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Downslope windstorms with WRF Experiment #5 at end 1

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Page 1: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Downslope  windstorms  with  WRF  

Experiment  #5  at  end  

1  

Page 2: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Basics  

•  Introduce  the  idealized  WRF  •  Simula?ons  are  “effec?vely”  2D  •  Sounding  provided  via  input  file  (input_sounding)  – Change  ver?cal  profiles  of  poten?al  temperature  and  horizontal  winds  

•  Mountain  shape  mimics  terrain  across  Cuyamaca  Peak  in  San  Diego  county  

2  

Page 3: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Set  up  WRF  environment  mkdir MOUNTAIN!cd MOUNTAIN!cp /home/c115-test/MOUNTAIN/make_all_links.csh .!cp /home/c115-test/MOUNTAIN/namelist.input .!cp /home/c115-test/MOUNTAIN/input_sounding .!!cp /home/c115-test/MOUNTAIN/control_file* .!cp /home/c115-test/MOUNTAIN/*.gs .!!!./make_all_links.csh!!

 3  

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input_sounding  (open  in  text  editor)  

1022.93 291 0!10. 291. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!2500. 300. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!5000. 311. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!10000. 326. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!15000. 378. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!20000. 430. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!

Sfc.  Pressure  (mb)        sfc.  poten?al  temp  (K)    and  sfc.  mixing  ra?o  (g/kg)  

4  

Page 5: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

input_sounding!

1022.93 291 0!10. 291. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!2500. 300. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!5000. 311. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!10000. 326. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!15000. 378. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!20000. 430. 0 -5.00E+00 0.00E+00!Height  (m)              Pot.  temp.  (K)    vapor  (g/kg)            u  wind  (m/s)                                      v  wind  (m/s)  

•  no  moisture  in  this  sounding  •  u  wind  is  set  to  -­‐5  m/s  (easterly  flow),  no  ver;cal  shear  •  v  wind  is  zero  because  we’re  2D  with  no  Coriolis  force  

5  

Page 6: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

namelist.input! &time_control! run_days = 0,! run_hours = 24,! run_minutes = 0,! run_seconds = 0,! start_year = 0001, 0001, 0001,! start_month = 01, 01, 01,! start_day = 01, 01, 01,! start_hour = 00, 00, 00,! start_minute = 00, 00, 00,! start_second = 00, 00, 00,! end_year = 0001, 0001, 0001,! end_month = 01, 01, 01,! end_day = 01, 01, 01,! end_hour = 00, 00, 00,! end_minute = 00, 00, 00,! end_second = 00, 00, 00,! history_interval = 30, 30, 30,! frames_per_outfile = 1000, 1000, 1000,!

30  min  history  interval  

6  

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namelist.input   &domains! time_step = 12,! time_step_fract_num = 0,! time_step_fract_den = 1,! max_dom = 1,! s_we = 1, 1, 1,! e_we = 100, 43, 43,! s_sn = 1, 1, 1,! e_sn = 3, 43, 43,! s_vert = 1, 1, 1,! e_vert = 91, 91, 91,! dx = 2000, 666.6666667, 222.2222222! dy = 2000, 666.6666667, 222.2222222! ztop = 18000, 18000, 18000,!

•  One  domain  (so  extra  columns  irrelevant)  •  100  x  3  x  91  (x  by  y  by  z)  domain  •  2  km  horizontal  resolu?on    •  18  km  deep  

7  

Page 8: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

namelist.input   &physics! mp_physics = 1, 1, 1,! ra_lw_physics = 0, 0, 0,! ra_sw_physics = 0, 0, 0,! radt = 30, 30, 30,! sf_sfclay_physics = 1, 1, 1,! sf_surface_physics = 1, 1, 1,! bl_pbl_physics = 1, 1, 1,!

•  “warm  rain”  microphysics  (but  no  moisture)  •  no  radia?on  scheme  •  rudimentary  surface  scheme  on,  so  there  is  surface  fric?on  and  

 a  small  surface  moisture  flux  

8  

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namelist.input  

&dynamics! w_damping = 1,! rk_ord = 3,! diff_opt = 2,! km_opt = 2,! damp_opt = 2,!!

