Download - TXpert™ digital solutions · 2021. 2. 26. · Moisture in ppm (mg/kg) Temperature ̊C. Saturation point for different transformer oils. Mineral oil. Synthetic Ester. Natural Ester

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reservedDecember 2020

POWERING GOOD FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

TXpert™ digital solutions

TXpert™ ecosystemTXpert™ ready CoreSense DGA sensors for alternative fluids

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS2

External stresses may affect transformer life expectancesSt

ress

Time

Planned end of life

Ideal transformer resiliency curve

Operational stress

Electrical stress

Ideal transformer life curve



Unplanned outages are costly and result in significant downtime. With proper monitoring, they can be avoided.

External stresses may affect transformer life expectancy

Time

Planned end of life

Ideal transformer resiliency curve

Aged transformer resiliency curve

Unplanned outage

System fault

Emergency overloading

Increased harmonics

Switching event

Electrical stress

Stre

ss

Extreme weather event

Realistic transformer life curve


HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDSSource: Cigré SCA2.37 Report Technical Brochure 642/2015 Transformer Reliability Survey 4

Failure location analysis on transformers manufactured after 1980 Failure mode analysis (based on 964 failures)

Monitoring the main tank of the transformer cover ~45% of all faults

Transformer failure mode analysis

Tap Changer30,70%

CT0,29%

Winding36,84%

Lead Exit5,56%

Insulation2,34%

Bushings18,13%

Core and magnetic circuit2,63%

Flux Shints0,88%

Tank1,17

Cooling unit1,46%

Dielectric; 36,62%

Electrical; 16,49%Thermal; 10,89%

Physical Chemistry;

3,32%

Mechanical ; 20,02%

Unknown ; 12,66%



Insulation in a transformerDielectric OilCellulose (Paper)

Purpose of the insulation:– Dielectric Insulator– Thermal Transfer

When the insulation system is stressed, gases are produced and they will dissolve in the oil

Gas-in-Oil is a very good incipient fault indicator for main tank thermal faults

Basics of gas formation

Oil ¡₀ 83 4 70 1 4 894 7 881824 3 4 '

Cellulose(Paper, pressboard, laminated wood)



Silicon fluid

Mineral oil

Ester oils

Standard insulating and cooling fluid for most transformersRefined petroleum productNot biodegradable, flammableCan dissolve limited moisture

Natural esters are vegetable oil, synthetic versions availableMost common are Cargil FR3 (Natural), Midel 7131 (Synth)Biodegradable, operate at higher temperatures, non-flammableMuch better moisture properties, environmental advantage

Polydimethylsiloxane liquidVery stable, non-flammable, non-toxic but not biodegradableMoisture handling not as good as Esters but was cheaper in the pastMore and more a legacy product being displaced by esters

Fluids for transformers

0

1000

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3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Moi

stur

e in

ppm

(mg/

kg)

Temperature ̊C

Saturation point for different transformer oils

Mineral oil Synthetic Ester Natural Ester Silicone



Advantages Limitations TargetsPrice: Esters are 2 to 3 times more costly than mineral oils todayRetrofits: An existing mineral oil transformer cannot be simply refilled with ester fluidInfrastructure: duplication of tanker fleets, oil handling equipment, oil storage facilities if an operator owns a mix of ester and mineral oil transformersAccessories: Bushings, Tap changers, monitoring equipment (particularly DGA) must all be ester oil versionsWeather: Ester oils perform poorly in cold subfreezing weather and are therefore only in limited use in northern countries

Critical installations where safety and reliability are concerns – synergy of Esters and monitoringInstallations near flammable materials where a fire might spread – refineries, factories …Sensitive environments where a mineral oil spill would be very bad or difficult to containVery humid environments where moisture can be an issue

Safety : Esters can run hotter and are less flammableMonitoring : With Ester capable DGA you get the best of both worlds in terms of safetyEnvironment: Esters are biodegradable vegetable oil, spills are mostly harmlessSustainability: Esters are a byproduct of agriculture; they are a renewable resource

For best safety and reliability Esters and monitoring go hand in hand

Why do we not see more esters?


HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDSReference - IEEE c57.104:2019 8

The degradation of the oil molecule

Dissolved gas in mineral oil



Esters SiliconeWhile the principles of DGA will apply and you will have formation of hydrogen and light hydrocarbons the interpretation rules are different since the fluids in chemically quite different

The rules for DGA interpretation are found in

IEEE-Std.-C57.146-2005 : Gases generated in Silicone immersed transformers

Esters are more similar chemically to mineral oil, CH3 groups replace Hydrogen and some oxygen is included.The rules for DGA analysis can be found in

IEEE-Std.-C57.155-2014: Gases generated in ester immersed transformers

Dissolved gas in other oils



CoreSense™ – hydrogen & moisture sensor

No moving parts, no consumables

Robustness was a key design parameter during the product development process. We eliminated weak points such as the membrane that separates dissolved gas from oil and removed consumables. To ensure oil circulation we implemented a forced convection thermal pump with no moving parts.

Flag incipient faults

Hydrogen and moisture in oil are important indicators that can alert you to a developing condition. These indicators will not give you a precise diagnostic of the underlying condition, rather indication that something is happening in the transformer.

Engineered simplicity & robustness

Universal oil support

DGA for mineral oils, ester fluids and silicon fluids supported with correct alarm settings for each type of oil

CoreSense ST – mineral oil modelCoreSense SL – Silicon fluid modelCoreSense SE – synthetic ester model (calibrated for midel 7131)CoreSense NE – natural ester model (calibrated for cargil FR3)




Solid state in situ moisture sensor

- Direct reading of moisture in oil- Capable of withstanding vacuum and overpressure- Never requires maintenance or calibration- Readings are insensitive to temperature variations

Solid state in situ hydrogen sensor

- No gas separation membrane- Capable of withstanding vacuum and overpressure- Never requires maintenance or calibration- Reading are insensitive to other gases or temperature variations

Reliable design

Forced Convection

- Avoid stagnant oil and allow more representative sampling- No need for a mechanical pump and associated maintenance- Enables an extension from the tank up to 40 cm




Moisture sensor

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

C

CH

H

H

Capacitance measurement

OH

H

– Sensor measures capacitance using the transformer oil as a dielectric fluid– Any water mixed into the oil will change the dielectric constant of the oil resulting in a

capacitance change– The sensor also measures the temperature– The amount of dissolved water in µl/l (ppm) is a function of the oil type, the

temperature and the relative saturation of the oil. The relative saturation can be determined from the capacitance.



Moisture is measured in terms of relative saturationThe precision of the moisture sensor is 2% RSWhen comparing to lab results in ppm the type of fluid will have a huge impact on the error bars in ppm because of the different solubilities

Moisture error bars for alternative fluids

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Moi

stur

e in

ppm

(mg/

kg)

Temperature ̊C

Saturation point for different transformer oils

Mineral oil Synthetic Ester Natural Ester Silicone

Measurement characteristics at 90 ̊C

Mineral oil:Range in ppm 0 to 556ppm +/- 11ppm (2% of 556ppm)

Synthetic Ester (Midel 7131)Range in ppm 0 to 5375ppm +/- 108ppm (2% of 5375ppm)

Natural Ester (Cargil FR3)Range in ppm 0 to 3062ppm +/- 61ppm (2% of 3062ppm)

SiliconRange in ppm 0 to 1116ppm +/- 22ppm (2% of 1116ppm)



CoreSense™ M10 – Multigas Dissolved Gas Analyzer

Easy installation right out of the boxWithout any external oil circulation loop, installation is as easy as mounting the measurement head on a valve and hanging the analytical unit on a wall, no need for welding or piping at site. This approach also greatly limits the likelihood of any oil leaks related to the DGA system installation

Lowest cost of ownership with no maintenance for 10 yearsWithout any need for carrier gases or calibration, CoreSense ™ M10 has double and triple redundancies built in to allow the user to use the device for at least 10 years without maintenance.

