From Shortage Reduction to a Wellbeing Approach

Ecuadorian Housing Policies

Dr. Christien Klaufus,10 Dec 2014

2

Elected, impeached

Deputy

Deputy

Deputy

Deputy

Elected, impeached

Elected, impeached

Elected, still in function

Correa government since 2007

Nov 2006 elected; 1st term 2007-2009 Apr 2007 Referendum new Constitution Oct 2007 Constitutional assembly Oct 2008 New Constitution accepted

Apr 2009 re-elected; 2e term 2009-2013 Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir 2009-

2013 Sep 2010 Coup d’état by police

Feb 2013 re-elected; 3e term 2013-2017 Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir 2013-

2017

Wellbeing / Buen Vivir / Sumak Kawsay

Policy discourse: Post-neoliberalism, highly state-centered Andean ‘cosmovision’; reciprocity, sustainability, “rights of

nature” Social programs to fight poverty >>> housing

Total housing stockrural urban total1,357,420 2,391,499 3,748,919Qualitative housing shortagerural urban total480,108 761,526 1,241,63435.4% 31.8% 33.1%Quantitative housing shortagerural urban total436,750 271,051 707,80132.3% 11.3% 18.9%Total housing shortagerural urban total916,858 1,032,577 1,949.43567.5% 43.2% 52.0%

Table 19.1: Housing shortages in Ecuador, 2010

Source: INEC, 2011a; SNI, 2011a.

Shortage reduction old-style: production of ‘matchboxes’ of 6x6 m²

Rural versus urban

Definition of categories ‘urban’, ‘rural’and ‘urbano-marginal’ Possibility for self-help solutions on owned terrain Rights and duties of grant-receivers: choice of housing types,

association

Urbano marginal

Housing grants under Correa

MIDUVI PROGRAMME

Former governments Correa governmentTOTAL 2007-20102002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Urban                  

New 4,999 3,193 4,041 5,685 1,826 5,705 12,512 14,210 3,287 35,714

Improvement 3,903 3,605 5,316 4,511 2,727 3,410 7,750 7,380 552 19.092

Urbano-marginal                  

New 3,518 3,631 1,059 54 1,287 2,713 5,124 1,558 700 10,095

Improvement 619 1,339 47   110 932 1,391 88 4 2,415

Rural                  

New 9,184 6,863 7,470 6,495 7,698 14,476 61,999 15,374 3,523 95,372

Improvement 2,392 1,344 1.256 866 1,854 1,742 4,938 1,331 413 8,424

Middle class projects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,492 11,492

Projects for disabled people 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,290 2,290

Re-settlement and emergencies 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,136 435 1,641 7,212

Total number of grants 24,615 19,975 19,189 17,611 15,502 28,978 98,850 40,376 23,902 192,106

Investment in US dollar

19,678,352

15,938,068

16,288,550

17,659,658 10,550,550

90,094,000

361,375,480

150,969,047

114,496,487

716,935,014

Table 19.3: Paid grants for new housing and home improvement during former and current government terms, 2011

Sources: www.miduvi.gob.ec and www.habitatyvivienda.gob.ec/p/, data processed by authors.

Remittances in housing: consumer’s choice

Self-help versus state sponsored turn-key houses

Ciudad Victoria, Guayaquil: resettlement

Back to production-based solutions?