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XYLEM
BY:
NUR LIYANA BT
ZAINOODIN
6BSN
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A complex tissue contain more than one type of cell
Xylem Vascular tissue A tissue that function as a tube/vessel enabling water and
other substances(in solution) to move from one part toanother part of plant
FUNCTION OF XYLEM:
Transport water and dissolved minerals from the rootsto the stems and leaves
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XYLEM COMPRISES 4 TYPES OF CELL
TRACHEIDSVESSEL
ELEMENTSXYLEM FIBRES(SCLERENCHYMA)
XYLEMPARENCHYMA
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TRANCHEIDS AND
XYLEM VESSEL ELEMENT Trancheids and xylem vessel elements die on maturity
Their wall have been thickened with lignin deposits
Prevents entry of food substances
No organelles to block water flow
Provide mechanical support keep the plant upright
Have pits on their wall
Allow the lateral movement of water between trancheids andvessels
The end of vessel end is open end
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Pits membrane are permeable to water
The end walls of tracheid have many bordered pits allow
water pass through
The end of tracheid overlap with each other, forming a longtube which can facilitate the movement of water.
Tracheid is longer but have smaller diameter than vesselelements
Tracheid differ from vessel elements in shape
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PICTURE OF
TRACEIDS
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PIT PAIRS AND PIT
MEMBRANE PIT PAIRS pits in the wall of cell oppose the pits inthe adjacent cell wall
Pit pairs are separated by PIT MEMBRANE Made up of primary cell wall and middle lamella
Permeable to water
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PIT PAIRS AND PIT
MEMBRANE
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XYLEM VESSEL Long tube made up of many vessel elements joined
together end-to-end
The end of each vessel are open the cavity form achannel
Vessels are more efficient in water transport comparedto tracheid
Water flowing from one tracheid to another has topass through bordered pits-resistance to flow water.
Flowering plants have both vessel and tracheids.
Other plants only have tracheids to transport water.
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Parenchyma cell- the only living cells in the xylemtissue Store various type of food
Form pith rays that connect the primary xylem to secondaryxylem
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TWO TYPE OF XYLEM TISSUE
Primary xylem
Formed firstduring thegrowth of a
plant
Comprisesprotoxylem and
metaxylem
Secondary xylem
Formed whensecondary
thickening occuras a result of
vascular cambiumdivision
Only occur inwoody plants
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SECONDARY XYLEM
Stiff and cannot be flexed
When the rate of elongation is high, the plant stem is
most flexible and spiral or annular thickening occur
If there is not much elongation, scalariform, reticulate
and pitted thickening occur.
(refer page 92-Oxford Fajar)