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16vol. 33 no. 3

Letter from the Executive Director

Volunteer News

2013 Annual Dinner

Zach in Time By james "zach" zachariasFlorida's French Connection

The Family of Napoleon Bonaparte

Giving News By jessi jackson smithDouble the Impact of Your Next Donation

MOAS Guild News By joan horneff

Winter Programming Calendar

Over & Out By seth mayoBeginning to See the (star)Light

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For the latest MOAS news and information, connect with us at Facebook.com/moasdaytona

IN ThIS ISSuE

Meet the Parents......brothers, sisters, wives and extended family of French military leader and emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte, in this feature devoted to exploring his family history. Then, join us at MOAS to

discover more at "Napoleon: Empire and Heritage" on exhibit through February 2014.

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MOAS STAFF Letter from the eXecUtiVe Director

4 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

Dear frienDs,The beginning of 2014 finds the Museum in the midst of an exciting period of expansion, reconstruction and revitalization. With each visit, you’ll notice the evolution of the Cici and Hyatt Brown Museum of

Art, the Root Family train car enclosure and the new Planetarium site…and soon, the rest of the West Wing.This past fall, the ceremonial last beam was placed atop the Cici and Hyatt Brown Museum of Art. The outside structural work continues and soon, the internal construction will be the main focus. In the coming months, we will welcome further pieces from the Brown’s collection for display in our lobby. The selections focus on the history of St. Augustine and will be the second in our series of preview exhibits for the new Museum. In addition to work on the train enclosure, the careful and conscientious process of refurbishing the Root Family train cars themselves will begin shortly. This process will ensure the preservation of these popular and important pieces of the Museum’s collection, as will the newly enclosed, climate controlled space. The new train enclosure will also allow the Root Family’s sizeable railroad collection to be exhibited alongside the railcars. It’s always great fun to celebrate the railroad’s rich history – in fact, when I arrived, it was a nice surprise to find the Great Northern Railway sign which is from a railroad that ran through my hometown in England.The construction of the new Planetarium is the initial part of the West Wing rebuild, which will start in full this coming spring. The Museum is working painstakingly to ensure our visitors and members have

access to much of the West Wing features during this reconstruction process. Planetarium shows will continue and will be held in the auditorium in the Root Family Museum. Artwork will be temporarily re-located in the North Wing’s Ford Gallery during this time. We are looking forward to exhibiting and highlighting pieces from each of the galleries and hope you will enjoy seeing some of your favorites in a different light.The Annual Dinner and Meeting saw the Museum’s new Board of Trustees installed. These dedicated volunteers continue to drive the Museum forward into a bright, innovative and modern future for both the Museum itself and the arts in our community. Their hard work is greatly appreciated and I am looking forward to the coming months and years as the Museum of Arts & Sciences continues our growth as the cultural center of the region.Even with all the future excitement, we are focused on delivering special exhibits and programming for you to enjoy now. Through February, two exhibitions including works from the MOAS Collection are highlighted in the North Wing. Great Impressions: The Intaglio Process features etching, wood and metal engraving, aquatints and lithography. Artists include Rembrandt, Piranesi, Audubon, Renoir and Dali. In addition, many pieces from the Museum’s comprehensive Napoleonic collection feature in Napoleon: Empire and Heritage. There is a great deal of energy around the Museum and the greater Daytona Beach area, and we are so appreciative of all the support we’ve received from our members and guests, as well as our community and its leaders. We thank all of you for your continued support as the Museum makes great strides to serve as the cultural heart of a community which is thriving. We look forward to sharing the Museum’s growth and successes with each of you and as always, we look forward to seeing you around the Museum during this New Year.

4 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

Executive DirectorANDREW SANDALL

Administration StaffRENE BELL ADAMS, Director of Communications

SHERMAN COLEMAN, Director of FinanceERIC GOIRE, Director of Operations

JESSI JACKSON SMITH, Director of Grants and DevelopmentBRANDY MAHLER, Development Assistant

ISRAEL TAYLOR, Physical Plant AssistantPATRICIA NIKOLLA, Guest Relations Manager

JENNIFER GILL, Visitor ServicesDAN MAYNARD, Facilities Assistant

ROBERT WOHLRAB, Security and Visitor ServicesTYLER K. ADAIR, Security

LEE ASHTON, SecurityROGER BOWERS, SecurityBILL CHRISTIAN, SecurityCODY ROGERS, Security

ROY SHAFFER, JR., Coordinator - Dow Museum of Historic Houses

Curatorial StaffCYNTHIA DuVAL,

Chief Curator and Curator of Decorative Arts and Gary R. Libby Curator of Art

J. ”ZACH” ZACHARIAS, Senior Curator of Education and Curator of History

SETH MAYO, Curator of AstronomyLuIS ZENGOTITA, Science and Education Associate

ERIC MAuK, Collections Manager and RegistrarBONNIE JONES, Conservator - PaintingsED VAN HOOSE, Conservator - Furniture

Executive Director EmeritusGARY R. LIBBY

EditorRENE BELL ADAMS

Contributing WritersRENE BELL ADAMS

CYNTHIA DuVALJOAN HORNEFF

JESSI JACKSON SMITHBRANDY MAHLER

SETH MAYOJ. ”ZACH” ZACHARIAS

Art DirectorNIKKI MASTANDO, MASTANDO MEDIA

ANDREW SANDALL

MOAS ExEcutivE DirEctOr, AnDrEw SAnDAll, with hyAtt AnD cici BrOwn, SignS thE lASt ExtEriOr BEAM Of thE cici AnD hyAtt BrOwn MuSEuM Of Art.

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ABOUT THE MUSEUM BoarD of trUstees anD sPonsors

Arts & Sciences is published quarterly by the Museum of Arts & Sciences, 352 S. Nova Road, Daytona Beach, Florida 32114, telephone 386.255.0285, web site

www.moas.org. Income from contributors helps offset a portion of the expense involved in the production of this publication.

ADVERTISING INQUIRIESAll inquiries regarding advertising should be directed to the MOAS Communications

Department at 386.255.0285, ext. 320.

