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System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs
Chapter 5
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Overview
This chapter covers: Differences between system software and
application software Functions of and differences among operating
systems Various types of operating systems Functions of and various types of utility programs A look at the possible future of operating systems
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SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM
UTILITIES
The operating system and utility programs that control how a computer works and allow you to use your computer
Programs that allow you to perform specific tasks on a computer
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
System Software and Application Software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
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Starts and runs the computer Finds monitors, printers Displays desktop Launches applications Manages files (storage) Controls hardware
configuration Protects from
unauthorized use Backup/recovery
Word processing Playing a game Preparing taxes Surfing the Web Listening to our iPOD’s Watching movies
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
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System Software: The Operating System
Operating system: A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system Acts as the
intermediary (middleman)between the user and thecomputer
Stored in theWINDOWS folder
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Functions of an Operating System
Interfacing with users Command line vs. graphical user
interface (GUI) Too many icons on your desktop
can slow your computer down
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Functions of an Operating System
Booting the computer Kernel is loaded into memory Processes are started msconfig used to control startup of processes
Configuring devices Device drivers are often needed Plug and Play devices are recognized automatically
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Functions of an Operating System
Managing resources and jobs Makes resources available to devices Monitors for problems Scheduling routines
File management Keeps track of files stored
on computer Hierarchical format
Security Passwords Biometric characteristics Firewalls
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Processing Techniques forIncreased Efficiency
The need for speed 3 M ‘s:
Multi-tasking The ability of an operating system to have more than one
program (task) open at one time Multi-threading
The ability to rotate between the steps with a task (called threads) so that processing is completed faster and more efficiently
Multi-processing The ability of the operating system to support Multiple
processors (or multiple cores) performs work more efficiently, by each core taking a task, or
each core splitting up a task
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Processing Techniques forIncreased Efficiency
The need for speed Memory management: Optimizing the use of main
memory (RAM) Virtual memory: Memory-management technique that
uses hard drive space as additional RAM
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Processing Techniques forIncreased Efficiency
The need for speed Buffering and spooling: Used with printers and
other peripheral devices Buffer: area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold
input and output on their way in or out of the system Spooling: placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved
by the appropriate device when needed
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
Review 2 TYPES of software? Functions of Operating System? GUI? Buffer and Spool? What are the 3 “M”’s What is memory management? What are the main security features?
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Operating Systems
Personal operating system Used by us Designed to be installed on a single computer In business, can connect to a Network server
Network Server operating system Used by businesses Designed to be installed on a special computer called a
network server
Mobile operating systems Used in small devices, like phones, tablets
Embedded operating systems Used in non-computing devices, like Cars, GPS
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Server Operating Systems
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Differences Among Operating Systems
Operating Systems are built for technology/hardware Types of CPU’s (processors) supported
Desktop, Mobile, Server, etc. Number of processors (single, multiple) 32-bit or 64-bit CPUs (64 bit is now standard) Support for other technologies
New types of buses (makes it speedy!) Power-saving features (keeps the electric bill down) Touch and gesture input (easy input)
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Operating Systems for Personal Computers
DOS: Disk Operating System PC-DOS: Created originally for IBM
microcomputers MS-DOS: used with IBM-compatible computers DOS traditionally used a command-line interface Can enter DOS commands in Windows
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
GUI Operating Systems
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
Windows Operating Systems (Microsoft)Personal (predominate)
Windows 1.x (DOS) Windows 2.0 (DOS) Windows 3.x (DOS,GUI) Windows 95 (no DOS) Windows 98 Windows NT (32 bit) Windows ME (home networks) Windows 2000 (wireless) Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8
Server
Windows 2000 Windows 2003 Windows 2008 Windows Home Server
(2011)
Windows 2012
16 bit, ran on 186, 286,386, Pentium 1,11 III CPU’s
32 bit, Pentium IV CPU’s
64 bit, I3,I5,I7 CPU’s
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
Unix Operating Systems
UNIX
MAC OS (Apple machines) Based on the UNIX operating
system Originally set the standard for
graphical user interfaces Most recent personal version
Mac OS X Mavericks Traditionally code names based
on big cats (cheetah, puma, jaguar, panther, tiger, leopard, snow leopard and lion)
New features like Time Machine, Stacks, Quick Look, Boot Camp
MAC
Unix late 1960s for midrange
servers Bell Laboratories
Linux Much less expensive
than Windows or Mac OS Open Source Linus Torvald
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
Mobile Operating Systems
Windows Mobile Designed for mobile phones
Look and feel of desktop versions Windows Embedded
Designed for consumer and industrial devices that are not personal computers Cash register, GPS devices, ATMs,
medical devices and robots. Windows Automotive and Microsoft
Auto for cars Ford Sync
Android Linux based OS developed by
Open Handset Alliance (including Google)
Code names based on deserts!(froyo, gingerbread, honeycomb, ice cream sandwich, Jelly bean, KitKat)
iPhone OS Designed for Apple Mobile
phones and mobile devices. BlackBerry Operating System
Designed for BlackBerry devices Palm OS and Palm webOS
Designed for Palm devices Symbian OS
Designed for use with smart phones like Nokia
Other mobile devices Use Embedded Linux
GPS devices, appliances
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Larger Computer Operating Systems
Larger computers sometimes use operating systems designed solely for that type of computer IBM’s z/OS and i/5OS run on IBM mainframes UniSys OS-2200 run on UniSys mainframes
Windows, UNIX, and Linux are also used with both mainframes and supercomputers Sun Solaris, HP UX, IBM AIX FYI: Linux computers can be linked together to
form a supercomputing cluster
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
Review What are the two forms of DOS? What are the 3 main PC operating systems? What is the name of the file management utility in
a Windows operating system? What are the two main types of software? S___ and
A__ The first type has two categories: O___ and U___
Which of the above performs “back-ups”? Which one protects the PC from illegal use?
The need for speed: What are the “3 M’s” What is virtual memory? Where is it? What is buffering and spooling?
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Utility Programs
Utility program Software that performs a specific task, related to
managing or maintaining the computer system Many utilities are built into operating systems
File Management Search Diagnostic Disk Management Backup
Utilities are also available as stand-alone products and as suites
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File Management Programs
File management Utilities: Enable the user to perform file management tasks, such as: Looking at the contents of a storage medium Copying, moving, and renaming files and folders Deleting files and folders File management program in Windows is Windows
Explorer (Computer)
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Utility Programs
Search tools: Designed to search for files on the user’s hard drive
Diagnostic programs: Evaluate your system and make recommendations for
fixing any errors found Disk management programs:
Diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive
Uninstall utilities: Remove programs from your hard drive without
leaving bits and pieces behind
Clean up utilities: Delete temporary files
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Utility Programs
Backup and recovery utilities: Make the backup and restoration process easier Backup: Duplicate copy of data or other
computer content Good backup procedures are critical for
businesses Individuals should back up important
documents, e-mail, photos, home video, etc.
Store backup data on a CD or DVD, second hard drive, flash memory drive, or upload to the Internet
Back up your entire computer once all programs have been installed, so your system can be restored to that configuration.
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The Future of Operating Systems
Will continue to become more user-friendly Will eventually be driven primarily by a voice
interface Likely to continue to become more stable and
self-healing Will likely continue to include improved
security features and to support multiple processors and other technological improvements
May be used primarily to access software available through the Internet or other networks
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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
Review What was the very first operating system for a
personal computer called? Are operating systems today text-based? What does the term “user interface” mean? How many versions of Microsoft Windows are
there? What are the 2 most recent versions of
Windows? What are some of the things utility programs do? Are utility programs built into the operating
system? Are utility programs sold separately?