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DRAFT

TENNYSON STREET

ANGLED PARKING ANALYSIS

Prepared for:

City and County of Denver Department of Public Works, Engineering Division Traffic Engineering Services – Parking Operations

201 W. Colfax Avenue, Department 508 Denver, CO 80202

Prepared by:

Felsburg Holt & Ullevig 6300 South Syracuse Way, Suite 600

Centennial, CO 80111 303/721-1440

Project Manager: Jeffrey Ream, PE, PTOE

Project Engineer: Ryan Germeroth, PE

FHU Reference No. 09-038-03 October 2009

Tennyson Street Angled Parking Analysis

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

I. INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

II. EXISTING CONDITIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

III. ANGLED PARKING ANALYSIS------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Option 1: Angled Parking Using Existing Roadway Width---------------------------------------- 6 Option 2: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway ------------------------------------------ 8 Option 3: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other ------------10 Option 4: Angled Parking with 41st and 42nd Avenue designated as one-way streets ----13 Option 5: Higher Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other --15

IV. STUDY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -----------------------------------------18


LIST OF FIGURES Page

Figure 1. Existing Conditions-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Figure 2. Option 1: Angled Parking Using Existing Road Width ----------------------------------- 7 Figure 3. Option 2: Angled Parking on One Side and Widened Road---------------------------- 9 Figure 4. Widened Road with Angled Parking on One Side, Parallel on the Other ----------11 Figure 5. Park Intrusion into Chavez Park with Minimum-Depth Angled Parking ------------12 Figure 6. Parking Conditions with Angled and Parallel Parking and One Way

Streets-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Figure 7. Widened Road with Higher-Angle Parking on One Side, Parallel on the

Other-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 Figure 8. Park Intrusion into Chavez Park with Higher-Angle Parking --------------------------17 LIST OF TABLES

Page Table 1. Existing Parking Conditions Near Caesar Chavez Park--------------------------------- 4 Table 2. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking and Existing Road Width------------------- 6 Table 3. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Widened Roads ------- 8 Table 4. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Parallel on the

Other-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Table 5. Parking Conditions with Angled and Parallel Parking and One Way

Streets-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Table 6. Parking Conditions with High-Angle Parking Along the Park and Parallel

on the Opposite Side ----------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Table 7. Roadway Widening and Net Change in Spaces for Each Scenario-----------------18


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I. INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the feasibility study of providing angled parking in the vicinity of Caesar Chavez Park in the Tennyson Business District. Specifically, the study explored whether angled parking can be provided on Tennyson Street along the east side of the park, on 41st Avenue along the south side of the park, along Utica on the west side of the park and on the south side of 42nd Street east of Tennyson, opposite the park. Five potential angled parking options were explored for those blocks:

• Option 1: Layout angled parking using the existing curb-to-curb width on each road, determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area, and determine if the resulting road section provides sufficient through lane widths.

• Option 2: Layout angled parking using the minimum roadway width for parking on one

side of the street only, determine the amount of intrusion into the pedestrian area (i.e., sidewalk and tree lawn) required to provide this width, and determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area.

• Option 3: Layout angled parking using the minimum roadway width for parking on both

sides of the street (angled on one side, parallel on the other), determine the amount of intrusion into the pedestrian area required to provide this width, and determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area.

• Option 4: Layout angled parking using the using the existing curb-to-curb width on each

road with 41st Avenue and 42nd Avenue designated as one-way streets, determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area, and determine if the resulting road section provides sufficient through lane widths.

• Option 5: Maximize the number of additional parking spaces provided by using a higher

parking space angle (45 degrees) on all three sides of the park, and parallel parking on the opposite sides of the street, determine the amount of intrusion into the park required to provide this configuration, and determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area.

The study also examined how many additional parking spaces would be provided by removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41st and 42nd Avenues under the current parallel configuration and under the angled parking configuration.