2014 BoarD of trUsteesCarol Lively Platig, President

Jill Warren, Vice President Amy Workowski, Second Vice President

Melinda Dawson, SecretaryChris Lydecker, Treasurer

Thomas Zane, Trustee LiaisonCici Brown, Past President

Bridget Bergens Liz Chanfrau

Thurman Gillespy, Jr., MDLinda M. HallThomas HartJanet Jacobs

J. Lester KaneyJanice Allen-Kelsey, PhD

Kim A. Klancke, MDCarl W. Lentz III, MDEvelyn Lynn, EdD

Eileen McDermottBill McMunn

Ellen O’ShaughnessyCory Walker

Linda WilliamsBarbara Young

Allison Morris Zacharias

honorary trUsteesMiriam Blickman

Anderson Bouchelle (Deceased)J. Hyatt Brown

Alys Clancy (Deceased)Tippen Davidson (Deceased)

Susan FeiblemanHerbert Kerman (Deceased)Chapman Root (Deceased)Jan Thompson (Deceased)

REPRESENTATIVESJoan Horneff,

President of the Guild of the Museum of Arts & Sciences

ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE 5

ABOUT THE MUSEUM OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

The Museum of Arts and Sciences is a not-for-profit educational institution, chartered by the State of Florida in 1962 and accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. Museum collections and research include Cuban and Florida art, American fine and decorative arts, European fine and decorative arts, pre-Columbian and African artifacts, Pleistocene fossils, Florida history and regional natural history. Permanent and changing exhibitions, lectures, and classes highlight educational programs. The Museum houses changing arts and sciences exhibition galleries, permanent collection galleries, a gallery of American art, paintings, decorative arts and furniture, Cuban Fine and Folk Art Museum, a planetarium, library, the Frischer Sculpture Garden, maintains nature trails in a 90-acre preserve in adjacent Tuscawilla Park, and operates Gamble Place in Port Orange and the Dow Museum of Historic Houses in St. Augustine. The Museum also houses the Charles and Linda Williams Children’s Museum.

The Museum of Arts and Sciences is recognized by the State of Florida as a major cultural institution and receives major funding from the State of Florida, Department of State, Division of Cultural Affairs and the Florida Council on Arts and Culture.

Major Museum programs and activities for members, school children and the general public are also supported by grants from the County of Volusia, the Guild of the Museum of Arts and Sciences, the Junior League of Daytona Beach, Target®, Elfun Community Fund, and the uCF Educational Partnership.

MuSEuM HOuRS:9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday11 a.m. - 5 p.m. Sundays

The Museum of Arts and Sciences is committed to the Americans with Disabilities Act by making our facility and programs accessible to all people. If you have any special requirements, suggestions, or recommendations, please contact our representative, Andrew Sandall, at 386.255.0285. If you prefer, you may contact the Cultural Council of Volusia County representative at 386.257.6000, or the Division of Cultural Affairs, The Capitol, Tallahassee 850.487.2980, or TT 850.488.5779.

A COPY OF THE OFFICIAL REGISTRATION AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE DIVISION OF CONSuMER SERVICES BY CALLING TOLL-FREE WITHIN THE STATE. REGISTRATION DOES NOT IMPLY ENDORSEMENT, APPROVAL OR RECOMMENDATION BY THE STATE. THE TOLL FREE NuMBER IS 1.800.435.7352. FLORIDA REGISTRATION #CH-1851

major sPonsorsGOLD

Bright House NetworksBrown & Brown, Inc.Cici and Hyatt Brown

Guild of the Museum of Arts & SciencesHalifax Health

Travel Host MagazineYP®

Zgraph, Inc.

SILVERBethune-Cookman university

Cobb ColeDaytona Beach News-Journal

Daytona International SpeedwayEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical university

Gary R. Libby TrustMastando Media

NASCAR ®Gene and Diane Rogers

BRONZEBahama House

Best Western Aku Tiki InnBomar Construction

Encore Catering of Central FloridaFlorida Hospital Memorial Medical Center

Consuelo and Richard Hartmann Ed and Pat JacksonJon Hall Chevrolet

Dr. and Mrs. Kim A. KlanckeJill Simpkins and L. Gale Lemerand

Chris and Charlie Lydecker Publix Super Markets Charities

Stuart and Lisa SixmaDavid and Toni Slick

SunTrust Bankuniversity of Central Florida

Tom and Sena Zane

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Cici and Hyatt Brown received the inaugural Philanthropists of the Year award by the Volusia-Flagler Chapter of the Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP) in celebration of National Philanthropy Day in November. The Browns were nominated for their ardent and passionate advocacy over the past four decades. They have been MOAS supporters and volunteers continually since 1971, when Mrs. Brown began her service as a Museum docent.

In 2012, the Browns made a $14.3 Million gift to the Museum to construct the new 26,000 square foot Cici and Hyatt Brown Museum of Art which will be the new permanent home of their collection of more than 2,700 paintings of Florida, to be donated to MOAS over the next several years.

The opening of the Museum in early 2015 will be the culmination of Cici and Hyatt Brown’s rich legacy of giving time, resources and financial support that began 40 years ago and will continue to benefit our community for generations to come.

LuciLLe "Lu" RobeRtsMy husband Bill and I moved to Florida from upstate New York 20 years ago and have loved every minute we've been here (even including the loss of a room to Hurricane Frances). Most of my time is occupied with volunteering. In addition to working in the gift shop at MOAS, I also volunteer at Daytona Playhouse, the News-Journal Center and my church, Covenant UMC in Port Orange. But, my life is not all work, I also enjoy sewing, quilting, crocheting, reading mystery novels and singing in the church choir.

I realize the big attraction in Daytona Beach is supposed to be the sand and water but I believe the opportunity to enjoy art, theater, a myriad of cultural events and natural beauty certainly adds to the overall package. It has been very exciting to watch the progress on the Cici and Hyatt Brown Museum of Art as it materializes, as if by magic. When the new Museum is complete, it will certainly be icing on the cake and add to the great exhibits and programs already available.

CICI AND hyATT BrOWN NAMED 2013

PhiLanthroPists of the year

VOLuNTEEr of the QUarter

Erin McGuire-Thompson served as an intern in the Museum’s Astronomy Department for three months this year. During her tenure, she created a new laser introduction for the 2nd Saturday Laser Concerts. Erin developed animated custom content using the MOAS planetarium laser software.

A native of Lexington, Kentucky, Erin began her career as an actor after receiving a Bachelor's degree in Dramatic Arts from Centre College. When the chance to expand her creative career arose, she relocated to Athens, Georgia where she earned her Master's degree in Dramatic Media from the University of Georgia. While her degree was focused primarily on 3D computer animation, Erin began to merge her skills in computer and studio arts to explore other animation styles, from hand drawn to stop motion.

Erin's new career path has brought her to Florida where she has been interning and working with laser animations at the Museum of Arts and Sciences as well as with the marketing department at the Amelia Island Museum of History. She is currently working with Cinematique in downtown Daytona Beach to plan the theatre's upcoming Florida Animation Festival.

