Download - Strategies to help organise your writing and avoid plagiarism

Strategies to help Strategies to help organise your organise your writingwriting and and avoid plagiarismavoid plagiarism

Marian ButlerMarian Butler

Breaches of academic integrity Breaches of academic integrity

happen when students:happen when students:Plagiarise authors they have readPlagiarise authors they have read

Work together & submit the same work independentlyWork together & submit the same work independently

Copy another student’s workCopy another student’s work

Buy, are given, or steal essays & submit them Buy, are given, or steal essays & submit them

Take notes into exams, or have someone else sit the Take notes into exams, or have someone else sit the

exam exam

Make up references or data Make up references or data

Hide library books, cut out pages or delete textsHide library books, cut out pages or delete texts

Lie about medical conditions to get extensions Lie about medical conditions to get extensions

Have someone make major editing and proof reading Have someone make major editing and proof reading

corrections to assignmentscorrections to assignmentsZeegersZeegers et al (2008: 106)et al (2008: 106)

What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism?

The University of Queensland definition:The University of Queensland definition:

"Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting as "Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting as

one's own original work the ideas, one's own original work the ideas,

interpretations, words or creative works of interpretations, words or creative works of interpretations, words or creative works of interpretations, words or creative works of

another. These include published and another. These include published and

unpublished documents, designs, music, unpublished documents, designs, music,

sounds, images, photographs, computer codes sounds, images, photographs, computer codes

and ideas gained through working in a group. and ideas gained through working in a group.

These ideas, interpretations, words or works These ideas, interpretations, words or works

may be found in print and/or electronic media." may be found in print and/or electronic media."

A word of caution:A word of caution:“One of the strongest demographic “One of the strongest demographic correlationscorrelations with with academic misconductacademic misconduct in the in the United StatesUnited States is with is with languagelanguage.” .”

–– ESL students more often in trouble for academic ESL students more often in trouble for academic dishonesty than native speakersdishonesty than native speakers

–– ESL students more likely to be caught than native ESL students more likely to be caught than native speakersspeakers

Why?Why?Why?Why?–– Fear of losing meaningFear of losing meaning

–– Difficulty with language/paraphrasing skillsDifficulty with language/paraphrasing skills

–– Cultural differences?Cultural differences?

“In the University of California, international students “In the University of California, international students make up make up 10%10% of the student body but comprise of the student body but comprise 47%47% of of academic dishonesty cases.“academic dishonesty cases.“

Source: WikipediaSource: Wikipedia

Some interesting facts:Some interesting facts:

2/3 of teachers in a survey in the US attributed 2/3 of teachers in a survey in the US attributed plagiarism to poor plagiarism to poor time managementtime management

There is a strong link between a very active There is a strong link between a very active extra curricular life and academic dishonestyextra curricular life and academic dishonestyincluding team membership, socialising, and including team membership, socialising, and extra curricular life and academic dishonestyextra curricular life and academic dishonestyincluding team membership, socialising, and including team membership, socialising, and other forms of entertainment like TV watchingother forms of entertainment like TV watching

One study found that students who are One study found that students who are dishonest in class are dishonest in class are more likelymore likely to engage in to engage in fraud and theftfraud and theft on the job when they enter the on the job when they enter the workplace! workplace!

In brief, you plagiarise when In brief, you plagiarise when you:you:

In brief, you plagiarise when In brief, you plagiarise when you:you:

Use another’s work and Use another’s work and do not do not referencereference the source, for example:the source, for example:** you copy without using quotation you copy without using quotation

marksmarks** you summarise without referencingyou summarise without referencing** you summarise without referencingyou summarise without referencing

the author’s namethe author’s name

** You use/develop someone else’s idea You use/develop someone else’s idea without referencing itwithout referencing it

** You use experimental results without You use experimental results without

referencingreferencing where they came fromwhere they came from

What do you think?What do you think?

1.1. If you rewrite the argument from an article in your own words, are If you rewrite the argument from an article in your own words, are you still expected to provide a reference? you still expected to provide a reference? Yes, you still need to acknowledge where you got your ideas Yes, you still need to acknowledge where you got your ideas from.from.

