Download - Vidya Prase
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
1/16
WITH COORDINATION OF
G.POORNACHANDRA RAO
A.GOPALA KRUSHNA
SEMINAR BY
K.VIDYA
08P61A0263
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
2/16
WHAT IS A BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE?
It is a communication channel from a human's brain to acomputer by using Electroencephalography method .
We can control the brain functions by artificiallyproducing the signals and sending them to respectiveparts
Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) is a communicationsystem, which enables the user to control specialcomputer applications by using only his or her thoughts.It will allow human brain to accept and control a
mechanical device as a part of the body.
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
3/16
The average human brain weights around 1400 grams. The most relevant
part of brain concerning BMIs is the cerebral cortex.
The cerebral cortex can be divided into two hemispheres. The hemispheres
are connected with each other via corpus callosum.
Cerebral cortex is responsible for many higher order functions like
problem solving, language comprehension and processing of complex
visual information.
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
4/16
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
5/16
MAIN PRINCIPLE
Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical activity ofnerves and muscles. It is now well established that the humanbody, which is composed of living tissues, can be considered as apower station generating multiple electrical signals with twointernal sources, namely muscles and nerves
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method used in measuring theelectrical activity of the brain. The brain generates rhythmicalpotentials which originate in the individual neurons of the brain.
These potentials get summated as millions of cell discharge
synchronously and appear as a surface waveform
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
6/16
When the neuron fires, or activates, there is a voltagechange across the cell, (~100mv) which can be readthrough a variety of devices.
When we want to make a voluntary action, the command generates from
the frontal lobe. Signals are generated on the surface of the brain. Theseelectric signals are different in magnitude and frequency. To design a BMI, there are basically two different approachesused.
1. Pattern recognition approach2. operant conditioning approach
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
7/16
The BMI consists of several components:
1.implant device, or chronic multi-electrode array,
2.Signal recording and processing section, 3.External device uses to produce and control motion
4.feedback section to the subject
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
8/16
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
9/16
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
10/16
IMPLANT DEVICE
The EEG is recorded with electrodes, which are placedon the scalp. Electrodes are small plates, which conductelectricityNeural implants can be used to regulate electricsignals in the brain and restore it to equilibrium
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
11/16
SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION
Multichannel AcquisitionSystems
Spike Detection
Signal Analysis
In This section amplification, initial filtering of EEG signal andpossible artifact removal takes place. Also A/D conversion ismade
spike detection will allow the BMI to transmit only the actionpotential waveforms and their respective arrival times insteadof the sparse, raw signal in its entirety
certain features are extracted from the preprocessed anddigitized EEG signal
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
12/16
EXTERNALDEVICEThe device control simply transforms the classification to aparticular action i.e. up or down movement of a cursor onthe feedback screen or a selection of a letter in a writingapplication
FEEDBACK
Real-time feedback can dramatically improve the performance ofa brainmachine interface
feedback can speed up the learning process and improveperformanceFeedback used in BMIs has similarities with biofeedback,especially EEG biofeedback
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
13/16
Auditory and visual prosthesis
Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)
Prosthetic limb control
Mobile phone attachment that allows a physicallychallenged user to dial a phone number without touching itor speaking into it
System lets you speak without saying a word In effective
construction of unmanned systems, in space missions,defense areas etc
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
14/16
In this era where drastic diseases are getting
common it is a boon if we can develop it to itsfull potential.
Also it provides better living, more features,more advancement in technologies etc.
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
15/16
Connecting to the nervous system could lead to permanent
brain damage, resulting in the loss of feelings or
movement, or continual pain.
Virus attacks may occur to brain causing ill effects.
-
8/2/2019 Vidya Prase
16/16
BMIs will have the ability to give people back their
vision and hearing. They will also change the way a
person looks at the world. Someday these devices might
be more common than keyboards