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II. EXISTING CONDITIONS Figure 1 shows existing parking conditions in the vicinity of Caesar Chavez Park and Table 1 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane and total road width, along with the total number of parking spaces along each block face. The study area not only includes the blocks where angled parking would be provided but also includes the adjacent blocks, since it is necessary to remove some parking on those blocks to shift the travel lanes away from the angled parking. As indicated, there are currently 210 parking spaces along the block faces that would be impacted by the change to angled parking. It should also be noted that the current through lane widths on Utica, 41st and 42nd Avenues are less than the 11-foot minimum, but since these are both low volume, low speed local roadways there does not appear to be any compelling reason to widen them. By removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41st and 42nd Avenues, two additional parking spaces could be provided on the west (park) side of the street and three on the east. Table 1. Existing Parking Conditions Near Caesar Chavez Park

Parking Lane Location From To Type Width

Thru Lane Width

Roadway Width

Parking Spaces

43rd Caesar Chavez Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 Park 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 161 Tennyson Southbound 41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 18 41st 42nd Parallel 7' 11' 36' 172 Tennyson Northbound 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 36' 18

Tennyson Utica Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41st Westbound Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' 34' 20 Utica Northbound 41st Park 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 18 Utica Southbound Park 41st 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 18

Tennyson Stuart 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 10 42nd Eastbound Stuart Raleigh 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 10 42nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 20

Total Spaces 210 1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add two additional spaces to the total. 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the total.


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III. ANGLED PARKING ANALYSIS Option 1: Angled Parking Using Existing Roadway Width Figure 2 shows the angled parking layout using the existing roadway widths and Table 2 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition. As indicated, while there would be five more spaces available along the park, the loss of parking in the transition blocks and on the opposite side of the streets means the angled parking layout would provide only 125 total spaces, or 85 less than the existing parallel configuration. Furthermore, a minimum travel lane width of 11 feet is required where angled parking is provided so vehicles have room to back out of the parking spaces, but none of the four roads are wide enough to provide that width (they are highlighted on the table), so it would not be possible to create angled parking using the existing roadways. It should also be noted that removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41st and 42nd Avenues would provide enough room for three additional angled parking spaces on the west (park) side of the street. Table 2. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking and Existing Road Width


Thru Lane Width

Roadway Width

Parking Spaces

43rd Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4

Park 41st Angled 16' 10' 36' 191 (+3 spaces) Tennyson Southbound

41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19

39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 15 (-3 spaces)

41st 42nd None 0 11' 36' 0 (-17 spaces) Tennyson Northbound

42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 36' 8 (-10 spaces)

Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 10' 34' 11 41st Westbound Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 10

(-1 space)

41st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' 34' 2 (-18 spaces)

Utica Northbound 41st Park Angled 14' 8' 30' 16 (-2 spaces)

Utica Southbound Park 41st Parallel 0 8' 30' 0 (-18 spaces)

Tennyson Stuart Angled 14' 8' 30' 8 (-2 spaces) 42nd Eastbound

Stuart Raleigh 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 10

42nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 3 (-17 spaces)

Total Spaces 125 (-85 spaces)

1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (22 total). Highlight indicates insufficient thru lane width to allow vehicles to safely back out of angled spaces.


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Option 2: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway Figure 3 shows the angled parking layout when the roadways are widened to the minimum required width, while Table 3 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition. As with Option 1, the layout would only provide 129 total spaces, or 81 less than existing parallel configuration, so the change would result in a significant loss of parking in the business district. Furthermore, to provide the required road width, the five-foot wide tree lawns along the east and south sides of park would need to be narrowed by between two and three feet, which would leave an area that is too narrow for any foliage, and the north tree lawn on 42nd Avenue would need to be removed altogether. Widening Utica would require removing 6 feet of the 8.5-foot tree lawn along that side of the park, as well. As noted previously, removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41st and 42nd Avenues would provide enough room for three additional angled parking spaces on the west (park) side of the street. Table 3. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Widened Roads


Thru Lane Width

Roadway Width

Parking Spaces

43rd C.C. Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4

C.C. Park 41st Angled 16' 4" 11' 38' 4" (+2’ 4”)

191 (+3 spaces) Tennyson Southbound

41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19

39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 15 (-3 spaces)

41st 42nd None 0 11' 0 (-17 spaces) Tennyson Northbound

42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11'

See above

8 (-10 spaces)

Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 11' 36' (+2’) 11

41st Westbound Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 10

(-1 space)

41st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' See above 2 (-18 spaces)

Utica Northbound 41st Park Angled 14 11' 38' (+6’)

20 (+2 spaces)

Utica Southbound Park 41st Parallel 0 11' See above 0 (-18 spaces)

Tennyson Stuart Angled 14' 11' 36' (+6’)

8 (-2 spaces) 42nd Eastbound

Stuart Raleigh 15’ parking/travel lane 30'-36’ (+0’ to 6’) 10

42nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15’ parking/travel lane See above 3 (-17 spaces)


1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (22 total).


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Option 3: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other Figure 4 shows the angled parking layout when the roadways are widened to provide the minimum width required for angled parking along all three sides of the park and maintain the parallel parking on the opposite side. Table 4 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition and indicates that 213 total spaces are provided with parking on both sides of the road, which is only three more space than under the existing parallel configuration. This occurs because the spaces gained by providing angled parking is off-set by those lost in the set-back areas at the midblock crosswalk on Tennyson and on either end of each block. Furthermore, to provide the required road width, the tree lawns along the east and south sides of the park would need to be removed and the sidewalk narrowed to five feet; the tree lawn, sidewalk and three feet of the park would need to be removed along Utica; and the tree lawns on both sides of 42nd Avenue would need to be removed. Figure 5 shows how this intrusion would affect the park. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson would provide enough room for three additional angled parking spaces on the west side of the street and three more parallel spaces on the east side (six total). Table 4. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Parallel on the Other


Thru Lane Width

Roadway Width

Parking Spaces


C.C. Park 41st Angled 16-'4" 11' 46' 4" (+10’ 4”)


41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 18 41st 42nd None 0 11' 172 Tennyson Northbound 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11'

See above 18

Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 10' 44' (+10’) 11 41st Westbound

Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' See above 20

Utica Northbound 41st Park Angled 14’ 11' 45' (+15’)

20 (+2 spaces)

Utica Southbound Park 41st Parallel 7’ 11' See above 18



Stuart Raleigh 15’ parking/travel lane 30'-44’ (+0-16’) 10

42nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15’ parking/travel lane See above 20

Total Spaces 213 (+3 spaces)

1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (22 total). 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (20 total).


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Option 4: Angled Parking with 41st and 42nd Avenue designated as one-way streets Figure 5 shows the angled parking layout using the existing curb-to-curb width on 41st and 42nd Avenues when the roadways are designated as one-way streets. 43rd Avenue north of the park would serve as 41st Avenue’s one way couplet and 41st Avenue one block south on the east side of Tennyson would serve as 42nd Avenue’s one-way couplet. Utica would retain parallel parking on both sides of the street under this scenario to preserve the current roadway width there. Tennyson was not analyzed as a one-way street because there is no logical, nearby north-south street in the area that could serve as it’s one-way couplet. Table 5 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition and indicates that 200 total spaces are provided, which is 10 less than under the existing parallel configuration because 42nd Avenue is not wide enough to provide parallel parking on the north side opposite the angled spaces. Furthermore, there would be no net increase in spaces along the park because the angled configuration along 41st Avenue provides the same number of spaces as the current parallel configuration. As with existing conditions, removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson would provide enough room for three additional parallel spaces on the west side of the street and three more parallel spaces on the east side (six total). Table 5. Parking Conditions with Angled and Parallel Parking and One Way Streets


Thru Lane Width

Roadway Width

Parking Spaces

43rd C.C. Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 C.C. Park 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 161 Tennyson Southbound

41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 18 41st 42nd None 0 11' 172 Tennyson Northbound 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11'

See above 18

Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 12' 34’ 11 41st North Side Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41st South Side Vrain Tennyson Parallel 8' 12' 34’ 20 Utica Northbound 41st Park 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 18 Utica Southbound Park 41st 15’ parking/travel lane 30' 18

Tennyson Stuart Angled 16' 14' 30’ 10 42nd South Side Stuart Raleigh 15’ parking/travel lane 30’ 10 Raleigh Stuart 15’ parking/travel lane 30’ 10

42nd North Side Stuart Tennyson None 0 14’ 30’ 0 (-10 spaces)


1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the total. 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the total.