2.2. A friend says that you do not have to provide a reference for a A friend says that you do not have to provide a reference for a statistic because a statistic is just a fact and not someone’s ideas. statistic because a statistic is just a fact and not someone’s ideas. Are they correct? Are they correct? Are they correct? Are they correct? No, it’s still someone else’s work and the reader will want to know No, it’s still someone else’s work and the reader will want to know where you got your information from to assess its credibility.where you got your information from to assess its credibility.

3.3. Even if they contain specific, factual material, introductions to Even if they contain specific, factual material, introductions to essays are not required to have references in them.essays are not required to have references in them.FalseFalse

4.4. If you write a general overview of the main ideas that you have If you write a general overview of the main ideas that you have got from reading a number of different articles, are you required to got from reading a number of different articles, are you required to provide references? provide references? Yes, you are still using some else’s ideas.Yes, you are still using some else’s ideas.

But aren’t I supposed to use the ideas and

results of other people in my writing?

Yes, to develop a credible and informed opinion,

you must build on and use the works of other

people.

The other important thing is that you “transform” The other important thing is that you “transform”

the work of others so that you can say of your

writing, “that is my work, not just a summary of

the work of others.”

IntentionalIntentional vs vs carelesscareless plagiarismplagiarism

If found to be intentional, the penalties can be If found to be intentional, the penalties can be quite severe, including exclusion from the quite severe, including exclusion from the university. university.

There are penalties, such as loss of marks, even There are penalties, such as loss of marks, even There are penalties, such as loss of marks, even There are penalties, such as loss of marks, even for “careless plagiarism”, which may arise from for “careless plagiarism”, which may arise from being lazy or careless about using sources being lazy or careless about using sources appropriately.appropriately.

For more information, see the full policy at: For more information, see the full policy at: http://www.uq.edu.au/hupp/indexhttp://www.uq.edu.au/hupp/index. .

It can be unintentional when….It can be unintentional when….

“I couldn’t think of a better way to explain it”“I couldn’t think of a better way to explain it”

Inadequately referencing multiple points from Inadequately referencing multiple points from

one authorone author

Inadequately referencing ideas from more than Inadequately referencing ideas from more than Inadequately referencing ideas from more than Inadequately referencing ideas from more than

one author in one sentence. one author in one sentence.

But it is important to sort it out But it is important to sort it out

Ignorance is no defenceIgnorance is no defence

Referencing multiple points from one Referencing multiple points from one

author:author:Use signal words and phrases to Use signal words and phrases to showshow the the reader reader that the points belong to the same that the points belong to the same authorauthor::

–– According to Jones (2007), working in teams has According to Jones (2007), working in teams has the the following advantages and disadvantagesfollowing advantages and disadvantages. The . The advantages advantages includeinclude such things as …. such things as …. In contrastIn contrast to to advantages advantages includeinclude such things as …. such things as …. In contrastIn contrast to to these potential benefits, working in teams may result these potential benefits, working in teams may result in in disadvantagesdisadvantages such as ….such as ….

–– According to Smith (2005), According to Smith (2005), there are three main there are three main problemsproblems with this approach. with this approach. FirstlyFirstly, it neglects, … , it neglects, … SecondlySecondly, …. , …. FinallyFinally, this approach may result in …., this approach may result in ….

–– JaytJayt (2006) argues that………. She (2006) argues that………. She alsoalso suggests suggests that……. that……. In additionIn addition she emphasises the fact that…she emphasises the fact that…

More signal wordsMore signal words

Similar ideasSimilar ideas -- similarly, in the same way, similarly, in the same way, along similar linesalong similar lines

Different ideasDifferent ideas –– on the other hand, by on the other hand, by contrast, alternative views suggestcontrast, alternative views suggestcontrast, alternative views suggestcontrast, alternative views suggest

Results Results –– therefore, consequentlytherefore, consequently

ListsLists –– firstly, additionally, a further firstly, additionally, a further exampleexample

Also Also pick up wordspick up words used earlier and use used earlier and use pronouns (this, these, those..)pronouns (this, these, those..) to help linkto help link

Referencing ideas from more than one Referencing ideas from more than one

author in one sentence: author in one sentence:

Smith’s (1994) theory about the acquisition of Smith’s (1994) theory about the acquisition of faith suggests…….while other factors faith suggests…….while other factors include….., nevertheless there is agreement that include….., nevertheless there is agreement that the principles of ….. and….are necessary the principles of ….. and….are necessary the principles of ….. and….are necessary the principles of ….. and….are necessary preconditions.preconditions.

