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AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING

THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS’ LESSON PLAN


Definition of Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

“ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process used by all involved in aviation to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.”


PRIMARY CAUSAL FACTORS OFAIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS

0 20 40 60 80

Misc

Airport/ATC

Weather

Maintenance

Airplane

Cockpit Crew

1987-98 1959-98


PROBABLE CAUSE IN 80% OF ALL ACCIDENTS (NTSB)

0 10 20 30 40 50

UNKNOWN CAUSES

IMPROPER OPERATION OFEQUIPMENT

INFLIGHT JUDGMENT ORDECISION

PILOT TECHNIQUE

VISUAL PERCEPTIONMISJUDGMENT

UNPROFESSIONALATTITUDES 47%

19%

21%

5%

6%

4%


PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS REQUIREMENTS

“CRM is not a single TASK. CRM is a set of skill competencies which must be evident in all TASKS in this PTS as applied to the single pilot or the multicrew operation. CRM competencies, grouped into three clusters of observable behaviors are....”


ADM SKILL MARKERS(“Observable Behaviors”)

COMMUNICATION SITUATIONAL

AWARENESS WORKLOAD

MANAGEMENT PLANNING DECISION

MAKING


CRM DEFINITION

“THE EFFECTIVE USE OF ALL AVAILABLE

RESOURCES”


CREW... Pilot-in-Command Second-in-Command

Flight Instructor Aircraft Scheduler Weather Briefer Ramp Personnel Chief Instructor

Flight Attendant Check Airman/ Pilot

Examiner Flight Engineer Non-pilot Air Traffic Control Flight Service/Watch


RESOURCES...

Time Information Workload Prioritization Strategies/Plans Scheduling


MANAGEMENT...

Situation Assessment Risk Assessment Planning/Strategizing Prioritizing Tasks Allocating Responsibilities Problem Solving


ENHANCED CREWMEMBER PERFORMANCE

C R E W M E M B E R N O N -T E C H N IC A L S K IL L S C R E W M E M B E R T E C H N IC A L S K IL L S

E N H A N C E D C R E W M E M B E R P E R F O R M A N C E



BriefingsInquiry/Advocacy/AssertionCrew Self-CritiqueCom m unications/DecisionsConflict Resolution

COM M UNICATIONSPROCESSES AND

DECISION M AKINGCLUSTER

Leadership/Follow ership/Concern for TasksInterpersonal Relationships/Group Clim ateAutom ation M anagem ent

TEAM BUILDINGAND M AINTENANCE

CLUSTER

Preparation/Planning/VigilanceW orkload Distributed/Distractions Avoided

W ORKLOAD M ANAGEM ENTAND SITUATIONAL

AW ARENESSCLUSTER

CR EW MEMBER NO N-T EC HNICAL SK ILLS

Visual Acquisition/Interpretation ofHazardsSystem ControlAircraft Control

M OTORACTIVIT IES

SKILLS

Em ergency/Abnorm alFlight M aneuversATC Com m unicationsSystem Operation

PROCEDURALACTIVIT IES

SKILLS

Com pany Policies/Law s/Rules/RegulationsATC/AirspaceW eatherAircraft Lim itations/Perform ance

INFORM ATION BASE/KNOW LEDGE

CR EW MEMBER T ECHN IC AL SK ILLS

ENHANCED CREW MEMBER PERFORMANCE



Visual Acquisition/Interpretation ofHazardsSystem ControlAircraft Control

M OT ORACT IV IT IES

SKILLS

Em ergency/Abnorm alFlight M aneuversAT C Com m unicationsSystem Operation

PROCEDURALACT IV IT IES

SKILLS

Com pany Polic ies/Law s/Rules/RegulationsAT C/AirspaceW eatherAircraft Lim itations/Perform ance

INFORM AT ION BASE/KNOW LEDG E

C R EW MEMB ER T EC H N IC AL SK ILLS

ENHANCED CREW MEMBER PERFORMANCE


ADM Focus Non-Technical Skills

BriefingsInquiry/Advocacy/AssertionCrew Self-CritiqueCom m unications/DecisionsConflict Resolution

*COM M UNICAT IONSPROCESSES AND

*DECISION M AKINGCLUST ER

Leadership/Follow ership/Concern for TasksInterpersonal Relationships/Group Clim ateAutom ation M anagem ent

T EAM BUILDINGAND M AINT ENANCE

CLUST ER

Preparation/ *Planning/V igilanceW orkload Distributed/Distractions Avoided

*W ORKLOAD M ANAGEM ENTAND *S IT UATIONAL

AW ARENESSCLUST ER

C R EW MEMB ER N O N -T EC H N IC AL SK ILLS


ADM SKILL MARKERS(“Observable Behaviors”)

COMMUNICATION SITUATIONAL

AWARENESS WORKLOAD

MANAGEMENT PLANNING DECISION

MAKING


COMMUNICATIONS

Two-way street Information transfer Clear, concise,

unambiguous Listening Repeating Clarification Understanding


SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

THE ACCURATE PERCEPTION OR KNOWLEDGE A PILOT MAINTAINS TO THEIR OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN ORDER TO ANTICIPATE CONTINGENCIES AND TAKE THE NECESSARY ACTIONS.


WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT

PRIORITIZE AND DELEGATE

SHARE AND COMMUNICATE

ACKNOWLEDGE PERSONAL LIMITS

ACTIVELY MONITOR


PREPARATION, PLANNING, AND VIGILANCE

PREPARING FOR REQUIRED ACTIVITIES

PLANNING FOR ALL POSSIBILITIES MAINTAINING AWARENESS FOR

CHANGE


Decision Making Process

1. Is there a decision to make?

2. Gather all available information.

3. Identify all possible alternatives.

4. Evaluate alternatives.

5. Choose an alternative (make a decision).

6. Act on decision.

7. Evaluate the results of the decision.

(if necessary, return to the beginning)


THE EFFECTS OF STRESS AND FATIGUE

Human PerformanceError Management


ADM REFERENCES FOR ADM REFERENCES FOR THE INSTRUCTORTHE INSTRUCTOR

Aeronautical Decision Making for Instructor Pilots

Aeronautical Decision Making for Student and Private Pilots

From the N.T.I.S. (National Technical Information Service) Library

1-800-759-46843


ADM MODELS AND PROGRAMS TODAY

PTS/CRM Pilot Judgment Training Manuals Personal Minimums FAA’s Model DECIDE Model Hazardous Attitudes Decision Making Process


What about these?


THE END

REMEMBER......MAKE ADM PART OF YOUR LESSON PLANS!

QUESTIONS????

downloaded from aeronautical decision making the flight instructors’ lesson plan

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decision making process

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set of skill competencies