Space proven ABB FTIR technologyABB used a technology sold for over 25 years in different industries (including for NASA, the Canadian Space Agency, the European space agency and the Chinese Space Agency) and re-adapted it for transformer monitoring. Allowing CoreSense™ M10 to offer excellent measurement repeatability, no cross-interference between the gases and no calibration ever in the field.

Fast response with continuous sampling Oil is being sampled continuously with readouts every 10 minutes allowing for fast response times. A gas increase in a transformer can be detected in as little as 10 minutes and accurately quantified in under 2 hours.

ABB third generation multigas DGA technology - advantages

Universal oil supportDGA for mineral oils, ester fluids and silicon fluids supported with correct alarm settings for each type of oilCoreSense M10 ST – mineral oil modelCoreSense M10 SL – Silicon fluid modelCoreSense M10 SE – synthetic ester model (calibrated for midel 7131)CoreSense M10 NE – natural ester model (calibrated for cargil FR3)



CoreSense™ M10 installation Other multigas DGA installation Multitank DGA installationRequires external oil circuit– Higher risk or leaks or bubbles– Customized installation can take 2+ days– Requires dual flange on tank

Requires multiplexed external oil circuit– Even higher risk of leaks or bubbles– Risk of oil cross contamination– Significant reduction in response time– Customized installation can take 1 week– Requires dual flanges on each tank

No external oil circulation– Very low risk of oil leaks or bubbles– Fast 2 hour system installation– Only one flange required– Exactly same interface as CoreSense™

With CoreSense™ M10 you get the safest fastest installation in the industry

CoreSense™ M10 – Easy installation



Mobile Skid Advantages- CoreSense™ M10 is easy to move between transformers.

- This enables selective nursing of sick transformers

- CoreSense™ M10 fast installation can be performed under an hour with the mobile skid

- The mobile skid can be equipped with wireless connectivity

Mobile CoreSense™ M10 possible because of simple installation technology

CoreSense™ M10 – Multigas Dissolved Gas Analyzer


HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

CoreSense™ M10 – Patented gas extraction system

17

₇ 7 4 72 0 1 24 3 −4 2984 3 4 3 8+ 74 8 574 87 4 81 88 24 3 983 + 4 + 81) 514 = 83 6 83 94 84 3 84 7 7 4 0 3

5 ) 3 74 6 4 3 0 3 3 2 4 889+ 74 2 4 0 8+ 74 3 83 889+ + 883 6 84 183 890 94 84 3 84 78

₇ 785 14 74 3 + 3 3 0 3 9 6 0 8 5 + 2 5 83 6 2 4 3 + 14 54 7 ) 4 0 78 2 0 83 94 3 0 3 24 574 4 4 5 4 70 984 3

1+ 0 1 74 3 + 3 3 0 3 9 83 570 74 3 84 + 724

₃ 4 72 0 3 4 3 9 20 181 70 984 3 = 897 84 2 824 3 3 + 294 7 10 84 7 1 0 84 3 574 6 + 4 3 2) 74 54 74 3 24



Gas

Moisture

Mechanical/Electrical

Environmental

0 to 1 aw (0 to 100% RH) ± 0.02 aw (± 2% RH)Mineral oil: 0 to 60 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 180 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3%Synthetic ester: 0 to 2220 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 3490 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3% Natural ester: 0 to 1010 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 1780 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3% Silicon: 0 to 300 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 590 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3%-40 to +120 ± 0.2 °C (-40 to +248 ± 0.4 °F)

Standard sensor - 25 to 5,000 ppm (μl/l) ±25 ppm or ±20 % (whichever is higher)High performance - 5 to 5,000 ppm (μl/l) ±3 ppm or ±20 % (whichever is higher)

392 x 264 x 158 mm (14.43 x 10.39 x 6.2 in) 8kg (18lbs)IP67\NEMA4X enclosure, ISO12944 class C4150VA @ 100 to 240 VAC (50 to 60 Hz), max current 1A – 10% power fluctuations allowed