Smith’s (1994) theory about the acquisition of Smith’s (1994) theory about the acquisition of faith suggests…….while faith suggests…….while Jones (2005) suggestsJones (2005) suggestsother factors other factors whichwhich include….., nevertheless include….., nevertheless there is agreement there is agreement (Jones, 2005; Smith,1994 (Jones, 2005; Smith,1994 and White, 2006)and White, 2006) that the principles of ….. that the principles of ….. and….are necessary preconditions.and….are necessary preconditions.

It gets worse when…..It gets worse when…..

A paraphrase is so close to the original A paraphrase is so close to the original that it is considered to be plagiarism that it is considered to be plagiarism even even when you have referenced the source!when you have referenced the source!

You plagiarise yourself!You plagiarise yourself!

–– By handing in the same assignment for two By handing in the same assignment for two

different subjectsdifferent subjects

‘Students frequently overuse direct quotations in taking ‘Students frequently overuse direct quotations in taking

notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the

final research paper. Probably only about 10% of your final research paper. Probably only about 10% of your

final manuscript should appear as directly quoted final manuscript should appear as directly quoted

matter. Therefore you should strive to limit the amount matter. Therefore you should strive to limit the amount

of exact transcribing of source materials while taking of exact transcribing of source materials while taking

notes (James,1976:46notes (James,1976:46--47).47).

Plagiarised versionPlagiarised versionPlagiarised versionPlagiarised version

StudentsStudents often use too many often use too many direct quotationsdirect quotations when they when they take notes,take notes, resulting in too many of them in the resulting in too many of them in the final final researchresearch paperpaper. In fact, . In fact, probably only about 10% of the probably only about 10% of the final copy shouldfinal copy should consist of consist of directly quoted materialdirectly quoted material. So it . So it is important tois important to limit limit the the source materialsource material copied copied while while taking notes.taking notes.

When When paraphrasingparaphrasing an author’s an author’s

work:work:

Write without looking at the originalWrite without looking at the original

Use your own words and style of writingUse your own words and style of writingUse your own words and style of writingUse your own words and style of writing

Aim to keep the length similar or shorterAim to keep the length similar or shorter

Capture the meaning of the originalCapture the meaning of the original

‘‘Students frequently overuse direct quotations in taking Students frequently overuse direct quotations in taking

notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the

final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your

final manuscript should appear as directly quoted final manuscript should appear as directly quoted

matter. Therefore you should strive to limit the amount matter. Therefore you should strive to limit the amount

of exact transcribing of source materials while taking of exact transcribing of source materials while taking

notes’ (James,1976:46notes’ (James,1976:46--47).47).

Your turn!Your turn!Your turn!Your turn!

Summarised:Summarised:Students should take just a few notes in direct Students should take just a few notes in direct

quotations from sources to help minimise the quotations from sources to help minimise the

amount of quoted material in a research amount of quoted material in a research

paper.paper.

“Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting as one's own original work the ideas, “Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting as one's own original work the ideas,

interpretations, words or creative works of another. These include published interpretations, words or creative works of another. These include published

and unpublished documents, designs, music, sounds, images, photographs, and unpublished documents, designs, music, sounds, images, photographs,

computer codes and ideas gained through working in a group. These ideas, computer codes and ideas gained through working in a group. These ideas,

interpretations, words or works may be found in print and/or electronic media interpretations, words or works may be found in print and/or electronic media

(University of Queensland, 2007).(University of Queensland, 2007).

Plagiarism is the Plagiarism is the processprocess of of

claimingclaiming as one’s own as one’s own

original work the original work the thoughtsthoughts, ,

interpretations, words and interpretations, words and

We are guilty of We are guilty of plagiarism anytime when plagiarism anytime when we claim ownership we claim ownership directly or indirectly of directly or indirectly of interpretations, words and interpretations, words and

creative creative thinkingthinking of another. of another.