Through her MOAS internship, she learned a great deal about many facets of laser visualization which now complements her repertoire of skills. Samples of her work can be seen at erinmcguirethompson.com

If you or someone you know is interested in an internship position with the Museum of Arts & Sciences, please go to www.moas.org for more information.

INTERN SPOTLIGHT eRiN McGuiRe tHoMPsoN

KEnt ryAn, prESiDEnt Of thE vOluSiA-flAglEr chAptEr Of Afp, prESEntS thE 2013 philAnthrOpiStS Of thE yEAr AwArD tO cici AnD hyAtt BrOwn. cOurtESy Of vOluSiA-

flAglEr Afp. phOtO By lAncE rOthwEll

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THE PEABODY

SHOWSSOME OF OUR UPCOMING

DAYTONA BEACH • 386-671-3460

PeabodyDaytona.com

/peabodyauditorium

JANUARY 3Gregg Allman

FEBRUARY 5Lily Tomlin

FEBRUARY 14Bobby Vinton

FEBRUAFEBRUARY 18Memphis

FEBRUARY 19Wayne Brady

FEBRUARY 27Celtic Woman

MARCH 18Take Me Home:

The Music The Music of John Denver

APRIL 15Million Dollar

Quartet

May 3The Addams Family

June 15HippiefestHippiefest

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At the Annual Meeting, the Museum recognized those who have made some of the most significant contributions to this year’s efforts with the following awards:

The Marge Sigerson Volunteer of the Year Award, which recognizes exceptional volunteerism with the Museum of Arts & Sciences, was presented to Tom Davis.

The Award of Distinction is offered in honor of longtime support and outstanding service to the Museum of Arts and Sciences and was presented to Elaine and Dr. Thurman Gillespy, Jr.

The Henry Saltzman Award is granted by the Board of Trustees of the Museum of Arts and Sciences in appreciation of extraordinary efforts toward enriching the educational and cultural climate of Volusia County.

The Museum recognized Mr. Glenn Ritchey, who as President and Chief Executive Officer of Jon Hall Automotive Group/Ritchey Autos, Southeast Automotive Management,

MOAS 2013 ANNUAL DINNER

fOrMEr DAytOnA BEAch MAyOr, glEnn ritchEy, rEcEivES thE MuSEuM Of ArtS & SciEncES' hEnry SAltzMAn AwArD frOM ExEcutivE DirEctOr, AnDrEw SAnDAll

has been a longtime friend of the Museum of Arts and Sciences and a supporter of the arts in the Daytona Beach area. During his tenure as Mayor of Daytona Beach, he offered the City’s assistance to the Museum after a tropical storm severely flooded the West Wing in May of 2009.

Subsequently, he assisted the Museum in efforts to ob-tain FEMA mitigation grant funds to rebuild the dam-aged areas. In 2011, when prehistoric mastodon fos-sils were discovered on City property being prepared for a new park, Mayor Ritchey delayed construction and allowed the Museum time to excavate and preserve the remains. In partnership with the County of Volusia, Mayor Ritchey assisted in the transfer of City owned land to the Museum for the new Cici and Hyatt Brown Museum of Art. We thank Mr. Ritchey for all he does for our community.

We thank all of our award recipients for their continued dedication and support of the Museum of Arts & Sciences in this exciting time of rejuvenation and modernization, along with our community as a whole.

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the Battle for Empire Begins - 1565

The French influence on our state dates back to the founding of one of Florida’s earliest settlements, Fort Caroline, in 1564. This settlement of French Huguenots sparked the first bloody battle for control of North America and its resources between the European powers of France and Spain. The settlement, located on the high bluffs of the St. Johns River in present day Jacksonville, became the scene of a horrific and conclusive battle for control of the southeast region of North America.

In 1564, expedition leaders Jean Ribault and Rene de Laudonniere constructed a triangular fort which became a settlement with hundreds of French colonists and soldiers. Soon after their arrival, the colonists scoured the countryside looking futilely for gold. The colony neglected proper preparations for food production and soon, the colony fell into famine. Desperate, some of the soldiers commandeered one of the colony’s ships and intended to engage in piracy. A Spanish patrol captured one of the ships and were thereby alerted to the French presence in La Florida. Spain did not tolerate this intrusion on their Florida territory, and summarily dispatched Pedro Menendez de Aviles to vanquish the Huguenots and remove them from the territory. Menendez set up a base of operations at a small harbor 35 miles south of the colony at a place he called “St. Augustine.”

A French counter-attack, originating from Fort Caroline, failed to engage Menendez forces at St. Augustine - a fierce storm having scattered their ships up and down the coast of east Central Florida. From his new position, Menendez led a daring overland early morning raid and destroyed the French Huguenot settlement - killing all but 50 women and children. Menendez later learned of

Panorama of the City of St. auguStine and the CaStillo San marCoS, 1886, frAnK hEnry ShAplEigh, Oil On cAnvAS

(continued)

BY: J. ”Zach” ZachariasSenior Curator of Education and

Curator of History

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shipwrecked survivors and tracked them down only to slaughter most of them at Matanzas Inlet - creating an international scene of outrage. This is where the current inlet gets its name, Matanzas meaning “inlet of slaughter.” After the destruction of Fort Caroline, the French gave up any further attempts to settle the Southeast region of North America.

Narrowly escaping the massacre were Rene de Laudonniere, one of the leaders of the expedition, and French artist, Jacques le Moyne. They promptly sailed back to France. Le Moyne was the official artist and cartographer sent by the king to document the area. His depictions of Northeast Florida, created from memory in France after the destruction of the settlement, have become of great historical

importance. Jacques le Moyne was the first artist to depict the original inhabitants of North America. Engraver Theodore DeBry, with the intention of publication, eventually acquired le Moyne’s drawings and sketches of the Timucuan people from Northeast Florida. In 1591, he published a book with these images and descriptions of Northeast Florida. Although he altered the drawings to fit the artistic tradition of the day, it was the first time Europeans could visualize how the original people of America lived.

the story of a French Corsair - 1686In 1686, French Corsair Nicholas de Grammont attempted an unsuccessful siege on St. Augustine.

Grammont’s forces captured a small post and watchtower at Matanzas Inlet. From there, the strategy was a sneak attack on St. Augustine via the river. The townspeople, alerted to the presence of the French Corsair, barricaded themselves in St. Augustine’s newly built coquina fort - Castillo de San Marcos. The backdoor attack by Grammont’s forces was eventually repulsed by a detachment of soldiers in the vicinity of Matanzas.

