FRENCH ARTBrief survey
Many thanks to Dr. P. Schrock for her input.
Copyright, 2011 Dr. Th. Saint Paul Lay out: Elizabeth Logsdon
Murray State University
Art and Societyreflect each other
• Classified by broad sweeping changes from era to era
Detail from Bourges Cathedral:Battle of Roncevaux/ Song of Roland (800 -9th c)
The Middle AgesRomanesque (9/10thc-12thc)Vezelay, Autun, Bourges, Conques…
GothicNotre Dame (Paris)gargoyleshttp://ndparis.free.fr/index.html
Gothic,Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th C
Notre Dame de Paris,Rosace
Albi cathedral pillar
Cathar Castle (SW FRANCE)--- Arques
Fortified City of Carcassonne (SW)
The Renaissance (16th c)
Madonna of the Meadow Raphael(Italian) 1505
Meaning “rebirth” in French1400-1600Italian in originStressed forms of classical antiquity (roman/greek)Space based on perspective and everyday detailsAdded religious topics
The northern Renaissance in Flanders : BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder
Flemish painter (b. ca.1525, d. 1569, Brussels
The Fall of Icarus
BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder Children's Games 1559-60
LEONARDO da Vinci
(b. 1452, Vinci, d. 1519, Cloux, near Amboise, France)Mona Lisa (La Gioconda)c. 1503-5
Renaissance architecture : the Palace of Fontainebleau
Classical mythology Italian artists, who worked for Francois I from 1530 to 1560.
The first School of Fontainebleau introduced Mannerism to France.
• Diana Huntress1550-60
Gabrielle d'Estrées and one of her Sisters c. 1595
Jean Goujon the greatest 16th-century French sculptor.
• the Fontaine des Innocents, 1548
• Goujon rejected the Mannerism of the Fontainebleau school
• revival of the classical purity of later 5th century Greek art.
Nymph1548-49MarbleMusée du Louvre, Paris
17th century: Baroque (classicism)
• Violent movement• Strong emotion
and dramatic lighting and colors
• Examples: N. Poussin, Georges Latour, Louis Le Nain, Hyacinthe Rigaud (Louis XIV)
http://www.chateauversailles.fr/
Nicholas Poussin: Et in Arcadia Ego'1637-39-Musée du Louvre, Paris
The Holy Family on the Steps - Poussin 1648Inspiration from the Greeks and the Romans
Georges La Tour (1640’s) The New Born
Influenced by Italian painter of light and darkness, Caravaggio
18th century: Rococo• Originated in France• Highly decorated
forms• In reaction to the
massiveness of the Baroque
• Examples: Jean – Antoine
Watteau, Jean-Honoré
FRAGONARD.Happy Accidents of the Swing Fragonard 1767
18th century: Neoclassicism:The Oath of the Horatii J-L David 1784
Neoclassical painting• Late 18th to early
19th centuries• Revived order and
harmony of ancient Roman and Greek art
• Examples: Jacques Louis David
Romanticism• Late 18th to mid
19th centuries• Utilized drama
and bright colors• Reaction to
Neoclassicism• Examples: Eugene
Delacroix and Theodore Gericault
Delacroix: Liberty Leading the People , 1830
19th CenturyDelacroix: The Death of Sardanapalus 1827
19thc Realism: Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849
Impressionism• Late 19th century • Focused on transitory, visual impressions• Often painted directly from nature• Emphasis on changing effects of light and
color• Examples: Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet,
Claude Monet, and Auguste Renoir• Salon of the “refused”artists (1874, Paris)
Edouard Manet
• Dejeuner sur l’herbe & Olympia 1863
Monet Renoir
Villa by the Seaside,1874- Berthe Morisot
Le Moulin de la Galette 1876
Nympheas1887
Pointillism• 1880’s• Developed by
Seurat and Signac• Dots that were to
mix in the eyes of its viewers
• Also called divisionism or neoimpressionism
La Grande Jatte, Seurat, 1884-86
Post Impressionism• Turn of the century
• Reaction against Impressionism
• Examples: • Paul Cezanne and • Paul Gauguin
The Basket of Apples , Cézanne 1895
Van Gogh
Art Nouveau• MODERN
IMAGINATION AND ESTHETICS
posters for the theater• Example: Henri de
Toulouse – Lautrec
• A Mucha ( Sarah Bernhardt )
Sculpture –Auguste Rodin The Thinker/Le Penseur [1881) Louvre
Camille Claudel, L’Age mur(1899-1913) Musée d'Orsay
• Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi
• French Sculptor, 1834-1904
• The Statue of Liberty
–Gustave Eiffel
–The Eiffel Tower (1889)
Art Nouveau: architecture
Victor Horta, architect Belgian, 1861 – 1947
Interior of the Tassel House, 1893
Subway in Paris by Guimard
Avant-Garde until World War II FauvismCubismAbstract ART DadaSurrealismPost-modernism (After WWII)Pop ArtOp ArtPerformance ArtNeo-ExpressionismEnvironmental Art
20th century (1900-1950)The School of Paris, Modernism: abstraction and color
Henri MATISSE http://www.matissepicasso.org/home.asp
Fauvism: Liberation of Color, re-interpretation of “reality”
Red Interior on Blue Table (1947)
Woman with the Hat (1905)
Henri Rousseau: naïve art
Cubism ( leader Picasso: geometrical forms, interpretation of space) Houses at L’Estaque – Georges Braque (1908)
DADA Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)Ready-made, scandalous art
Surrealism• 1920’s and
1930’s• Tries to explore
the subconcious pictorially
• Example: René Magritte (Belgian)
The Treachery of Images -Magritte 1928
Paul Delvaux (Belgian)1897-1994The Village of the Mermaids, 1942Pygmalion, 1939
Postmodernism (Post World War II)Jean HelionNature morte aux pains et salueurs, 1946 Le second Royaume (1983)
Vasarely (1906-1997)—Op Art
Contemporary art. Jean Tinguely Homage to Stravinsky, Paris 1980
Nikki de St Phalle• 1961, New
RealistsNanas, 1974
Christo (wrappings) 1985
Modern Architecture—Pompidou Center (1971-77)
PEI
(architect) (The Louvre glass pyramid)
