Dr. M. C. DiwakarDirector

DIRECTORATE OF RICE DEVELOPMENTGOVT.OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE(DEPTT. OF AGRI. & COOPN.)

PATNA -800013 (BIHAR)

Problems and Bridging the yield gap in Rice

Eco-System wise rice in India

Irrigated area, 54.60%

Low land, 2.60%Semi deep,

10.90%

Shallow low land, 18.70%

Rainfed upland, 13.20%

Low land, 1.10%

Rainfed upland, 7.80%

Shallow low land, 13.30%

Semi deep, 7.80%

Irrigated area, 70.00%

Area Production

Area & Production ( %) under different Productivity Groups

27.4

43.1

19 21.4 20.817.3

25.5

15.3

7.32.9

05

1015202530354045

High Productivity(>2500 kg/ha)

MediumProductivity

(2000-2500k/ha)

Medium low(15000-2000

kg/ha)

Low Productivity(1000-1500

kg/ha)

Very Low (<1000kg/ha)

Area Production

115 distt. 103 distt 119 distt. 143 distt.

83 distt

CONSTRAINTS & STRATEGIES FOR RICE PRODUCTIONCONSTRAINTS & STRATEGIES FOR RICE PRODUCTION RAINFED ECOLOGIES RAINFED ECOLOGIES

(45% area contributing to only 30% rice production)(45% area contributing to only 30% rice production)

CONSTRAINTSRainfed Lowlands

Low and fragile productivity & production due to abiotic stresses mainly drought, flood, salinity & water stagnation

Low input use

Poor network of extension services

Poor availability of inputs particularly quality seed of stress tolerant varieties

High weed infestation

STRATEGIES Rainfed Lowland:(Maximum potential to enhance Maximum potential to enhance

productivity –we can achieve 1 to 2 productivity –we can achieve 1 to 2 tons/ha yield increase)tons/ha yield increase)

Promotion of stress (flooding, drought, Promotion of stress (flooding, drought, salinity etc.) tolerant rice varieties and salinity etc.) tolerant rice varieties and early maturing varieties and late early maturing varieties and late maturing varieties in flood prone areas maturing varieties in flood prone areas

Promotion of inputs such as sees, Promotion of inputs such as sees, micronutrients, farm machinery, PP micronutrients, farm machinery, PP chemicals through programmatic chemicals through programmatic interventionsinterventions

Dissemination of technologies through Dissemination of technologies through KVKsKVKs

Policy for advanced planning for Policy for advanced planning for targeted environment seed productiontargeted environment seed production

Ensuring optimal stand establishment Ensuring optimal stand establishment by adopting closer spacing in by adopting closer spacing in transplanted areas and by using 20 transplanted areas and by using 20 percent higher seed rate in direct sown percent higher seed rate in direct sown ecologies. Hand weeding and hoeing ecologies. Hand weeding and hoeing

.

Constraints Rainfed uplands: Drought (moisture

stress at more than one growth stage)

Acid soils with low

organic matter content, low N and P and widespread Zn, Boron deficiency

Lack of suitable HYVs and slow adoption of improved varieties

Inadequate supply and use of quality seed

Severe weed infestation Poor crop stand Blast and brown spot

diseases Widespread poverty

Strategies : Promotion of early maturing

drought tolerant rice varieties well adapted to direct seeding (e.g. Sahbhagi Dhan)

Lime treatment and micronutrients Ensuring optimum plant population by adoption of line sowing/using higher seed rate.

Quality seed production as per seed plan and indenting of recently released varieties

Promotion of pre-emergence application of recommended weedicides and/or harrowing/ hoeing and hand-weeding once or thrice depending on the severity of weed infestation. Resistant varieties for blast and brown spot diseases

CONSTRAINTS & STRATEGIES FOR RICE PRODUCTION IRRIGATED ECOLOGY((55% AREA CONTRIBUTING TO 70 % RICE PRODUCTION55% AREA CONTRIBUTING TO 70 % RICE PRODUCTION))

CONSTRAINTS

Faulty irrigation causing salinity/alkalinity in commands & deltas

Low organic matter & micronutrients deficiency

Delayed planting

Biotic (diseases, insects and weeds) and abiotic (moisture stress, flooding)

STRATEGIES : Pucca outlets for Good

drainage.

