniszygoptera (has features of both)

Undergoes incomplete metamorphosis

Nymph stage is aquatic, breathing through gills

Nymph stage can last from 1 to 5 yearsAdult stage typically lasts 3 to 5 weeks


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PARTNERS

You

FPD Cook, Dupage, Will, Lake

Chicago Park District

Notebaert Nature Museum Lake Katherien Nature Center & Botanic Gardens

Migratory Dragonfly


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IOS

Gareth Blakesley

Craig Stettner

Matt Eyles

Anja

Bethany

Doug Taron

Doug Kman

John Legge

Sandra MicNicholas


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ILLINOIS

99 species of dragonfly

43 species of damselfly

US 316 dragonflies

131 damselflies


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DATA MANIPULATION

Trend manipulation of data

Averages

7 years of data takes some sifting through


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DATA SUMMARIES

Damselfly

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

No of visits 202 138 128 201

Total Count 2741 5118 5491 13251 13793 13479 11452

Average 14 37 43 66

Dragonfly

number of visits 72 186 128 130 250 263 311 228

Total Count 10855 4952 5621 15888 16184 14455 15076

Average 58 39 43.2 64 62 47 66.1

Next stepsFill in the blanks, get 2011 and 2012 up to grade

Correlate with average temperature and then rainfall those seasons


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PROTOCOL REVIEW

Defined walk

Repeat up to 6 times a season

Record temp, cloud conditions, wind condition

Species as you see them, allocating 1 mark per species

Walk steady pace, do not wait for to long

A modified pollard transect

Record what you know


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Dragonfly Field Form

Site: ________________________________ Date:

Monitors: ____________________________ Time: to _________

Temperature: _______ Wind Conditions (circle one): STILL ; WINDY

Sky (circle one): CLEAR (20% clouds)

Amount

darner, Canada (A. canadensis)

darner, comet (A. longipes)

darner, common green (A. junius)

darner, cyrano (N. pentacantha)

darner, fawn (B. vinosa)

darner, green-striped (A.verticalis)

darner, lance-tipped (A.constricta)

darner, mottled (A. clepsudra)

darner, shadow (A. umbrosa)

darner, spatterdock (A. mutate)

darner, springtime (B. janata)

darner, swamp (E. heros)

UNKNOWN DARNER

clubtail, arrow (S. spiniceps)

clubtail, cobra (G. v astus)

clubtail, dusky (G. spicatus)

clubtail, elusive (S. notatus)

clubtail, horned (A. cornutus)

clubtail, jade (A. submedianus)

clubtail, lancet (G. exilis)

clubtail, lilypad (A. furcifer)

clubtail, midland (G. fraternas)

clubtail, plains (G. externus)

clubtail, pronghorn (G. plagiatus)

clubtail, rapids (G. quadricolor)

clubtail, riverine (S. amnicola)

clubtail, russett-tipped (S.plagiatrus)

clubtail, unicorn (G. cornutus)

ringtail, eastern (E. designatus)

sanddragon, common (P.obscurus)

snaketail, rusty (O. rupinsulensis)

spinyleg, black-shouldered (D.spinosus)

spinyleg, flag-tailed (D. spoliatus)

UNKNOWN CLUBTAIL

river cruiser, Illinois (M.

illinoiensis)

river cruiser, royal (M. taeniolata))

UNKNOWN RIVER CRUISER

spiketail, arrowhead (C. oblique)

spiketail, delta-spotted (C.

diatatops)

baskettail, common (E. cynosura)

baskettail, prince (E. princeps)

baskettail, slender (E. costalis)

baskettail, spiny (E. spinigera)

UNKNOWN BASKETTAIL

emerald, Hine's (S. hineana)

emerald, mocha (S. linearis)

emerald, American (D. liberia)

UNKNOWN EMERALD

amberwing, eastern (P. tenera)

dasher, blue (P. longipennis)

glider, spot-winged (P. hymenaea)

glider, wandering (P. flavescens)

meadowhawk, autumn (S. vicinum)

meadowhawk, band-winged (S.

semicinctum)

meadowhawk, black (S. danae)

meadowhawk, blue-faced (S.

ambiguum)

meadowhawk, cherry-faced (S.

internum)

meadowhawk, ruby (S.

rubicundulum)

meadowhawk, saffron-winged S.

costiferum)

meadowhawk, variegated (S.

corruptum)

meadowhawk, white-faced (S.

obstrusum)

UNKNOWN MEADOWHAWK

pennant, calico (C. elisa)

pennant, Halloween (C. eponina)

pondhawk, common (E. simpicolis)

saddlebags, black (T. lacerata)

saddlebags, Carolina (T. carolina)

saddlebags, red-mantled (T. onusta)

skimmer, elfin (N. bella)

skimmer, four-spotted (L.

quadrimaculata)

skimmer, great blue (L. vibrans) skimmer, painted (L. semifasciata)

skimmer, slaty (L. incesta)

skimmer, spangled (L. cyanea)

skimmer, twelve-spotted (L.

pulchella)

skimmer, widow (L. luctuosa)

whiteface, dot-tailed (L. intacta)

whitetail, common (L. lydia)

UNKNOWN DRAGONFLY


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DRAGONFLY IDENTIFICATION

Aeshnidae Large dragonfly, wings are clear and eyesconnect in a seam on the top of the head

