dr. john deen - connecting the dots: animal health, well-being & productivity
DESCRIPTION
Connecting the Dots: Animal Health, Well-Being & Productivity - Dr. John Deen, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2014 Iowa Pork Congress, January 22-23, Des Moines, IA, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-iowa-pork-congressTRANSCRIPT
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Connecting the Dots: Health, Well-Being
& Productivity
John Deen
College of Veterinary Medicine
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• Humane Methods of Slaughter Act 1978• extended the 1958 policy to all Federally inspected
slaughter plants
• Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) enforces the Act
• veterinarian and inspectors present
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Committees…
• AASV• NPB• PAACO• CFI• ACAW• AVMA• AAA• FAO• Validus
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Certified Big Red Apple
“For Large Animal EnrichmentScented for swine and stall animals’
pleasure”
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Three points
• Welfare is about pigs and not PR• Ethics are personal not institutional• Caregivers are the experts
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Welfare is a classic economic problem:• Addressing unlimited demand with a very
restricted amount of resources
• Is it a profit maximization model with specific welfare constraints?
• Is it an optimization model with values placed on welfare?
• Is it a marketing problem?
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Welfare policy• The efficient allocation of scarce resources to a
population– Implicitly, some or all desired outcomes will not be
maximized– Usually modeled across one species– Multiple species and needs create a difficult problem to
solve
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Who administers welfare policy?• Government• NGO’s• Marketing chains• Farmers
• Do we improve welfare by
moving the average or
addressing outliers?
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Freedom from hunger and thirst
by providing ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor
Freedom from discomfort
by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area
Freedom from pain, injury or disease
by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment
Freedom to express normal behavior
by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind
Freedom from fear and distress
by ensuring conditions and treatments, which avoid mental suffering
Five freedoms (FAWC- UK- 1993)
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Negative statesThirst HungerMalnutrition (predisposition) Hunger, MalaiseDiscomfortPainInjury (predisposition) PainDisease (predisposition) MalaiseTo express Normal Behavior Boredom (?)FearDistress
Are they signals?
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Are Flourishing Animals Fine?
1. Yes – if they are functioning well(the performance axiom (Stan Curtis))
2. Yes – feelings are designed to ensure proper function
(evolutionary biology)
3. Maybe… but is it natural (right) (teleology and ontology)
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Four Functions to Flourish
• Feed – take in adequate nutrition• Fight – compete and adapt in difficult
conditions (disease, heat etc)• Flight – avoid difficult adverse conditions• Reproduction – replacement
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Failure to Flourish
• Feed intake/absorption inadequate• Inability to adapt to adverse conditions• Inability to avoid adverse conditions• Inability to reproduce•• Inhibitions:• Physical• Environmental• Infectious• Other pigs•
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What are the mechanisms of functional inhibition?
• Physical– Inability or reluctance to move or position body to
eat, reproduce etc
• Inflammatory– Inhibition of appetite, reproduction, and competition
• Pain– Behavioral inhibition of competing function
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Ballerina’s are tough!
Courtesy Zinpro Performance Minerals
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The Flaw of Averages
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Proposed path model for sow retention
Lameness
Low productivity
Should be culledOR =3.1
OR = 1.0OR =2 .7
OR = 2.3
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Sensitivity and specificity of detecting tail ender in nursery using different weaning weight cut off
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
7 8 9 10 11Weight cut-off
%
Sensit Specif
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Firstmixing
Secondmixing
Day 28 Day 56 Day 84 Day 108
Day in the pen
Per
cent
age No injury
Slight injury
Obvious injury
Severe injury
Injury levels in vulva of sows in pens with ESF at different stages of gestation
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Risk post farrowing
0
5
10
15
20
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f M
orta
lity
(%
)
0 153045607590105120135150165180Days after farrowing
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Percentage of death and euthanasia among sows and gilts (dead & destroyed) based on the day of removal.
02468101214161820222426
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Perc
enta
ge
Sow-Euthanasia
Sow-Death
Gilt-Euthanasia
Gilt-Death
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Aristotle: A Good Narrative
• Logos is appeal based on logic or reason.• Ethos is appeal based on the character of the
speaker. • Pathos is appeal based on emotion.
– HL Green: The three types of persuasion, if you are a classically trained orator, are ethos, pathos, and logos. If your training was obtained in modern times, you have an additional tool-statistics.
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“It is comfortingly easy to care about animals:
to care for them requires skill, patience, and humility”
(John Webster)