Grammont, now impatient, maneuvered his ships for a blockade of St. Augustine’s harbor, hoping to capitalize from Spanish shipments of flour and soldier pay. For 16 days, the entrance was blocked - Grammont hoping to eventually starve out the citizens of the lonely Spanish outpost. The turning point came when a small Spanish ship broke through the blockade and set

For More, Join JaMes ̏Zach ̋ Zacharias February 7, at 2pM For F̏ront porch talk at GaMble place: John JaMes audubon in Florida. ̋

see calendar on paGe 25 For details.

grEAt whitE hErOn, JOhn JAMES AuDuBOn, 1860

12 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

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off to alert authorities in Havana. With new worries of a much stronger force appearing on the horizon, Grammont weighed anchor and never returned.

Campbell Town - 1763In 1763, as a result of winning the French and Indian War, the British acquired Florida and divided the territory into two halves - East and West. The capital of West Florida was Pensacola and the East, St. Augustine. The British had plans to make West Florida a grand financial success. London newspapers publicized new opportunities to seize and fortunes to make.

In 1765, a group of French Huguenots living in London departed on an adventure to start new lives in West Florida, landing 10 miles north of Pensacola on the Escambia River. The group of 48 petitioned the government and acquired 20,000 acres of land with the intent of producing wine and rearing silkworms. This new town was called “Campbell Town.”

The governor of West Florida laid out the town grid and the newcomers were given two seats in the electoral district. Poor leadership, bad soil, unhealthy conditions and constant harassment from local Indians made life difficult at Campbell Town. Malaria and yellow fever plagued the new colony and after three years it was abandoned. The Revolutionary War would put an end to England’s dream of a financial paradise in West Florida.

the Great Artist and Naturalist - 1831Celebrated French-American artist and naturalist, John James Audubon, visited Florida in January of 1831 to discover and document new bird species for what would eventually become his authoritative tome, “The Birds of America.” While in Florida, he discovered 52 bird species with which he had been unfamiliar, sojourning the newly acquired U.S. territory by foot, horse, canoe and schooner.

Born in Haiti to a French sea captain and his mistress, the young Audubon was reared in Nantes, France by his father and stepmother. Fearing inscription into Napoleon’s Grand Army, his father sent him to America. At 18, he arrived in New York and then moved to Mill

Grove, Pennsylvania to oversee investment property his father owned. While living at Mill Grove, he conducted the first known bird banding experiments and taught himself taxidermy. After marrying his neighbor, Lucy Bakewell, and moving to the Kentucky frontier, he tried his hand at business only to fail and end up in debtor’s prison.

Upon his release, he set off to realize his passion and so began his 12-year journey to document the birds of North America. He eventually made his way to Florida, arriving in the town of St. Augustine in January of 1831. He disliked St. Augustine - it reminded him of a “dusty old French village,” he stated. Overall, the Florida peninsula was disappointing to him. He felt it was nothing but mile after mile of swamp. From St. Augustine, he made his way to the St. Johns River and then to present day Volusia County where he stayed at John Bulow’s Plantation, “Bulowville.”

Bulow’s plantation was one of the largest plantations in Florida with over 150 slaves producing sugar, rice and indigo. Audubon used the plantation as a base to seek out the Brown Pelican, which he found on the Halifax River at Live Oak Point - present day Ponce Inlet. He shot and catalogued many specimens and returned to Bulowville on an

arduous journey that took several days. His small group of boats was hit by a cold and dangerous storm from the Northeast. Abandoning the boats, Audubon and the slave companions accompanying him eventually reached the refuge of Bulow Plantation.

After about two months, Audubon rode on horseback to the plantation of Colonel Orlando Reese on Lake Woodruff - present day Ponce de Leon State Park. From there, he eventually made his way to Key West and the Dry Tortugas. Although Audubon did not care for the likes of Northeast Florida, he fell in love with the Keys.

While in Florida, he created the beautiful watercolors (of now familiar bird species) that would become the featured plates in “The Birds of America” - the Flamingo, Roseate Spoonbill, Brown Pelican, Cormorant, Sooty Tern and many more. Audubon’s legacy will forever be his encyclopedic reference book of America’s avian inhabitants.

The Cracker Prince

of Florida - 1824It is hard to believe the Florida frontier was once home to a French prince. Exiled from France as a result of the downfall of the Napoleonic Empire, Charles Louis Napoleon

exiled FroM France as a result oF the downFall oF the

napoleonic eMpire, Charles Louis

Napoleon Achille Murat, napoleon’s

nephew and the crown prince

oF naples, Made northeast Florida

his hoMe in the sprinG oF 1824.

princE nApOlEOn AchillE MurAt, MAriE-ElEOnOrE gODEfrOiD (1778-1849), Oil On cAnvAS

`

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Achille Murat, Napoleon’s nephew and the crown prince of Naples, made Northeast Florida his home in the spring of 1824.

His former residence in St. Augustine is one of the homes featured at the Museum’s Dow Museum of Historic Houses. One of the oldest colonial houses in the city, the Murat House bears the name of its illustrious and famed owner.

Murat was considered an oddball eccentric by local residents, displaying unusual behavior; nonetheless, he came to be one of the town’s favorites. He was known to conduct business affairs on the beach, even as the surf rolled up underneath his furniture - it did not seem to bother him that his furniture washed out to sea. He was known to drive cattle with a whip just like the cracker cowboys.

Achille was also known to cook and dine on an eclectic array of food - from woodpecker, rattlesnake, owl and lizards to stewed alligator.

Embracing American life, Murat eventually became a citizen and joined the local militia during the Second Seminole War. He dressed in homespun buckskin clothes - and would even marry George Washington’s great grandniece, Catherine Willis Gray, and serve as Mayor of Tallahassee. Achille Murat, “Cracker Prince of Florida” is buried in Tallahassee at the Episcopal Cemetery.

Merci Box Car 40 and 8 - 1949After World War II, Drew Pearson, a popular news broadcaster, was the main force behind the “American

Friendship Train.” This program, designed to give aid to France and Italy, raised some $40 million dollars in relief for the war-ravaged countries. The “Merci Box Cars” delivered some 700 rail cars full of supplies. These boxcars received their name from the number of men or horses they carried during the war, 40 soldiers or 8 horses.

To show their appreciation, the National Headquarters of French War Veterans sent back one rail car for each state, filled with 5 tons of gifts from the people of France. On February 3, 1949, a boxcar for each state arrived in America. Florida’s original Merci Box Car 40 and 8 is located at the “Memorial Box Park” on Ridgewood Avenue in Holly Hill, Florida. It stands as a monument to those who served in World War II.

Florida’s oriGinal Merci Box Car 40 and 8 is located at the “MeMorial box park” on ridGewood avenue in holly hill, Florida. it stands as a MonuMent to

those who served in world war ii.

