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Unit 1: GeographyUnit 1: GeographyGeoTrekkers in the Western HemisphereGeoTrekkers in the Western Hemisphere
Illustrated GlossaryIllustrated Glossary
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adapt
to change in order to fit new conditions
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archipelago
a group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or ocean
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bodies of water
Water in different sizes and shapes naturally found on the Earth’s surface. Oceans, seas, bays, lakes, rivers, and ponds are examples of bodies of water.
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bay
an inlet of a body of water (as the sea) that is usually smaller than a gulf
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Central America
Southern part of North America extending from southern border of Mexico to northwestern Columbia.
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climate
local weather conditions of an area like temperature, precipitation, humidity, sunshine, wind and other conditions
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coast
the land next to the ocean
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Compass Rose
a symbol that shows the directions: north, south, east, and west
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communication
ways people send and receive messages thereby linking people and places
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continent
a very large body of land
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degrees
the unit of measurement used for latitude and longitude
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delta
a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river. It is formed from the silt, sand and small rocks that flow downstream in the river and are deposited in the delta. A delta is often (but not always) shaped like a triangle (hence its name, delta, a Greek letter that is shaped like a triangle).
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desert
an area with less than ten inches of rain per year and a rocky sandy surface
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eastern hemisphere
the half of Earth east of the Prime Meridian
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environment
the geographic characteristics that surround and affect the way people live
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environment concerns/issues
interests people have about the care of the natural environment.
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forest
an area where coniferous and deciduous trees are the most dominant plant. Deciduous trees share their leaves in the fall. Coniferous trees include trees that have pinecones, such as fir and spruce.
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geography
study of Earth and how people live on Earth and use its resources
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geographic characteristics
things that distinguish one place from another. These are divided into two groups: physical and human
physical human
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geography:physical characteristics
description of the natural environment of the place They include physical features (landforms and bodies of water), weather and climate, soil, vegetation, and animal life.
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geography:human characteristics
description of the people of a place past or present, their human-made features (buildings etc.), languages, religions, economic activities, and political systems
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grasslands
flat or rolling areas of land covered with grasses If located in North America, they are called prairies. In South America they are called pampas.
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gulf
a large body of water that cuts deep into the land
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hemisphere
half of the globe of half of the earth The four hemispheres are northern, southern, eastern, and western.
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human/environmental interaction
explains how people live in their environment
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isthmus
a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses. An isthmus has water on two sides.
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island
a piece of land that has water all around it
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landforms
the different shapes of Earth’s surface Mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, valleys, peninsulas, and islands are examples of landforms
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Latin America
the entire Western Hemisphere south of the United States
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lake
a body of salt or fresh water that is surrounded by land
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latitude/longitude
imaginary lines on a map or globe that measure distance north and south of the equator and distance east and west of the prime meridian
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legend/key
explains the meaning of the symbols on the map
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marsh
an area of soft wet land usually overgrown by grasses
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migrate/migration/immigration
to move from one country or region to another with the intent of staying at the place for a long period of time
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modify
to change to meet the wants of people
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mountains
a land form that is very high and steep. They usually are wide at the bottom and rise to a narrow peak or ridge. Geographers classify a mountain as land that rises at least 2000 feet above sea level. A number of mountains next to each other make up a mountain range
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natural environment
the physical setting of a place including the land, air ,water, plants, and animals
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North America
continent comprising Greenland, United States, Mexico, Central America
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northern hemisphere
the half of the earth north of the equator
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ocean
a large body of saltwater
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physical map
a map that shows landformsThis is a physical map of the United States.
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plains
large areas of flat lands
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plateau
high, flat land
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political map
a map that shows location and borders of countries and communities
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Prime Meridian
the line of longitude from the South Pole to the North Pole measured in degrees. It divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
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province
an administrative district or division of a country
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rainforest
a dense, either tropical or temperate forest that receives lots of rain year round
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resources
things that people can use, such as oil, lumber, and water that come from nature
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river
flow of water that goes to an ocean or lake
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scale
the measurement on a map or globe that shows the distance between places
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settlement
an arrangement of places where people live, including rural and urban centers
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South America
continent comprising land from Panama to Cape Horn
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southern hemisphere
the half of the earth south of the equator
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strait
a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water
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technology
skills methods, tools, machines and other things used of perform activities. Technology changes over time and affects the way we live work, and play.
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transportation
ways goods and people move from place to place thereby linking communities
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tropics
the area on the earth between the 23 ½ degrees N and 23 ½ S lines of latitude, where the climate is almost always hot
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tundra
a cold, dry region covered with snow for more than half the year; vast treeless plain where the subsoil is always frozen
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valley
area of low land with mountains or hills on either side, often having a river or stream along the bottom
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vegetation
all the plant life found in an area
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western hemisphere
the half of the earth comprising North and South America and their surrounding waters west of the Prime Meridian