WORLD CIVILIZATIONSANSWER KEY FOR STUDY GUIDE
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UNIT 1: STONE AGE & EARLY CULTURE
1. WHO WERE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS?Early humans who hunted animals and gathered wild
plants to survive.2. IN WHAT WAYS HAS GEOGRAPHY SHAPED HUMAN HISTORY? Early civilizations have settled in areas near fresh water and land suitable for farming. 3. HUNTER/GATHERER SOCIETIES USUALLY LIVED IN ___GROUPS.
B. Small groups4. WHAT WAS THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION?
The shift from food gathering to food producing.5. FROM WHICH CONTINENT DID EARLY HUMANS MIGRATE?
Africa6. WHAT WAS ONE EFFECT OF THE SWITCH TO FARMING?
People stopped moving around to find food, populations grew and towns developed.
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UNIT 2: MESOPOTAMIA7. WHAT ARE TWO OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF SUMER?
Bronze and the wheel8. BETWEEN WHICH RIVERS DID MESOPOTAMIA DEVELOP?
Tigris and Euphrates9. “IF A MAN PUT OUT THE EYE OF ANOTHER MAN, HIS EYE SHALL BE PUT OUT” AND “IF HE BREAK ANOTHER MAN’S BONE HIS BONE SHALL BE BROKEN” ARE EXAMPLES OF WHICH SET OF LAWS?
Hammurabi’s Code10. WHAT PART OF SUMER’S SOCIAL HEIRARCHY CLAIMED TO BE CHOSEN BY THE GODS?
The Kings
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UNIT 3: EGYPT & KUSH
11. HOW WERE THE SOCIETIES OF EGYPT AND KUSH STRUCTURED?
Pharaohs, then nobles, scribes, craftspeople, then farmers, servants, slaves12. WHAT WAS THE ROLE OF THE GODS IN EGYPTIAN RELIGION?
Egptians believed the gods were part of the earth’s natural forces (sky, sun etc)13. WHAT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY FACILITATED EGYPTIAN CONTACT WITH DISTANT LANDS?
Egyptians established trade routes.
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UNIT 4: INDIA14. WHAT WAS THE LANGUAGE IN WHCH THE ARYAN POEMS AND HYMNS WERE WRITTEN?
Sanskrit15. WHY IS THE GANGES RIVER SIGNIFICANT AS BOTH A PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL FEATURE OF INDIA?
Fertile river valleys allowed for agriculture and the development of civilization; the Ganges still holds religious significance today.16. HOW DID A PERSON BECOME A MEMBER OF A CASTE?
Membership based on birth, wealth, or occupation17. WHAT ARE THE STEPS TO THE EIGHTFOLD PATH THAT BUDDHA BELIEVED PEOPLE SHOULD FOLLOW TO ATTAIN ENLIGHTENMENT?
Eightfold path and four noble truths18. HOW WERE IDEAS LIKE INDIA’S DECIMAL SYSTEM AND THE ARAB’S CONCEPT OF ZERO SHARED?
Through contact ideas were shared and spread. This is known as cultural diffusion.
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UNIT 5: CHINA19. WHAT MADE CHINA’S RIVER VALLEYS IDEAL FOR FARMING?
The fertile soil along the river banks.20. WHAT DID ZHOU KINGS CLAIM TO RECEIVE THEIR AUTHORITY TO RULE FROM?
From the Mandate of Heaven21. WHERE DID THE SILK ROAD BEGIN AND END?
Began in central China, ended at Mediterranean Sea22. WHO WAS THE BUDDHA? WHAT DOES THE TERM “BUDDHA” MEAN?
A prince who found enlightenment; Enlightened One.23. WHAT GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES LIMITED TRAVEL IN CHINA?
Mountains and deserts6
UNIT 6: HEBREW & JUDAISM
24. WHAT ARE THE 5 BOOKS AND MOST SACRED TEXT OF JUDAISM CALLED?
Torah25. WHAT DO SCHOLARS CALL THE DISPERSAL OF THE JEWS OUTSIDE OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH?
Diaspora26. WHAT RELIGION GREATLY INFLUENCED OTHER CULTURES IN EUROPE AND THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE?