MErci BOx cAr 40 AnD 80

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The Family of

Napoleon Bonaparte

Explore the family history of Napoleon I, French military and political leader, Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815, and subject of Napoleon:

Empire and Heritage, on display now through February 2014 at MOAS. The exhibition highlights his life and that of his heir, Napoleon III.

Joseph BonaparteBrother

In 1806, the Emperor gave him the Kingdom of Naples, which he traded for the Spanish throne in 1808. During the Hundred Days, he presided over the council of Ministers in the Emperor’s absence. After Waterloo, he fled to the United States and settled in Point Breeze near Philadelphia.

Lucien BonaparteBrother

After the death of his first wife, Lucien decided to remarry and chose Alexandrine Jacob de Bleschamp, when Napoleon was planning to have him marry the Queen of Etruria. Their relationship deteriorated and then was broken off completely. In 1815, the two brothers resolved their differences, and Lucien was

named a French prince.

Elisa BonaparteSiSter

She succeeded in having her brother name her Princess of Piombino in 1805, and of Lucca in 1806, and finally Grand Duchess of Tuscany in 1809. She took her role as ruler very seriously, and proved to be both an active patron of the arts and a competent overseer of

her estates.

Louis BonaparteBrother

First named Grand Constable, Louis was made King of Holland in 1806, but ignoring his brother’s injunctions, he supported Dutch interest instead of giving his full support to the French blockade against England. In 1810, he was forced to flee to Austria, and Holland became part of

the French Empire. 16 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

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Madame Mèrenée Litizia ramoLino, napoLeon’S mother

In 1764, at the age of 15, she married Charles-Marie Bonaparte, by whom she had thirteen children, eight of which survived. The success of her son Napoleon did not impress her, and she did not attend the Coronation in 1804. When she returned to Paris, and after 1805, her official title was “Her Imperial

Highness, Madame Mère, the Mother of the Emperor.”

napoLeon’S Father

Charles-Marie Bonaparte was born in Corsica in 1746, the son of a family which came to Corsica from Genoa in the fifteenth century. Having obtained his law degree, he was named

assessor of the royal jurisdiction of Ajaccio.

Caroline BonaparteSiSter

In 1800, she married Joachim Murat, once one of Napoleon’s faithful followers. In 1808, they received the Kingdom of Naples and tried to exercise a certain degree of independence, something the Emperor was not prepared to grant. This betrayal of Napoleon cost them their throne. After the execution of her husband in 1815, Caroline lived in Italy under the pseudonym of Countess de Lipona (an anagram of Napoli,

the Italian name for Naples).

Jerome BonaparteBrother

After having fought courageously at Waterloo, he was ultimately exiled to Rome. When his nephew Louis-Napoleon took power, he returned to politics. He was named Governor of the Invalides, Maréchal of France and President

of the Senate.

SiSter

In 1806, she became Princess Borghese and Duchess of Guastalla, leading a life of luxury, full of romantic intrigues. Always devoted and faithful to her older brother, she went to Elba in 1814 to be with Napoleon and unsuccessfully tried to reach Saint

Helena.

Charles-Marie Bonaparte

Pauline Bonaparte

The Immediate Family

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18 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

Wives, Children and Extended Family

JosephinenapoLeon'S FirSt WiFe

An elegant widow, Josephine was much admired on the social scene, eventually meeting the young general Napoleon Bonaparte who almost at once fell in love with her. In March 1796, they were civilly married. Having not produced a longed-for son and heir, Napoleon divorced her finally in 1810. However, it was Josephine’s name on his lips as he lay dying on the barren island

of St. Helena, in 1821.

napoLeon iii

Born in 1808, the nephew and heir of Napoleon I, was the son of Napoleon’s brother Louis, the King of Holland and Hortense de Beauharnais, daughter of Josephine, first Empress of France. He was triumphantly crowned Emperor in 1852. Thus was the birth of the Second

Empire.

Marie LouisenapoLeon'S Second WiFe

In a purely political move, at age 19, she was chosen by Napoleon and married once his divorce from Josephine was finalized. She bore Napoleon’s son in 1811. Renowned for having introduced a gentle etiquette into the French court, she was also politically savvy, having acted as French regent in Napoleon’s place several times. When fate caused Napoleon to abdicate in 1814 and he left France for Elba, she returned to

Austria, never to see him again.

Eugenie

Napoleon III led her to the altar of Nôtre Dame in 1853. Not just a lovely, desirable woman who had enchanted, then captured an Emperor, she was also a woman of action, beginning to take a role in political affairs just three years after giving birth to an imperial heir - son Napoleon-Eugene-Luis-Bonaparte.

Napoleon Francois-Joseph Charles

napoLeon iiSon oF napoLeon & marie LouiSe

He officially bore the title the King of Rome when in France, although known as the Duke of Reichstadt in Austria. Napoléon II was destined to rule; however, having fought his own battles with ill health all his life, he

died of tuberculosis in 1832.

Napoleon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph

the prince imperiaL

The only child of Napoléon III and his Empress Consort Eugenie - His godfather was Pope Pius 1X; his godmother, Queen Victoria. A soldier at heart all his life, he joined the British in Africa for the Zulu War in 1879 and

was killed trying to lead a charge.

counteSS oF teBa, WiFe oF napoLeon iii

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte

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20 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

DOuBLE ThE IMPACTof yoUr neXt Donation

IMPORTANT GIVING NEWS

Did you know that your generous donation to the museum of arts & sciences could actually generate twice as much benefit for moas? The company you work for, or are retired from, might be one of hundreds of corporations that match their employee, retiree and board director donations made to an eligible not-for-profit – like MOAS!

Matching gift programs play a major role in corporate social responsibility initiatives and are offered by companies all around the world. About 65% of Fortune 500 companies (and many others) match employee donations. Most companies match employee gifts dollar for dollar, and some will double or even triple donor gifts.

AppleBank of America®

BoeingBP (British Petroleum)Bristol-Myers SquibbCarMax®

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Eli Lilly and CompanyExxon MobileFordGap CorporationGoogleHP® (Hewlett-Packard)IBMIntel®Johnson & Johnson

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And there are hundreds more participating companies!

Corporations who have matched gifts to the Museum recently include AIG, AT&T, CoCa-Cola®, GE Foundation, Morgan-Stanley and Pfizer. Other companies with matching gift programs include:

to initiate a corporate matching gift for moas, ask your human resources representative about guidelines for your company.

Verify with your personnel department what contributions they will match and what information they will need. If your gift is eligible, request a matching gift form from your employer, and send it, fully completed and signed, along with your gift to the Museum.

