The Stone Ages•Paleolithic - Old Stone
Age: 2,500,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.
•Neolithic – New Stone Age: 8,000 to 4,000 B.C.
Time Periods•Prehistory - before writing•B.C. & A.D. – developed by a monk around A.D. 532
•B.C. – “Before Christ”•A.D. – “Anno Domini”
1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC
2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC
3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC
4. 30,000 BC -- 8,000 BC
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BC 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC to 8,000 BC
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BC 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC to 8,000 BC
Paleolithic Age• The Ice Ages – 100,000 to 8,000
B.C.• Humans were able to adapt
environment through use of fire• Land bridges made possible the
spread of humanso Japan & KoreaoGreat Britain & EuropeoMalay Peninsula to AustraliaoBering Strait
Beringia
Paleolithic Age• Made tools• Used lava rocks to cut meat & crack bones• Used spears to hunt & fish with• Hunting men and gathering women• NOMADIC – moving from place to place
Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????
Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????
Paleolithic Age• Humans found shelter in caves
• Cave paintings left behind
Human MigrationHuman Migration
Neolithic Age• The Neolithic Revolution – dawn
of systematic agriculture• Neolithic – New Stone Age• Domesticated Animals – dogs,
goats, oxen, cattle, pigs, chickens• Crops – grains, bananas, yams,
rice, wheat, barley• Rise of villages – Jericho & Catal
Huyuk (8,000 B.C.)
Neolithic Age
•Technological advancesoAgricultural – sickle, pottery, plow, fertilizer
oLoom – for weaving flax & cottonoArtisans made jewelry & weapons
The Agricultural Revolution
• Farming developed independently in different parts of the world
• Most likely due to climate changes• Slash & Burn – cut trees and burn
to clear a field
Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaMiddle East India Central America China Southeast Asia
8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC
Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaMiddle East India Central America China Southeast Asia
8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC
4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC
Hominids : Hominids : AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines
any member of the family any member of the family of two-legged primates that of two-legged primates that includes all humans.includes all humans.
Southern & Eastern AfricaSouthern & Eastern Africa
1974: Lucy found in 1974: Lucy found in Ethiopia – oldest hominid Ethiopia – oldest hominid found to datefound to date
Known as Hominids: first Known as Hominids: first to to
walk upright (more walk upright (more mobility)mobility)
Hominids : Hominids : AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines
any member of the family any member of the family of two-legged primates that of two-legged primates that includes all humans.includes all humans.
Southern & Eastern AfricaSouthern & Eastern Africa
1974: Lucy found in 1974: Lucy found in Ethiopia – oldest hominid Ethiopia – oldest hominid found to datefound to date
Known as Hominids: first Known as Hominids: first to to
walk upright (more walk upright (more mobility)mobility)
HOMO HABILIS HOMO HABILIS (“Man of Skills”)(“Man of Skills”) 2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C.2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C. HOMO HABILIS HOMO HABILIS (“Man of Skills”)(“Man of Skills”) 2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C.2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C.
found in East found in East
Africa – OlduvaiAfrica – Olduvai
GorgeGorge
found in East found in East
Africa – OlduvaiAfrica – Olduvai
GorgeGorge
created stone created stone tools.tools. created stone created stone tools.tools.
Homo Habilis
1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC
HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )
HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )
Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate First hominid to migrate andand leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.
First hominid to migrate First hominid to migrate andand leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.
First to use fire ( 500,000 First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )BC ) First to use fire ( 500,000 First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )BC )
200,000 BC – 8,000 BC200,000 BC – 8,000 BC200,000 BC – 8,000 BC200,000 BC – 8,000 BC
HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )
HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
Homo Sapiens
NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:
Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)
Europe & SWest Europe & SWest AsiaAsia
200,000-30,000 200,000-30,000 B.C.B.C.
Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)
Europe & SWest Europe & SWest AsiaAsia
200,000-30,000 200,000-30,000 B.C.B.C. First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead (Religion) their dead (Religion)
First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead (Religion) their dead (Religion)
Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.
Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.
Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.
Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.
NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent
CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 B.C.B.C.CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 B.C.B.C. Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens
( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )
Found in EuropeFound in Europe
Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )
Found in EuropeFound in Europe
By 30,000 B.C. theyBy 30,000 B.C. they replaced replaced Neanderthals.Neanderthals.