Gomphidae Medium sized dragonflies, wings clear, eyes are

widely separate. End of the abdomen is flared into a club

Cordulgastridae Large dragonfly, eyes meet at a point on top of the head

Macromiidae Green eyes, single yellow stripe across the thorax,

eyes connect in a seam on top of head

Corduliidae Bright green eyes connect in a seam, does not have singular

stripe across thorax, foot on wing lacks well developed

toe

Libellulidae Eyes meet in a seam, foot has well developed toe, colorful

23 COMMON DRAGONFLIES IN


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23 COMMON DRAGONFLIES IN

CHICAGO REGION BASED UPON OUR

DATA Common Green Darner Lance Tipped Darner

Swamp Darner

Jade Clubtail

Unicorn Clubtail

Common baskettail

Prince Baskettail

Calico Pennant

Halloween Pennant

Black Sadlebags Red Saddlebags

Common Pondhawk

12 Spotted Skimmer Widow Skimmer

Dot Tailed Whiteface

Common Whitetail

Eastern Amberwing

Blue Dasher

Wandering Glider

Autumn(yellow leggedmeadowhawk)

Band winged Meadowhawk

Ruby Meadowhawk

Whiteface Meadowhawk


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BLUE DASHER


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PONDHAWK


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EASTERN AMBERWING

TWELVE SPOTTED


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TWELVE SPOTTED

SKIMMER

WIDOW

SKIMMER

COMMON WHITETAIL

DOT TAILED WHITEFACE


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DOT TAILED WHITEFACE

PRINCE BASKETTAIL


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JADE CLUBTAIL


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JADE CLUBTAIL


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UNICORNCLUBTAIL

JADE

CLUBTAIL


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unicorn

jade

BLACK SADDLEBAGS(TRAMEA LACERATA)


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Mike Reese, www.wisconsinbutterflies.org,

WANDERING GLIDER(PANTALA FLAVESCENS)


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Mike Reese, www.wisconsinbutterflies.org,

SPOT-WINGED GLIDER(PANTALA HYMENAEA)


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COMMON GREENDARNER


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Swamp Darner


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lance-tipped darner (Aeshna constricta)


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DAMSELFLY IDENTIFICATION

Calopterygidae Large damselflies, wings have colorationand are often broad, flight is butterfly like,perch horizontally associated with streamsand rivers

Lestidae Wings are clear and are held partially openwhen perched. Often metallic withpruinosity on tip of abdomen, eyes are often bluein males

Coenagrionidae Wings are also clear, wings are closedwhen perched have short stigmas.Eyespots can be useful in identification,

common.

25 COMMON SPECIES OF DAMSELFLY


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25 COMMON SPECIES OF DAMSELFLY

IN THE CHICAGO REGION

Azure bluet

Double striped

bluet

Familiar bluet

Stream bluet Marsh bluet

Orange bluet

Rainbow bluet

Skimming bluet Slender bluet

Blue Fronted

dancer

Blue Ringed

dancer

Blue Tippeddancer

Powdered dancer

Variable dancer

Eastern Forktail

Fragile Forktail

Ebony Jewelwing

American Rubyspot

Sedge Sprite

Common Spreadwing

Elegant Spreadwing

Emerald Spreadwing

Lyre TippedSpreadwing

Slender Spreadwing

Sweetflag Spreadwing

BROADWINGS


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BROADWINGS

CALOPTERYGIDAE

Jewelwings

Rubyspots

SPREADWINGS


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SPREADWINGS

LESTIDAE

GREAT SPREADWING (ARCHILESTES GRANDIS)


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DANCERS


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violet

powdered

blue-fronted


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BLUET TYPES

Mostly black

Mostly blue

Mixture


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familiar

marsh?river

double-striped

Hagens?


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NON BLUE BLUETS


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rainbow

orange

vesper

orange

vesper

rainbow


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FORKTAILS

Very common


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EASTERN FORKTAIL

(Ischnura verticalis)

FRAGILE FORKTAIL

( h i )


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(Ischnura posita)


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citrine forktail(Ischnura hastata)


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SPRITES

SEDGE SPRITE (Nehalennia irene)

SPECIES OF CONCERN/WATCH LIST


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SPECIES OF CONCERN/WATCH LIST

Hines Emerald

Elfin Skimmer

Blue Faced Meadowhawk

Black Meadowhawk

Spiketails

HINES EMERALD


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HINES EMERALD


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ELFIN SKIMMER


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ARROWHEADSPIKETAIL


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BLUE-FACED

MEADOWHAWK

BLACK MEADOWHAWK

IDENTIFICATION


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IDENTIFICATION

Damselfly or dragonfly?

What family?

What genus?What location?

What species?

Dragonfly

Skimmer Clubtail Darner Emerald Petal tail Spiketail Cruisers


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Skimmer Clubtail Darner Emerald Petal tail Spiketail Cruisers

Amberwing Ringtail Green Racket tailed Tachopteryx Cordulegaster Stream

Elfin skimmer Sandragon Fawn Striped River

Dragonlet Spinylegs Springtime Shadowdrago

ns

Saddlebags Dragonhunter Blue Baskettails

Meadowhawk

s

Snaketail Cyrano

Pennants Least Clubtail Swamp

Gliders Pond

Dashers Hanging

Whitefaces Common

Pondhawks

CommonSimmers


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Damselfly

Spreadwings Broadwings Pond Damsels

Spreadwings Jewelwings Dancers

Rubyspots Red damsels

Eurasian bluets

American bluets

Forktails

Sprites


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RESOURCES

www.Illinoisodes.com

Facebook

Books

Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East

Dennis PaulsonDragonflies and Damselflies of North East Ohio, 2nd edition

Dragonflies of Indiana

Beginners guide to dragonflies

Dragonflies of the NorthwoodsDamselflies of the Northwoods

dragonfly monitoring

Documents