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Option 5: Higher Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other Figure 6 shows the angled parking layout when the roadways are widened to maximize the number of angled parking spaces available along all three sides of the park and maintain the parallel parking on the opposite side. Table 6 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition and indicates that with steeper angle parking along the park, 226 total spaces are provided, or 16 more space than under the existing parallel configuration. However, significant intrusion into the park’s amenities would be required to provide the required road width; Figure 7 shows that higher-angle parking would shift the parking area and sidewalk into a portion of both the baseball diamond and the basketball court. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson would provide enough room for seven additional angled parking spaces on the west side of the street and three more parallel spaces on the east side (10 total). Table 6. Parking Conditions with High-Angle Parking Along the Park and Parallel on the Opposite Side


Thru Lane Width

Roadway Width

Parking Spaces


C.C. Park 41st Angled 18' 7" 14' 51' 7" (+15’ 7”)


41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 18 41st 42nd Parallel 7’ 11' 172 Tennyson Northbound 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11'

See above 18

Tennyson Utica Angled 18' 7" 14' 51’ 7” (+17’ 7”)

17 (+6 spaces) 41st Westbound

Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' See above 20

Utica Northbound 41st Park Angled 18' 7" 14 51' 7" (+21’ 7”)

26 (+8 spaces)

Utica Southbound Park 41st Parallel 7’ 11' See above 18



Stuart Raleigh 15’ parking/travel lane 30'-44’ (+0-16’) 10

42nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15’ parking/travel lane See above 20

Total Spaces 226 (+16 spaces)

1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add seven additional spaces to the block (27 total). 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (20 total).


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IV. STUDY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the analysis, Tennyson Street, 41st Avenue, Utica Street and 42nd Avenue in the vicinity of Caesar Chavez Park are all insufficient to allow for angled parking without some level of roadway widening. If the roads are widened to allow for angled parking on one side of the street only (by narrowing the tree lawn along the park and removing the north tree lawn along 42nd Avenue), the net result would be an increase of five spaces in front of the park but a net loss of 80 parking spaces for the business district. If they are widened to allow for angled parking on one side and parallel parking on the other (by removing the tree lawns and narrowing/removing the sidewalks along the park, and removing both tree lawns on 42nd Avenue), there would again be five more spaces along the park and the business district would have a net gain of three spaces over the current configuration. If 41st and 42nd Avenues are designated as one-way streets so they wouldn’t need to be widened to provide angled parking, there would be no net gain in spaces along the park and a net loss of 10 spaces in the business district. If higher-angle parking is provided along the park there would be a net gain of 18 spaces along the park and 16 in the business district, but the parking area would intrude into both the baseball diamond and the basketball court. Table 7 summarizes the number of spaces gained or lost and the roadway widening required for each scenario. Table 7. Roadway Widening and Net Change in Spaces for Each Scenario

Roadway Widening Required Scenario

Net Change in Spaces Tennyson 41st Street Utica

Angled Parking Using Existing Roadway Width

-85 Space (-82 w/o ped. crossing)1 N/A2 N/A2 N/A2

Angled Parking on One Side, No Parking on the Other

-81 Spaces (-78 w/o ped. crossing) +2’ 4” +2’ +6’

Angled Parking on One Side, Parallel Parking on the Other

+3 Spaces (+9 w/o ped. crossing) +10’ 4” +10’ +15’

Angled Parking with One Way Streets

-10 Spaces (-4 w/o ped. crossing) N/A N/A N/A

High Angled Parking on One Side, Parallel Parking on the Other

+16 Spaces (+26 w/o ped. crossing) +15’ 7” +17’ 7” +21’ 7”

1. Change in spaces if the pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41st and 42nd Streets is removed. 2. Without widening, these road would have insufficient thru lane width to allow vehicles to safely back out of angled spaces. Based on these results, there does not appear to be any significant benefit in providing angled parking, as maintaining or increasing the existing parking supply could only be accomplished by significantly impacting the pedestrian amenities in the vicinity of the park or intruding into the park itself.

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