•  subgrid  turbulent  mixing  and  ver?cal  velocity  damping  are  on  

9  

Page 10: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Make  control  run  •  ulimit –s unlimited!•  ./ideal.exe!– Reads  in  input_sounding!– Creates  wrfinput_d01!

•  nohup ./wrf.exe > wrf.out &!– Model  configured  to  create  one  wrfout  file,  containing  all  output  ?mes  

– Simula'on  should  take  3-­‐5  min  on  an  idle  machine  

10  

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While  your  simula?on  is  running…  

11  

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Sta?ons  in  the  San  Diego  Gas  &  Electric  mesonet  

Cuyamaca  Peak  

12  

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101  mph  gust  at  Sill  Hill  (1710Z  30  Apr  2014)  

13  

Red  numbers  =  gusts  in  mph  

Page 14: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

101  mph  gust  at  Sill  Hill  (1710Z  30  Apr  2014)  

0  

15  

30  

45  

60  

75  

90  

105  

4-­‐29-­‐2014  0:00  GMT   4-­‐29-­‐2014  12:00  GMT   4-­‐30-­‐2014  0:00  GMT   4-­‐30-­‐2014  12:00  GMT   5-­‐1-­‐2014  0:00  GMT  

wind  speeds  (m

ph)  

date  

SILSD  winds/gusts  during  29  April  2014  event  

SKNT  mph   GUST  mph  

101  mph  gust  @1710Z  

10h  

90+  mph  gusts  recorded      32  7mes  in  10  h  period      (of  60  total  reports)  

14  

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10m  winds  ≥  20  mph  

15  

PX/ACM2  

NBCSD  

May  2014  –  Bernardo  fire  

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16  

NBCSD  

Page 17: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Ver?cal  cross-­‐sec?on  

WRBSD  

KRNM   NBCSD  17  

Page 18: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Anima?on  

WRBSD  

KRNM   NBCSD  18  

Page 19: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Finished  running?  

19  

Page 20: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Post-­‐process  control  run  •  w2g  control_file.z  windz05    –  Note  control_file.z  has  been  changed  to  refer  to  the  wrfout  files  created  by  this  model  run,  to  declare  the  model  output  as  “ideal”  rather  than  “real”  and  to  turn  the  map  off  

–  This  creates  a  GrADS  file  that  interpolates  to  higher  resolu?on  below  5  km  height,  but  cuts  off  there  

•  w2g  control_file  wind05  –  This  version  of  the  control  file  has  lower  resolu?on  near  surface  but  retains  the  en?re  domain  depth  

20  

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From  wind05  GrADS  file  

ga-> open wind05!ga-> set display color white!ga-> set t 1!ga-> set x 1!ga-> d theta!ga-> draw xlab pot. temp. (K)!ga-> draw ylab height (km)!

21  

Page 22: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Easily  manipulated  in  input_sounding!

22  

Page 23: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Wind  flow  at  0  h  

ga-> set t 1!ga-> ww_color.gs!

23  

Page 24: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Plots  theta  (black  contours)  and  wind  speed  (colored  field)  and  topography  (grey)  (looks  a  liWle  beWer  in  the  windz05  file)  

24  

Page 25: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

set  t  2  ww_color.gs  

25  

Page 26: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

set  t  3  ww_color.gs  

26  

Page 27: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

set  t  4  ww_color.gs  

27  

Page 28: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

set  t  5  ww_color.gs  

28  

Page 29: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

set  t  49  [final  ;me]  ww_color.gs  

29  

Page 30: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Stepping  and  anima?on  

ga-> step.gs u 2 49 2.5!ga-> step.gs theta 2 49 2![hit return to move on to next time]!

ga-> vert_movie.gs![wind speed thin contours,!theta thick contours,!Richardson number shaded.!If you save gif files, they are named/numbered movie_###.gif]!

!!

30  

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U,  theta  and  Ri  at  24  h.  

Why  is  the  Richardson  number  so  low  here?  

