Dr. Shahram Yazdani

Health, Poverty & Deprivation

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medical Education

Strategic Policy Sessions: 03

Dr. S

hahra

m

Yazd

ani

Poverty: At the Heart of Many Vicious Cycles

Poverty

Illiteracy

Ill Health

SocialExclusion

Poor Neighborhood

Wealth WelfareIncome

GeneratingPrerequisites

Access to IncomeGenerating

Opportunities

IncomeGeneratingCapabilities

Security forIncome

Generation

Power

AppropriateNutrition

AppropriateHousing

AppropriateRecreation

AppropriateEducation

AppropriateHealth

Access to Capital, Technology, Market;

Employment

Health, Education,Skills

Security from Disease, Disability, Accident Retirement

Access, Voice, And Vote

Poverty DeprivationLack of Income

GeneratingPrerequisites

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialPathologies

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

SecondaryPrevention

PrimitivePrevention

PrimitivePrevention

TherapyPreventionRiskReduction

DeprivationReducingStrategies

PovertyEliminatingStrategies

SocialProtectionStrategies

Specific Pro-poor Policies

TertiaryPrevention

RehabilitationSocial

RehabilitationStrategies

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

SocialProtectionStrategies

Specific Pro-poor Policies

Opportunity Strategies

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

SocialProtectionStrategies

Specific Pro-poor Policies

Capability Strategies

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

SocialProtectionStrategies

Specific Pro-poor Policies

Security Strategies

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

SocialProtectionStrategies

Specific Pro-poor Policies

Empowerment Strategies

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

PovertyEliminatingStrategies

Specific Pro-poor Policies

•Cash Assistance Strategies•Income Support System

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

DeprivationReducingStrategies

Specific Pro-poor Policies

Non-Cash Assistance Strategies

Poverty

Lack ofOpportunity

Lack ofCapability

Vulnerability

Powerlessness

PoorNutrition

PoorHousing

PoorRecreation

PoorEducation

PoorHealth

Unemployment; Lack of Access to Capitals,Technology, Market

Illness, IlliteracyLack of Skills

Financial Shocks Due toDisease, Disability

Accident, Retirement

Voicelessness, Votelessness

Lack of Influence

Crimes & SocialAberrations

Addiction

Prostitution

Runaway

Begging

Violence

Specific Pro-poor Policies

SocialRehabilitation

Strategies

Special Groups Support Strategies

Targeting

TherapyPreventionRiskReduction

Rehabilitation

DiagnosisDiagnosisDiagnosis DiagnosisSpecific Pro-poor Policies

Public health subsidies is the sum of all resources, expressed in monetary terms, allocated by the government to the health sector.

Based on Individual Assessment, Group Characteristics, Self-targeting, or Type of ServiceThe cost of targeting is the economic value of all resources devoted to the targeting effort. The effectiveness of targeting is the proportion of the subsidy that reaches the intended beneficiaries.

Type I error: To classify as “non-poor” someone who is truly poorType II error: To classify as “poor” someone who is not poor

Specific Pro-poor Policies

Pro-equity Policies

Poverty LineGrowth Effect on Poverty

60

40

Fre

qu

en

cy

20

Distribution Effect on Poverty

Pro-poor Growth Policies

In Ethiopia growth could have reduced the poverty headcount by some 31 per cent between 1981-95. Yet, because of changes in the distribution that contributed to a 37 percent increase in poverty, the final effect has been a net increase in poverty of 6 per cent.The case of Indonesia between 1996 and 1999 is the opposite. There, distributional changes compensated for the adverse effect of growth on poverty.

A poverty line can be absolute (e.g. less than $1 daily) or relative (e.g. less than 50% of average earnings).Poverty is a dynamic not static concept.

Poverty LineGrowth Effect on Poverty

60

40

Fre

qu

en

cy

20

Distribution Effect on Poverty

Pro-equity Policies

•Income Redistribution•Public Consumption

Thank You !

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