Every gift, no matter the size, makes a difference. Please help the Museum continue its mission to inspire, cultivate curiosity and promote lifelong learning in art, science and history by doubling the impact of your next donation.

Corporate matching gifts to MOas support cultural programs in our community. For assistance setting up a matching gift with your company, or for more information about giving to MOas, contact Jessi Jackson smith, Director of Grants and Development at 386-255-0285 x 339 or [email protected].

By Jessi Jackson smith, Director of Grants and Development

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22 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

W hat an incredible fall for the Guild! It went by so quickly and

yet when I think of all we have accomplished I am amazed….

We sponsored a beautiful sunset cruise, a delicious lunch and fashion show at the SW Grill, a fun-filled Oktoberfest, a fantastic Halifax Art Festival, a spectacular Festival of Trees Gala, and a true holiday “give back” party.

How could one group of volunteers accomplish so much? Only with a lot of hard work, fun and love for our beautiful Museum. "Thank you" doesn’t seem big enough to express my gratitude to the members and non-members that supported our events.

We have begun the New Year with renewed enthusiasm and a lot of work to do. We will “Howl at the Moon” at the MOAS

Planetarium on January 30th, celebrate Mardi Gras with a Casino night on March 1st, and will host our Fourth Annual Children’s Museum Golf Classic on April 7th. We invite the public to attend all of our fundraising events.

We are also very excited to have the Bethune-Cookman University Concert Chorale Perform at our February 11th Guild Meeting and the Acafellas from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University performing at our March 11th meeting. The public is invited to attend either performance. I hope to see you at MOAS!

“thank you” doesn’t seem big enough to express my gratitude to the members and non-members that support our events.

WhAT AN INcREdIblE FAll FOR ThE GuIld!

GuILD neWs

The Bethune-Cookman University Concert Chorale will perform at the February 11th Guild Meeting at MOAS.

guilD prESiDEnt, JOAn hOrnEff, AnD lOng rAngE plAnning chAir, gEOrgE fOrtunA, prESEntED with A chEcK frOM glEnn yArBrOugh Of MErrill lynch

BY JOAN HORNEFF, MOAS GUILD PRESIDENT

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ThANK YOu TO OuR EVENT SPONSORS

51st haLifaX art festiVaLSPONSORS bright house Networkscultural council of Volusia countyThe daytona beach News-Journaldaytona beach downtown development AuthorityFlorida Power & light companyGage Publishing, Inc.Glenn Yarbrough, Sr. VP Wealth Management, Merrill lynchRiverfront Shops of daytona beachTd bankWessell Foundation Zappi’s Italian Garden Restaurant

IN-KINd SPONSORSbill AustinMarla basli, Volusia country Art Teacherbuddy budiansky, ccIM, Prudential commercial Real Estate Fldirect Media uSAhot Action SportswearKrispy Kremelamar Advertising companyMasotti’s Media Services South, Inc.Mastando MediaSuzi Preston, Visual Arts Specialist, Volusia county School System Publix Super Market at daytona beach ShoresPublix Super Market at the Trails Shopping centerlaurie Goman Ring, Arthaus director Walmart Supercenter - Port OrangeWalmart Supercenter - West Granada boulevardWElE – Ormond Magazine Radio Show, Gage PublishingWinn-dixie - West Granada boulevardWNdb – Al Smith, Owner, Al Smith Productions and MarketingWNZF – Flagler Magazine Radio Show, Gage PublishingWROd – Joe hopkins, General Manager/OwnerWROd – halifax Magazine Radio Show, Gage Publishing

2013 festiVaL of treesFOOd cONTRIbuTORSThat’s Amorebarracuda’s bar & GrillMcKenna’s Place Seafood Sports & Spirits café heavenly Sandwiches & SmoothiesRiverside catering & Market, Inc.Mr. dunderbak’sbombay Grillebahama breezeleanh’s chinese Restaurantchart houseVince carter’s lulu’s Oceanside GrillFusion 43 at Rose VillaS.R. Perrott, Inc.blau Mediterranean Grill llcla Fiesta Mexican Restaurantdb PicklesGrammy K’sdesserts by Ann Robinsoncravings to GoAngell & Phelps chocolate Factory llc

TREE SPONSORSMOAS board of TrusteesMichael’s at the PavilionAnna Jane Guetweinhall construction co. Inc.Volusia Memorial Funeral homes & cemeteryFlorida Power & light companyGlenn Yarbrough, Sr. VP Wealth Management, Merrill lynchAdam & dana KennedySue Fream4 diversified, llc20/20 Financial Advisorshalifax humane SocietyFran Quinlan Interiorsdaytona beach Kennel & Poker clubdaytona beach Symphony Society GuildFestival of Trees committee

The Fourth Annual Children’s Museum Golf Classic is Monday, April 7th, 2014. This tournament is sponsored by the Guild of MOAS to benefit the Charles and Linda Williams Children’s Museum.

In its first three years, the tournament raised over $25,000. As in past years, the tournament will be held at the Club de Bonmont course at Plantation Bay, one of the area’s top courses. The entry fee is $125 per person, which includes on-course snacks and refreshments, shirts, hats, balls and other gifts and an excellent awards banquet.

This year’s tournament will have a scramble format with prizes for the best teams, the best ladies’ team and the best nine-hole team. There will also be putting contests, longest drive and “closest to the pin” contests. A hole in one is an opportunity to win on each of the four par three holes - including a top prize of $10,000!

For the third year, the prizes for the winning team will be donated by Dr. Donald Keene. For information or to sign up, please visit [email protected]

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24 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

winter exhibits

JAN

UA

RY

FEBR

UA

RY

M

AR

CH

Exhibits and dates subject to change.

Napoleon: Empire and

HeritageThrough February 2014

Coming to power in 1799 as First Consul of France, Napoleon molded his new regime on the glories of ancient Rome, using its symbolism

to propagate this power; some of his most influential achievements were in the decorative arts. This

exhibition is filled with reference to the period through a plethora of objets d’art and images that speak to us of

the classical world.

Images of Historic St. Augustine

February 15 through Fall 2014

Images of Historic St. Augustine is the second in our series of preview exhibits for the new Cici and Hyatt

Brown Museum of Art. This exhibit focuses on the different ways artists represented America's oldest city.

002819

Diehl, Arthur Vidal 1870 - 1929

“The Oldest House in St. Augustine, Florida”

1923.02.21

oil on boardR2.11

11.01.2013

11.3/4 17.3/4X

Gift beyond

Family Art Festival

January 18, 10:30am-3:00pm

Bring the whole family for a fun-filled day of family art classes, tours, demonstrations, prizes, contests,

planetarium shows and more. See calendar listing on page 25 for details!