ThisThis includes published and includes published and

unpublished unpublished manuscriptsmanuscripts of of

any kind as well as ideas any kind as well as ideas

gained through group work. gained through group work.

This applies to both This applies to both print print

and electronic media and electronic media

(University of Queensland, (University of Queensland,

2007).2007).

directly or indirectly of directly or indirectly of someone else’s work. someone else’s work. This applies to published This applies to published and unpublished and unpublished documents as well as to documents as well as to ideas from all sources ideas from all sources such as computer codes, such as computer codes, plans, sounds, images or plans, sounds, images or even ideas from even ideas from discussion groups.discussion groups.

Avoiding plagiarismAvoiding plagiarism

ReduceReduce the amount of the amount of directdirect paraphrasing paraphrasing you have to doyou have to do

Rather, take notes (wherever possible) at Rather, take notes (wherever possible) at Rather, take notes (wherever possible) at Rather, take notes (wherever possible) at a distance from the texta distance from the text

But how?But how?

Taking notes ‘at a distance’Taking notes ‘at a distance’

Develop Develop research questionsresearch questions for your for your assignment:assignment:

–– What are the key issues in this topic?What are the key issues in this topic?

As you read, As you read, look for answerslook for answers to your research to your research questionsquestions

Write Write key wordskey words in the margin or on a piece of in the margin or on a piece of Write Write key wordskey words in the margin or on a piece of in the margin or on a piece of paper for each relevant paragraphpaper for each relevant paragraph

ReadRead the whole article the whole article beforebefore you write long you write long hand noteshand notes

RecordRecord information information underunder research research questionsquestions or or headings headings afterafter you have finished reading the you have finished reading the articlearticle

Example:Example:

Essay topic:Essay topic:

“Plagiarism has now reached endemic “Plagiarism has now reached endemic proportions and should be punished by proportions and should be punished by automatic exclusion”. Discuss.automatic exclusion”. Discuss.

Research questions:Research questions:Research questions:Research questions:–– What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism?

–– Is it on the increase?Is it on the increase?

–– Why do people plagiarise?Why do people plagiarise?

–– What types of penalties reduce it?What types of penalties reduce it?

–– What are the different types of plagiarism?What are the different types of plagiarism?

–– How widespread is it?How widespread is it?

–– Are some types less dishonest than others?Are some types less dishonest than others?

Academic Crime and Punishment: Faculty Members’ Perceptions Academic Crime and Punishment: Faculty Members’ Perceptions of and Responses to Plagiarismof and Responses to Plagiarism

Carol RobinsonCarol Robinson--ZañartuZañartu, , Elizabeth D. PeñaElizabeth D. Peña, , Valerie CookValerie Cook--Morales, Anna M. Peña, Morales, Anna M. Peña,

Rosalyn Afshani, and Lynda NguyenRosalyn Afshani, and Lynda Nguyen (2005)(2005)

Plagiarism of Plagiarism of printed materialprinted material has long been has long been considered academic misconduct, punishable considered academic misconduct, punishable in forms varying from mild reprimands to in forms varying from mild reprimands to expulsion from the institution in which it expulsion from the institution in which it occurs. However, the advent of the occurs. However, the advent of the ““information ageinformation age,” as well as access to ,” as well as access to websitewebsite--based resourcesbased resources (ranging from (ranging from

Long term

problem

New methods,

New problemswebsitewebsite--based resourcesbased resources (ranging from (ranging from journal abstracts to entire papers, visual journal abstracts to entire papers, visual materials, and commentaries), materials, and commentaries), broadensbroadens not not only the only the fieldfield of resources, but also the of resources, but also the problemsproblems associated with their access and associated with their access and use. For decades, guidelines have use. For decades, guidelines have defineddefinedplagiarism broadly as the public plagiarism broadly as the public misrepresentationsmisrepresentations of of work work as original, or any as original, or any activity in which a person knowingly or activity in which a person knowingly or unknowingly and for some form of gain, unknowingly and for some form of gain, represents therepresents the