Judaism27. WHICH GROUP OF PEOPLE WERE THE FIRST TO HAVE THE
BELIEF THAT THERE IS ONLY ONE GOD?Hebrews 7
UNIT 7: ANCIENT GREECE
28. UNDER CLEISTHENES’ LEADERSHIP, ATHENS DEVELOPED THE WORLD’S FIRST DEMOCRACY. ONLY MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY WERE ALLOWED TO VOTE. WHICH CITIZENS WERE CONSIDERED MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY?
Males29. WHAT GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITY-STATES IN ANCIENT GREECE?
the mountainous terrain lead to the development of city-states
30. WHAT IS DIRECT DEMOCRACY?each person had a direct vote
31. READ THE EXCERPT, THEN ANSWER. WHAT DOES PERICLES MEAN WHEN HE SAYS THAT ATHENS SERVES AS AN EXAMPLE TO ITS NEIGHBORS?
Athen’s government is a model for others and copied.
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UNIT 8: GREEK WORLD
32. WHAT DID ANCIENT GREEK WRITING, THE REPUBLIC, DESCRIBE?Plato’s idea of an ideal society
33. HOW DID ALEXANDER HELP SPREAD GREEK CULTURE THROUGHOUT HIS EMPIRE?
Hellenistic era: new cities built based on Greek cities, theatres and temples34. HOW DID THE CULTURES THAT ALEXANDER THE GREAT CONQUERED CHANGE AFTER HIS DEATH?
they kept some of their own customs and combined others with Greek ideas to create the Hellenistic culture35. WHICH CITY-STATE WON THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR?
Sparta36. WHY DID THE WOMEN OF SPARTA HAVE MORE RIGHTS THAN THE WOMEN OF ATHENS?
Women took over for the men while they were at war.
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UNIT 9: ROMAN REPUBLIC
37. WHY DO YOU THINK THE FOUNDERS OF THE UNITED STATES BORROWED IDEAS FROM ROMAN GOVERNMENT?
It was a government run by many; it worked well for the Roman republic38. WHICH CHARACTERISTICS DID NOT APPLY TO ROMAN GOVERNMENT?
D –equality of all people39. WHO WERE THE CONSULS?
Two leaders elected to run the city of Rome.
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UNIT 10: ROME & CHRISTIANITY
40. WHAT FORM OF GOVERNMENT TOOK CONTROL OF ROME WHEN THE REPUBLIC NO LONGER EXISTED?
empire of dictatorship41. WHAT FORM OF GOVERNMENT DID ROME HAVE BEFORE IT BECAME A REPUBLIC?
monarchy42. HOW DID THE EMPEROR CONSTANTINE HELP SPREAD THE RELIGION OF CHRISTIANITY THROUGHOUT THE ROMAN EMPIRE?
removed the ban on religion43. ON WHAT RELIGION WERE THE TEACHINGS OF CHRISTIANITY BASED?
Judaism44. WHAT FACTORS WEAKENED THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT AND LED TO ITS DECLINE?
became to large communication was difficult, corruption of government officials, government no longer efficient
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UNIT 11: THE EARLY AMERICAS
45. WHAT WERE THE PRIMARY FACTORS THAT HELPED THE SPANISH CONQUER THE AZTECS AND INCAS?
Spanish invaders had superior weapons, European diseases, and problems existed within the two empires46. HOW DID THE MAYA CHANGE THEIR ENVIRONMENT TO IMPROVE CITY LIFE?
terraced the land for farming, paved areas for public gatherings, built canals47. WHERE WAS THE INCA EMPIRE LOCATED? WHAT KINDS OF TERRAIN WERE INCLUDED?
along the west coast of South America; coastal deserts, snowy mountains, fertile valleys, thick forests48. HOW DID THE AZTECS ADAPT THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT TO CREATE ADDITIONAL LAND FOR FARMING?
because the land was swampy, the Aztecs created floating gardens made of river silt piled on large rafts.49. WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES OF THE EARLY AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS?
observatories, calendars, architecture50. READ THE EXERPTS. BASED ON CIERZO’S DESCRIPTION, WHAT CONCLUSION CAN YOU DRAW ABOUT THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY THE INCAS?
he was impressed by the extensive roads and engineering.
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