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnonsidentical to modern identical to modern humanshumans
Spoken languageSpoken language
Planned their hunts: Planned their hunts: studiesstudies
animal habits & stalked animal habits & stalked preyprey
Populations grew faster Populations grew faster than than
NeanderthalsNeanderthals
Created ArtCreated Art
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnonsidentical to modern identical to modern humanshumans
Spoken languageSpoken language
Planned their hunts: Planned their hunts: studiesstudies
animal habits & stalked animal habits & stalked preyprey
Populations grew faster Populations grew faster than than
NeanderthalsNeanderthals
Created ArtCreated Art
Cro-Magnon
Video: The Neolithic Ice Man
Section 1-2: Humans tryto Control Nature
Africa: Africa: The Nile River ValleyThe Nile River Valley wheat, wheat, barleybarley
Africa: Africa: The Nile River ValleyThe Nile River Valley wheat, wheat, barleybarley ChinaChina: Huang He (Yellow River) Valley : Huang He (Yellow River) Valley grain (millet), and ricegrain (millet), and rice
ChinaChina: Huang He (Yellow River) Valley : Huang He (Yellow River) Valley grain (millet), and ricegrain (millet), and rice
Mexico & Central America Mexico & Central America corncorn, , beansbeans, , squashsquash
Mexico & Central America Mexico & Central America corncorn, , beansbeans, , squashsquash PeruPeru tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoespotatoes
PeruPeru tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoespotatoes
8,000 B.C. 8,000 B.C. Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants
8,000 B.C. 8,000 B.C. Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants
Division of laborDivision of labor Division of laborDivision of labor
Engaged in Engaged in tradetrade Engaged in Engaged in tradetrade
Organized religion Organized religion
Small Small militarymilitary Small Small militarymilitary
1212 cultivated cultivated cropscrops 1212 cultivated cultivated cropscrops
An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger
Çatal Çatal HüyükHüyükÇatal Çatal HüyükHüyük
AdvancedAdvanced
CitiesCities
SpecializedSpecialized
WorkersWorkers
ComplexComplex
InstitutionsInstitutions
Record-Record-
KeepingKeeping
AdvancedAdvanced
TechnologyTechnology
1. ADVANCED CITIES CENTER OF TRADE – VARIETY OF GOODS CENTER OF TRADE – VARIETY OF GOODS2. SPECIALIZED WORKERS SKILLS IN A SPECIFIC KIND OF WORK SKILLS IN A SPECIFIC KIND OF WORK3. COMPLEX INSTITUIONS GOVERNMENT, RELIGION, ECONOMY GOVERNMENT, RELIGION, ECONOMY4. RECORD KEEPING TAX, LAWS, STORAGE OF GRAIN, TAX, LAWS, STORAGE OF GRAIN, CALENDAR OF RITUALS CALENDAR OF RITUALS5. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PLOWS, IRRIGATION, BRONZE AGE FOR PLOWS, IRRIGATION, BRONZE AGE FOR WEAPONS WEAPONS
CivilizationsCivilizations
Banks of the Banks of the EuphratesEuphrates River (Sumer) River (Sumer)
Population Population 30,00030,000
30003000 B.C. B.C.
Well defined Well defined social classessocial classes
Barter systemBarter system
Ziggurat (Temple) is center of city lifeZiggurat (Temple) is center of city life
Banks of the Banks of the EuphratesEuphrates River (Sumer) River (Sumer)
Population Population 30,00030,000
30003000 B.C. B.C.
Well defined Well defined social classessocial classes
Barter systemBarter system
Ziggurat (Temple) is center of city lifeZiggurat (Temple) is center of city life
Ziggurat at UrZiggurat at Ur
Temple
“Mountain of the Gods”
Temple
“Mountain of the Gods”
The Course of Empire: The Savage State
The Course of Empire: Pastoral State
The Course of Empire: The Consummation
The Course of Empire: Destruction
The Course of Empire: Desolation
Resources
• Susan Pojer: Horace Greely HS – NY
• Pat Helm: Hickory Ridge HS – NC• Darrell Wells: Hickory Ridge HS -
NC