31  

Page 32: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Anima;on  created  using  vert_movie.gs  

32  

Page 33: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

vert_movie.gs!

if(frame < 10)!'printim movie_00'frame'.gif gif '!else!if(frame < 100)!'printim movie_0'frame'.gif gif '!else!'printim movie_'frame'.gif gif '!endif!endif!frame=frame+1!endif!pull dummy!

Change  name  of  movie    s7ll  images  here  

To  avoid  himng  return  between  frames,    comment  out  this  line  with  an  asterisk;    i.e.,    *  pull  dummy   33  

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Conver?ng  a  series  of  *.gif images  into  a  movie  

!!convert -delay 30 -loop 0 movie_*.gif OUT.GIF!

Uses  ImageMagick  “convert”  program  -­‐loop  =  0  endless  looping  -­‐loop  =  1  just  play  once  -­‐delay  ##  decrease  to  speed  up  play  

You  can  play  the  movie  OUT.GIF  in  a  web  browser  

34  

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Hovmoller  diagram  

ga-> c!ga-> reset!ga-> set t 1 49!ga-> hov.gs![by default, a contour x vs. t diagram! of near-surface 10m wind speed]!

!!

35  

Page 36: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

36  

Page 37: Downslope)windstorms)with) WRF)atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/AOSC115/WRF_mountain.pdfPostprocess)control)run) • w2g control_file.zwindz05 – Note)control_file.z)has)been)changed)to)refer)to)the)

Edi?ng  input_sounding  to    make  new  cases  

37  

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Cases  to  explore  •  Change  the  wind  speed  –  Control  run  is  -­‐5  m/s  (east  to  west)  – What  does  stronger  or  weaker  easterly  flow  do?  –  You  can  guess  what  making  the  wind  westerly  would  do,  right?  

– What  happens  if  you  force  wind  shear  on  the  ini?al  wind  profile?  

•  Change  the  poten?al  temperature  profile  –  Create  a  less  stable  layer  aloq  –  Change  the  height  of  the  lower,  more  stable  layer  

•  Add  moisture  (be  careful)  •  Feel  free  to  edit  the  GrADS  scripts,  or  make  new  ones  

38  

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input_sounding  z                theta  

N  =  0.011  

N  =  0.016  

You  can  change  the  heights,  too,  and  add  levels,  but  I’d  keep  the  lowest  level  at  10  m  and  highest  at  20  km  

Average  tropospheric  and  stratospheric      N  values  are  0.01  and  0.02,  respec?vely.  

39  

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A  possible  sounding  

•  This  sounding  puts  a  more  stable  layer  beneath  2.5  km    and  a  less  stable  (neutral  layer)  between  2.5-­‐5  km.  

•  How  does  this  alter  the  downslope  flow?  •  If  the  depth  of  the  lower  stable  layer  is  changed,  how  

 would  that  alter  the  downslope  flow?  •  If  the  easterly  wind  speed  is  altered,  how  does  that    

 affect  the  downslope  flow?   40  

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Experiment  #5  •  Alter  the  input_sounding  in  some  fashion  and  observe  how  it  changes  

the  flow  over  the  mountain  rela;ve  to  the  control  run  •  Think  about  crea'ng  a  “parameter  space”  and  exploring  it.    Example:  

changing  depth  of  lower  stable  layer  and  wind  speed.  •  Write  a  report  that  describes  your  results.    Include  figures.    Cap?on  your  

figures  appropriately.  •  Due:  December  19th  (end  of  finals  week).  •  More  comments:  

–  Changing  the  surface  pressure  is  not  relevant  –  Keep  the  poten?al  temperature  of  the  surface  and  lowest  level  in  sounding  equal  to  

each  other  (presently  both  are  291  K)  –  What  happens  if  you  make  the  lower  layer  less  stable  and  the  upper  layer  more  stable?  –  There  is  a  small  moisture  source  from  the  surface  that  isn’t  turned  off  –  You  can  add  atmospheric  moisture  but  make  sure  vapor  mixing  ra?os  are  realis?c.    Once  

moisture  is  added,  mp_physics  is  relevant  and  may  be  altered  as  well.    Since  flow  may  become  much  more  vigorous,  time_step  may  have  to  be  reduced.    Using  the  no_mp_heating  =  1  flag  may  help  keep  things  under  control.   41  


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