New problems

Definition

work of another as his/her own (Decoo, work of another as his/her own (Decoo, 2002; Lindey, 1952; Office of Research 2002; Lindey, 1952; Office of Research Integrity [ORI], 1994; Office of Science and Integrity [ORI], 1994; Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2000). Martin (1994) Technology Policy, 2000). Martin (1994) specifies specifies multiple kindsmultiple kinds of plagiarism, from of plagiarism, from plagiarism of plagiarism of authorshipauthorship (whole (whole documents) to documents) to wordword--forfor--wordword plagiarism plagiarism (unacknowledged use of whole phrases or (unacknowledged use of whole phrases or paragraphs), paragraphs), paraphrasing plagiarismparaphrasing plagiarism, and , and plagiarism of plagiarism of secondary sourcessecondary sources. He . He raises the intriguing issue that most raises the intriguing issue that most

Types

raises the intriguing issue that most raises the intriguing issue that most concern in academe is centered on the concern in academe is centered on the least serious of these. The least least serious of these. The least seriousserious (in (in his estimation), wordhis estimation), word--forfor--word plagiarism, word plagiarism, is the easiest to detect and the most is the easiest to detect and the most frequently punished; the most difficult to frequently punished; the most difficult to detect (plagiarism of authorship) is least detect (plagiarism of authorship) is least frequently punished because it is most frequently punished because it is most difficult to find and prove.difficult to find and prove.

Severity

Note taking Note taking afterafter reading:reading:

–– What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism?Defn. Decoo, 2002; Lindey, 1952; Office of Defn. Decoo, 2002; Lindey, 1952; Office of Research Integrity [ORI], 1994; Office of Science Research Integrity [ORI], 1994; Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2000) in Robinsonand Technology Policy, 2000) in Robinson--Z Z (2005)(2005)

Martin (1994) Martin (1994) –– types: authorship, word for word, types: authorship, word for word, paraphrasing, secondary sources in RZparaphrasing, secondary sources in RZ

–– Is it on the increase?Is it on the increase?RobinsonRobinson--Zanartu (2005) Zanartu (2005) –– more opportunitiesmore opportunities

–– Why do people plagiarise?Why do people plagiarise?Ignorance (RIgnorance (R--Z 2005)Z 2005)

Group similar questions together:Group similar questions together:

–– What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism?

–– Is it on the increase?Is it on the increase?

–– Why do people plagiarise?Why do people plagiarise?

–– What types of penalties reduce it?What types of penalties reduce it?

–– What are the different types of plagiarism?What are the different types of plagiarism?–– What are the different types of plagiarism?What are the different types of plagiarism?

–– How widespread is it?How widespread is it?

–– Are some types less dishonest than others?Are some types less dishonest than others?

–– What does exclusion mean?What does exclusion mean?

–– Is it more prevalent in some groups than Is it more prevalent in some groups than

others?others?

Think and plan (concept map) Think and plan (concept map)

before you write:before you write:Your plan should be detailed and should show:Your plan should be detailed and should show:–– Authors and datesAuthors and dates

–– Which authors have similar ideasWhich authors have similar ideas

–– Which authors differ (and how)Which authors differ (and how)

–– Your Your criticalcritical comments (PMI + Gaps)comments (PMI + Gaps)

Advantages of detailed plans:Advantages of detailed plans:–– Help define flow of ideasHelp define flow of ideas

–– Help you discover themes or main ideasHelp you discover themes or main ideas

–– Give you a place to write from that is Give you a place to write from that is not close to the textnot close to the text

–– Focus thinking on the topicFocus thinking on the topic

–– HelpHelp youyou think about topic sentences in relation to the topicthink about topic sentences in relation to the topic

–– Give you a reference point for new ideas as you writeGive you a reference point for new ideas as you write

Critiquing and commenting:Critiquing and commenting:

Essential part of academic writingEssential part of academic writing

Takes focus off simply explaining authors’ Takes focus off simply explaining authors’ ideasideasideasideas

Is part of developing an argument or Is part of developing an argument or having a ‘voice’having a ‘voice’

Advances knowledge Advances knowledge –– you can do this!you can do this!