Operating temperature range -50 to +60C; survival -60 to +100COil temperature operational range -20 to +100C; survival -50 to +120COil pressure 0 to 10Bar (can withstand vacuum)

CoreSense™ – specifications

Hydrogen (H2)

Relative moistureMoisture ppm (mg/kg)

Temperature

Dimensions and weightIngress protectionPower input

Operating temperatureOil temperatureOil pressure



Gas

Moisture 0 to 1 aw (0 to 100% RH) ± 0.02 aw (± 2% RH)Mineral oil: 0 to 60 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 180 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3%Synthetic ester: 0 to 2220 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 3490 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3% Natural ester: 0 to 1010 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 1780 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3% Silicon: 0 to 300 @ 25 °C (77 °F) or 0 to 590 @ 55 °C (131 °F) ± 3%-40 to +120 ± 0.2 °C (-40 to +248 ± 0.4 °F)

Standard sensor - 25 to 5,000 ppm (μl/l) ±25 ppm or ±20 % (whichever is higher)High performance - 5 to 5,000 ppm (μl/l) ±3 ppm or ±20 % (whichever is higher)2 to 5,000 ppm (μl/l) ±2 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)5 to 20,000 ppm (μl/l) ±5 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)1 to 10,000 ppm (μl/l) ±1 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)0.5 to 10,000 ppm (μl/l) ±0.2 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)2 to 10,000 ppm (μl/l) ±2 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)2 to 10,000 ppm (μl/l) ±2 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)10 to 10,000 ppm (μl/l) ±10 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)10 to 10,000 ppm (μl/l) ±10 ppm or ±5 % (whichever is higher)

CoreSense™ M10 – specifications

Hydrogen (H2)Carbon monoxide (CO)Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Acetylene (C2H2)Ethelene (C2H4)Ethane (C2H6)Propene (C3H6)Propane (C3H8)

Relative moistureMoisture ppm (mg/kg)

Temperature




Environmental

392 x 264 x 158 mm (14.43 x 10.39 x 6.2 in) 8kg (18lbs)IP67\NEMA4X enclosure, ISO12944 class C4685 x 863 x 292 mm (27 x 34 x 11.5 in), 65 kg (143 lbs)IP66\NEMA4X enclosure, ISO12944 class C4600VA @ 100 to 240 VAC (50 to 60 Hz), max current 5A – 10% power fluctuations allowed


CoreSense™ M10 – specifications

Head dimensions and weightHead ingress protectionCabinet dimensions and weightCabinet ingress protectionPower input


EnvironmentalOperating temperature range -50 to +55C; survival -60 to +100COil temperature operational range -20 to +120C; survival -50 to +120COil pressure 0 to 10Bar (can withstand vacuum)





Environmental

Oil specifications


392 x 264 x 158 mm (14.43 x 10.39 x 6.2 in) 8kg (18lbs)IP67\NEMA4X enclosure, ISO12944 class C4685 x 863 x 292 mm (27 x 34 x 11.5 in), 65 kg (143 lbs)IP66\NEMA4X enclosure, ISO12944 class C4600VA @ 100 to 240 VAC (50 to 60 Hz), max current 5A – 10% power fluctuations allowed

CoreSense M10 ST for transformers filled with mineral oilCoreSense M10 SE for transformers filled with Synthetic ester – calibrated for Midel 7131CoreSense M10 NE for transformers filled with Natural ester – calibrated for FR3CoreSense M10 SL for transformers filled with Silicon

Head dimensions and weightHead ingress protectionCabinet dimensions and weightCabinet ingress protectionPower input


Mineral oilSynthetic estersNatural estersSilicon


HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Questions and answers

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Download - TXpert™ digital solutions · 2021. 2. 26. · Moisture in ppm (mg/kg) Temperature ̊C. Saturation point for different transformer oils. Mineral oil. Synthetic Ester. Natural Ester

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