WINTER PROGRAMS

Great Impressions: The Intaglio Process

Through February 2014

This fascinating exhibition of printed material from the MOAS Collection contains a wide range of representative

examples from the 17th through 20th centuries, their ideological concepts and artistry captured in the main

on handmade paper and expressed through etching, wood and metal engraving. Artists include Rembrandt,

Piranesi, Audubon, Hogarth, Manet, Renoir and Dali, the

enfant terrible of surrealism.

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januaryJanuary 1810:30am-3:00pmFamily Art FestivalSchedule:10:30am Family Art Class - Create a Chinese Landscape11:00am Zoo Art Demonstration - with Central Florida Zoo Artist in Residence, Rick Cannizzaro1:00pm Car Chalk Creative Art Contest with prizes2:00pm Comics and the Classroom: Being a Teacher/Cartoonist - with The Daytona Beach News-Journal cartoonist David Finkle3:00pm Pop Art Bonanza - with Art Instructor, Tamara HuthFeaturing Classic Car Show with DJ Frank Roberts and music of the 50s and 60s from 11:00am-2:00pmMore details at www.moas.org$10.00 for member families and $15.00 for non-member families

January 293:00pm-4:00pmFlorida’s Long Lost Roadside Tourist AttractionsJoin Senior Curator of Education and Curator of History, James “Zach” Zacharias, for a unique look at this forgotten history and discover the lost roadside attractions that once dotted Florida from end to end. Did you ever visit the Pirates World Theme Park or the Seville Peacock Farm?Free for members or with paid admission

februaryFebruary 63:00pm-4:00pmThe Story of Tomoka Join Charlie Dutoit, retired biologist from Tomoka State Park, to discover the unique ecosystem and cultural history of this important Florida State Park. Discover the life of the Timucuan inhabitants, early plantations and more recent history of the park.Free for members or with paid admission

February 72:00pm-3:00pmFront Porch Talk at Gamble Place: John James Audubon in FloridaJoin Senior Curator of Education and Curator of History, James “Zach” Zacharias, and learn about this amazing naturalist’s exploration of Florida from St. Augustine to the Dry Tortugas.Free for members or $5.00 for non-members, cash only, rsvp recommended – 386.255.0285

February 112:00pm-3:00pmNapoleonic Beasts and Birds Join Senior Curator of Education and Curator of History, James “Zach” Zacharias,

to discover treasures of the natural world within the Napoleonic exhibition.Free for members or with paid admission

February 142:00pm-3:00pmIn Love with St. AugustineJoin Senior Curator of Education and Curator of History, James “Zach” Zacharias, and explore the history and streets of St. Augustine through a new installation of art from the collection of Cici and Hyatt Brown. Free for members or with paid admission

marchMarch 62:00pm-3:30pmCoffee, Chocolates and Collections: The Intaglio ProcessJoin Tom Davis, graphic artist, designer and MOAS docent, and learn about the process of fine engraving and etching as you study artworks in Great Impressions: The Intaglio Process.Free for members or with paid admission

March 142:00pm-3:30pmMeet Me at Lighthouse Point ParkJoin Senior Curator of Education and Certified Coastal Naturalist, James “Zach” Zacharias, at Lighthouse Point Park in Ponce Inlet for a unique natural history tour. Learn about the mangrove swamps and the flora and fauna that make this inlet unique. There is a $3.00 parking fee at the gate.Admission $3.00 for members or $5.00 for non-members, cash only, rsvp recommended – 386.255.0285

March 262:00pm-3:30pmCoffee, Chocolates and Collections:NASA and the Future of Commercial Space ExplorationJoin Curator of Astronomy, Seth Mayo, as he discusses the current events of NASA and the future of commercial space exploration.Free for members or with paid admission

aprilApril 33:45pm-4:30pmMeet Me in the Planetarium: The Disappearing Night SkyIn celebration of International Dark Sky Week, Curator of Astronomy, Seth Mayo, will explore the effect of light pollution on the night sky, the environment and even our own health.Free for members or with paid admission

April 42:00pm-3:00pmPorch Talk at Gamble Place: Prehistoric Florida - Land of GiantsJoin Senior Curator of Education and Curator of History, James “Zach” Zacharias, and learn about the geologic makeup of Florida’s ancient past. Examine fossils to discover how paleontologists identify the massive ice age animals that once roamed Volusia County and Florida. Learn how these animals may have gone extinct at the hands of prehistoric man.Admission free for members or $5.00 for non-members, cash only, rsvp recommended – 386.255.0285

April 102:00pm-3:00pmCoffee, Chocolates and Collections: Napoleonic Costume Learn the story of uniforms, dinner jackets, corsets, hairstyles and more in the Age of Napoleon with Chief Curator, Cynthia Duval. Free for members or with paid admission

April 151:00pm-2:30pmMOAS Grand Tour Join Chief Curator, Cynthia Duval, and Senior Curator of Education, James “Zach” Zacharias, for a tour of the West Wing galleries before reconstruction begins.Free for members or with paid admission

April 173:00pm-4:00pmTuscawilla’s Beautiful SpringJoin Senior Curator of Education, James “Zach” Zacharias, and discover the intense greenery of a new spring in Tuscawilla Preserve. Learn about the flora and fauna of this endangered ecosystem.Free for members or with paid admission

WINTER PROGRAMS

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26 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

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Page 27: Wintermag2014 lores

November 17January 24

January 26February 7February 9

February 28

| Estonian National Symphony Orchestra| Donizetti’s The Elixir of Love Teatro Lirico D’Europa| Haifa Symphony Orchestra of Israel| Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra| Moiseyev Siberian Dancers| Don Quixote • Moscow Festival Ballet

November 17January 24

January 26February 7February 9

February 28

| Estonian National Symphony Orchestra| Donizetti’s The Elixir of Love Teatro Lirico D’Europa| Haifa Symphony Orchestra of Israel| Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra| Moiseyev Siberian Dancers| Don Quixote • Moscow Festival Ballet

2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4 6 2 n d • S E A S O N

|

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More info at 386.253.2901 or dbss.org

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During the Night Sky tour in the MOAS Planetarium, guests experience the splendor

and brilliance of the stars. The audience’s eyes begin to adapt to the dark with a realistic view of the sky as actually seen from Daytona Beach. The location of the season's stars, constellations and the moon, including any visible planets, are pointed out.

