dr. muhammad razzaq malik housing and health. dr. muhammad razzaq malik housing and health

Dr. Muhammad Razzaq MalikDr. Muhammad Razzaq Malik

Housing and Housing and HealthHealth


Housing and HealthHousing and Health


HousingHousingHousing includes not only the Housing includes not only the

physical structure providing shelter, but physical structure providing shelter, but also the immediate surroundings, and the also the immediate surroundings, and the related community services and facilities. related community services and facilities.


CRITERIA FOR HEALTHFFUL HOUSINGCRITERIA FOR HEALTHFFUL HOUSING

Healthful housing provides physical Healthful housing provides physical protection and shelter;protection and shelter;

Provides adequately for cooking, eating Provides adequately for cooking, eating washing, and excretory functions.washing, and excretory functions.

It is designed ,constructed ,maintained It is designed ,constructed ,maintained and used in a manner such as to prevent and used in a manner such as to prevent the spread of communicable diseases,the spread of communicable diseases,


Cont……..Cont……..

provides for protection from harmful effects of provides for protection from harmful effects of noise and pollution,noise and pollution,

It is free from unsafe physical arrangements due It is free from unsafe physical arrangements due to construction or maintenance, and from toxic to construction or maintenance, and from toxic or harmful materials.or harmful materials.

It encourage personal and community It encourage personal and community development, promotes social relationships development, promotes social relationships reflects a regard for ecological principles and by reflects a regard for ecological principles and by these means promotes mental health.these means promotes mental health.


Housing and HealthHousing and Health

By deductive reasoning, a strong By deductive reasoning, a strong relationship can be establishment between relationship can be establishment between poor poor


Housing and the following Housing and the following conditionsconditions

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONSRESPIRATORY INFECTIONS:: common common cold, tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, cold, tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, bronchitis, measles, whooping cough, etc.bronchitis, measles, whooping cough, etc.

SKING INFECTIONSSKING INFECTIONS:: Scabies ringworm, Scabies ringworm, impetigo, leprosy.impetigo, leprosy.

RAT INFESTATIONRAT INFESTATION:: Plague. Plague. ARTHROPODS:ARTHROPODS: Houseflies, mosquitoes, Houseflies, mosquitoes,

fleas and bugs.fleas and bugs. ACCIDENTS:ACCIDENTS: A substantial proportion of A substantial proportion of

house accidents are caused by some house accidents are caused by some defect in the home and its environment.defect in the home and its environment.


MORBIDITY AND MORTALITYMORBIDITY AND MORTALITY:: High morbidity and mortality rates are High morbidity and mortality rates are observed where housing conditions are observed where housing conditions are sub-standard.sub-standard.

PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTSPSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS: : These effects must not be overlooked. The These effects must not be overlooked. The sense of isolation felt by persons living in sense of isolation felt by persons living in the upper floors of high buildings is now the upper floors of high buildings is now well known to have harmful effects. Often, well known to have harmful effects. Often, also, people living in densely populated also, people living in densely populated urban areas feel a similar sense of urban areas feel a similar sense of isolation which may lead to neurosis and isolation which may lead to neurosis and behavior disorders.behavior disorders.


OvercrowdingOvercrowding

Overcrowding refers to the situation in Overcrowding refers to the situation in which more people are living within a which more people are living within a single dwelling than there is space for, so single dwelling than there is space for, so that movement is restricted, privacy that movement is restricted, privacy secluded, hygiene impossible, rest and secluded, hygiene impossible, rest and sleep difficult.sleep difficult.


PERSONS PER ROOMPERSONS PER ROOMThe degree of overcrowding can best be The degree of overcrowding can best be expressed as the number of persons per expressed as the number of persons per room, i.e., number of persons in the room, i.e., number of persons in the household divided by the number of rooms household divided by the number of rooms in the dwelling. in the dwelling.


The accepted standards are:The accepted standards are: 1 room1 room 2 persons2 persons 2 rooms2 rooms 3 persons3 persons 3 rooms3 rooms 5 persons5 persons 4 rooms4 rooms 7 persons7 persons 5 or more rooms5 or more rooms 10 persons 10 persons

(additional 2 for each further room) (additional 2 for each further room)


FLOOR SPACE:FLOOR SPACE: The accepted standards are: The accepted standards are: 110 sq. ft. or more110 sq. ft. or more 2 persons2 persons 90-100 sq. ft.90-100 sq. ft. 1½ persons1½ persons 70-90 sq. ft.70-90 sq. ft. 1 person1 person 50-70 sqft.50-70 sqft. NilNil ( A baby under 12 months is not counted; ( A baby under 12 months is not counted;

children between 1 to 10 counted as half a children between 1 to 10 counted as half a unit)unit)


Indicators of HousingIndicators of Housing

In recent years the used of indicators has In recent years the used of indicators has become widespread for the measurement become widespread for the measurement of quality of life. of quality of life.


The indicators for housing may The indicators for housing may be classified as:be classified as:

Physical:Physical: theses are based on floor space, theses are based on floor space, cubic space, room height, persons per room, cubic space, room height, persons per room, rooms per dwelling, environmental quality (e.g., rooms per dwelling, environmental quality (e.g., air, light, water, noise, sewage disposal, etc)air, light, water, noise, sewage disposal, etc)

Economic indicatorsEconomic indicators:: These are cost of the These are cost of the building, rental levels. Taxes, expenditure on building, rental levels. Taxes, expenditure on housing, etc.housing, etc.

Social indicators:Social indicators: The following were The following were proposed at an inter-regional seminar on the proposed at an inter-regional seminar on the Social Aspects of Housing, organized by the UN Social Aspects of Housing, organized by the UN in 1975.in 1975.


Indicators related to prevention of illness:Indicators related to prevention of illness: Frequency of illness due to inadequate Frequency of illness due to inadequate

sewage and garbage collection.sewage and garbage collection. Frequency of illness associated with Frequency of illness associated with

contaminated water source.contaminated water source. Frequency of insect borne diseasesFrequency of insect borne diseases Frequency of illness due to overcrowding.Frequency of illness due to overcrowding. Frequency of illness due to accidentsFrequency of illness due to accidents Frequency of illness due to proximity to Frequency of illness due to proximity to

animals.animals. Access to medical facility.Access to medical facility.


Indicators related to comfort:Indicators related to comfort: Thermal comfortThermal comfort Acoustic comfortAcoustic comfort Visual comfortVisual comfort Spatial comfortSpatial comfort


Indicators related to mental Indicators related to mental health and social well-beinghealth and social well-being

Frequency of suicides in the Frequency of suicides in the neighbourhoodneighbourhood

Neglected and abandoned youth in the Neglected and abandoned youth in the neighbourhoodneighbourhood

Drug abuse (including alcohol) in the Drug abuse (including alcohol) in the neighbourhood.neighbourhood.

dr. muhammad razzaq malik housing and health. dr. muhammad razzaq malik housing and health

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