Amelioration of inland salinity/alkalinity affected areas along with salinity tolerant varieties (CSR 36, CSR 27, Narendra Usar Dhan 3 etc.)

Treatment with micronutrients.

Zero till seed drill use for direct seeding .Mechanized transplanting/wet direct seeding to ensure timely planting in areas where delayed planting is inevitable due to labour shortage and high wage etc.

Use of recommended PP chemicals

SummarySchemes for rice development

Addressing constraints through schematic interventions

Encouraging trends

Bottle necks in implementation/Areas needing attention

Government’s Initiatives National Food Security Mission – 136 districts, 14

states ; 50,000 hac area & district productivity less than state average

Macromanagement Mode of Agriculture-in non NFSM districts/ states

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana Extending green revolution in Eastern India- Eastern

U.P, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa ; Rs 400

Promoting technology –seeds, INM, Plant Protection, Farm machinery, FFS, demonstration

Addressing the Constraints through Programmatic interventions

Constraints Programmatic intervention

•Saline, acidic soils •Soil amelioration by lime ( 7 lakh hac). Paper mill sludge for acidic soil treatment in Orissa• minikits of saline tolerant varies CSR 36( 11822 kits; 591 qtls)

Low seed replacement •Increased seed distribution ( nearly 19.0 lakh qtl)

•Wide spread Zn deficiency Micronutrients are promoted in nearly 14 lakh hac.

• Low organic content Rotavators are promoted for puddling/ ploughing back weeds and green manure into the soil. use of cono weeder under SRI

Addressing Constraints through Programmatic interventions

Constraints Programmatic Interventions

•Knowledge gaps Demonstrations, farmer’s field school, PMT

•Delayed planting Promotion of Zero till seed drill for direct seeding

•Post harvest grain loss Threshing floors are promoted for better grain yield and drying of the grains; Bihar

•Climate change effect Promotion of drought resistance varieties of Sahabhagi Dhan ( 31000 kits; 1550 qtl ),and submergence tolerant variety of Suvarna sub 1 ( 60640 kits; 3638 qtls) )

Trend of Input intake

Input 07-08 08-09 09-10

Seed (lakh qtls) 0.33 (17%) 6.7 (45%) 11.6 (52%)

Micronutrients (lakh hac)

0.92 (55%) 4.9 (84%) 7.7 (73%)

Liming (lakh hac) 0.45 (29%) 4.5(87%) 2.1 (50%)

Farm implements (no. in lakhs)

0.06(22%) 3.1(100%) 4.1(100%)

Pump sets (no. in lakhs )

0.17 (63%) 0.41(93%)

Encouraging trends….good Agriculture practices

Increased adoption of System of Rice Intensification –T.N- Compact block demos, Orissa-every

block 1 SRI village of 100 acres, Bihar-SRI villages

Increased awareness and demand for hybrids – U.P., A.P , Assam, Orissa etc.

Increased demand for Farm machinery – Zero till seed drills, rotavators, conoweeders

Increase in area under Bororice production , particularly in Assam

• Better performance of public rice hybrid because of shorter duration than private hybrid during 09-10 drought season. KRH 2 in Orissa, Assam

• Enhanced hybrid rice minikits- 63000 minikits allocated in 10-11

• hybrid seed minikit as demonstration under SRI to –BAU, JNKV

• More demand- Notified TL hybrid seeds are allowed from 2010-11

• Increased production in good season for maintaining food buffer stocks• Promotion of Hybrid Rice; Strategies to enlist Private sector

participation, and adapting good practices of production of public bred hybrids( China)

• Reaching out to low capacity rice farmers• Promotion of SRI; Inclusion of NGOs for individualized service to

farmers especially for rainfed rice

• Develop technologies on drought and submergence tolerance• Partnering IRRI for active promotion of salt and submergence

tolerant varieties

• Special drive for the stress prone areas to enhance and stabilize rice productivity (advanced planning for seed multiplication and targeted seed dissemination)

ConclusionsRice – Crop of different agro climatic zones.

Promotion of available technologies through schematic interventions

Bottlenecks of implementation…/Areas needing attention

water resources development in uplands /drainage in lowlands

Development and seed production of suitable varieties- short and medium duration stress tolerant ; climate change Resilient varieties and boro rice varieties

Standardised technology for SRI for different agro ecological zones for optimum returns ?

Popularising DNA fingure printing techniques for testing hybrids

Procurement issue in eastern India