The pivotal point of the tour comes when the light pollution is filtered out completely. At that moment, the 40-foot dome echoes with the "ooohs" and "ahhhs" of an audience who becomes captivated by the clear and pristine sky illuminated by the

Museum’s storied star projector. As the vast star field comes into focus, the audience experiences, possibly for the first time, a pure and unpolluted sky.

This gradually diminishing light controlled by the turn of a knob represents “light pollution” - the artificial light from cities, towns, suburbs and homes that interferes with visibility of the natural night sky. As the world population and the density of its cities grows, light pollution is growing, too.

Light pollution erases our view of thousands of stars, galaxies, nebulae and star clusters. Not only is this pervasive problem affecting our views of the stars

above, but also the environment in which we live and to some extent, the human body.

Understanding the effects of light pollution can help us improve how we live day-to-day and experience the night sky….

At first lightThe use of artificial illumination is most certainly a necessity, increasing humans’ activity and productivity at nighttime – as well helping to ease fears of the dark.

Mankind has not ceased its quest for light once the sun extinguishes its own. The yellow-orange glow of candle light was the first source of actual "street lighting,” which

OVER AND OUT BY: SETH MAYO, CURATOR OF ASTRONOMY

28 ARTS & SCIENCES MAGAZINE

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dates back to the 9th century Arabian Empire. Centuries later, cities throughout Europe, such as London and Paris, followed suit. Candles were replaced by gas lamps in the late eighteenth century. Later, with the advent of electricity, city lights began to transform the evening terrain. The introduction of extremely bright arc lamps eventually led up to mercury vapor lights and the now-signature orange glow of high pressure sodium lights and white metal halides that illuminate with an unnatural intensity.

This steady increase of light hasn’t shown any signs of slowing. Areas that were once concealed under a blanket of pitch black now shine

like stars originating from the Earth instead of the skies.

These bright beacons that we depend on so heavily have helped spawn a new vocabulary to describe conditions of the night. Neighborhoods across the country deal with “light trespass” or light (especially from homes) that leaks or trespasses onto surrounding properties. Much of this excess comes from street lights that can enter windows and other unintended areas. A city’s lights can produce glare, an effect of “over-illumination,” thereby decreasing contrast. In this case, the eye scatters too many of the incoming rays and ironically, visibility is reduced. Excessive

light across an entire city creates a phenomenon called “skyglow” - a general brightening of the sky resulting when the atmosphere scatters and reflects much of the light back to the ground. Skyglow creates a glowing dome that can be seen for many miles and almost completely obliterates any opportunity to experience the beauty of a pure night sky.

Nothing to make light ofAs the natural view of the night sky is increasingly diminished, much of earth's environment is altered in ways that are just now being fully understood.

(Continued)

BrEAthtAKing viEw Of thE MilKy wAy OvEr thE SKiES in cErrO pArAnAl, chilE. thiS viStA DEMOnStrAtES A night SKy uninhiBitED By thE glOw Of light pOllutiOn. iMAgE crEDit: BrunO gilli/ESO

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Manmade light takes a toll on delicate ecosystems and wildlife. One noteworthy issue concerns migrating birds. A study by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has found that about 4 to 5 million birds are killed each year resulting from their attraction to lights given off by tall structures, such as skyscrapers and radio towers - and that number may be on the rise. Negative effects on wildlife can even be seen here in Daytona Beach. Studies have shown that artificial light emanating from inland areas can interfere with endangered sea turtles as they come ashore each year to lay eggs. The young hatchlings that emerge from the delicate nests instinctually travel away from the dark silhouettes of the sand dunes towards the open ocean - which naturally reflects light from the night sky. Manmade lights on land confuse the hatchlings, and instead of travelling to the sea, they wander further

inland toward dangers such as predators and dehydration.Humankind has adapted to the presence of light at night; however, the body was not designed to tolerate increased light exposure. Recent studies have shown that the vital circadian rhythms which regulate sleep patterns can be interrupted. These rhythms play an integral role in overall health and well-being and are connected to mood and stress levels. The additional light entering our eyes in the evening hours lowers the body’s production of melatonin. This not only effects sleep, but may possibly increase the risk of certain types of cancer.Energy wastage is another result of light pollution. Nighttime lighting creates significant demand on the power grid. Although a large proportion of the population seeks energy-efficient lighting

and electronics, much outdoor artificial light is wasted - directed upwards or to unutilized areas. Many of these lights are much too bright for their intended use. Over the course of a year or more, a great deal of money and resources are wasted. Light at night seemingly helps to deter criminal activity. While this may seem like an obvious benefit, there is actually no proven correlation between additional light and low crime rates, with some authorities proposing the opposite could be true. The U.S. Department of Justice, as well as the U.S. National Institute of Justice, have found little to no evidence that light contributes to lower crime levels.

The bright sideWhile light pollution has real consequences, there is much that has and can be done to reduce and minimize negative effects and help the stars shine through once again.Commercial and residential lights are rated dependent upon how and when they will be used and where they will be placed. Using the correct strength of light can make all the difference, and finding the right light is easy with just a little planning. Full cutoff fixtures direct light to shine completely downwards (where it is used most effectively). Proper spacing can help to avoid over-illumination and can also increase contrast between light and dark areas. The simple and easy solution is to turn off a light when it’s not in use or utilize timers to maximize efficiency.Large cities such as Paris (where energy-efficient lighting has been conscientiously installed around famous buildings and monuments) down to small towns such as Harmony, Florida, have created solutions by adopting these very basic ideas. Harmony, in particular, has invested a great deal of time and effort into purchasing full cutoff fixtures and energy-efficient lighting. This protects its local ecology and even helped to open up the sky to reveal the Milky Way.Daytona Beach has tackled some of the environmental problems. By just turning many of its lights away from the shore, intrusion on the sea turtle population has been minimized.Organizations such as the International Dark Sky Association have been established to tackle these issues head-on by educating the public about light pollution. "International Dark Skies Week" in April corresponds to Earth Day and helps spread awareness and promote protection of the disappearing night sky.

There is hope that we can once again experience the natural beauty of the night sky and our window to the universe will no longer be obscured by manmade “starlight.” Our curiosity and desire to explore will only increase when we look upon the clear starry night once again.

Further reading - www.darksky.org

Top: highly DEtAilED SAtEllitE iMAgEry Of thE unitED StAtES At night thAt ExhiBitS thE ABunDAncE Of light DuE tO urBAn SprAwl. iMAgE crEDit: rOBErt SiMMOn/nASA'S EArth

OBSErvAtOry BoTTom: A clOSE-up viEw Of light pOllutiOn, MExicO city

For more, join seth Mayo april 3, at 3:45pm for Meet Me in the Planetarium: The Disappearing Night Sky. see calendar on page 25 for details.

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