Example: critique/comment?Example: critique/comment?

Sands (2006: 95) Sands (2006: 95)

argues that music is a argues that music is a

key feature of rituals key feature of rituals

for people across for people across

cultures. Briggs cultures. Briggs

Sands (2006:95) and Sands (2006:95) and

Briggs (2004:12) Briggs (2004:12)

argue that music is at argue that music is at

the heart of ritual, the heart of ritual,

however neither of however neither of cultures. Briggs cultures. Briggs

(2004:12) agrees and (2004:12) agrees and

claims that all rituals claims that all rituals

have certain musical have certain musical

features at their core.features at their core.

however neither of however neither of

these authors explain these authors explain

why music is why music is

essential, nor do they essential, nor do they

examine how different examine how different

types of music might types of music might

be used by different be used by different

cultural groups.cultural groups.

Adopt a thinking not “cut and paste” Adopt a thinking not “cut and paste”

approach to writing the assignment:approach to writing the assignment:

Cut and paste:Cut and paste:

–– Which ‘quotes’ do I Which ‘quotes’ do I

want to use?want to use?

–– How many words do I How many words do I

need for that idea?need for that idea?

Thinking approach:Thinking approach:

–– What are the main What are the main

issues I want to issues I want to

discuss?discuss?

–– What is my thesis or What is my thesis or need for that idea?need for that idea? –– What is my thesis or What is my thesis or

controlling idea?controlling idea?

–– What will I say in this What will I say in this

paragraph and how paragraph and how

will I link it to the thesis will I link it to the thesis

and topic?and topic?

“Plagiarism has now reached endemic “Plagiarism has now reached endemic proportions and should be punished by proportions and should be punished by

automatic exclusion”. Discuss.automatic exclusion”. Discuss.

Cut and paste intro:Cut and paste intro:

–– Plagiarism of printed Plagiarism of printed material has been a material has been a problem for many years problem for many years and has been punished in and has been punished in a variety of ways. a variety of ways.

Thinking intro:Thinking intro:

–– While it may be an While it may be an exaggeration to suggest exaggeration to suggest that there is currently an that there is currently an epidemic of plagiarism, epidemic of plagiarism, there is little doubt that it is there is little doubt that it is a variety of ways. a variety of ways.

Technology has made it Technology has made it easier for students to easier for students to plagiarise than ever before. plagiarise than ever before. This essay will examine This essay will examine how common plagiarism is how common plagiarism is and what the best forms of and what the best forms of punishment are. punishment are.

there is little doubt that it is there is little doubt that it is an important concern for an important concern for educators and that there is educators and that there is an urgent need for it to be an urgent need for it to be addressed, particularly in addressed, particularly in universities. Since the topic universities. Since the topic has received little research has received little research attention until recently, it is attention until recently, it is difficult to ascertain the difficult to ascertain the extent to which plagiarism extent to which plagiarism has increased, howeverhas increased, however

UQ library on plagiarism:UQ library on plagiarism:•To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you:•Quote from actual spoken or written words

•Use another person's ideas, opinions, or theories in an assignment or essay •Make use of information, such as statistics, graphs, drawings, that are not common knowledge •Paraphrase another person's spoken or written words•Paraphrase another person's spoken or written words

•To avoid unintentional plagiarism:•Use quotation marks around everything that comes directly from a text or article •Try to summarise ideas and arguments in your own words -don't just rearrange a few words here and there •Check that you have correctly paraphrased and acknowledged the original ideas •Check your summary against the original text

(UQ Library Homepage)

Turnitin Turnitin ((www.turnitin.comwww.turnitin.com))

You can use You can use TurnitinTurnitin to identify inadvertent to identify inadvertent plagiarism plagiarism before you hand inbefore you hand in your your assignmentassignment

Lecturers can use Lecturers can use TurnitinTurnitin reports to reports to identify plagiarismidentify plagiarism..

Allow timeAllow time before you hand in to give the before you hand in to give the system time to generate a report.system time to generate a report.

Turnitin is only available if your lecturer makes it available on a Blackboard website for your course.

Logo

for a for a

Turnitin

assign-

ment

Accessing the Turnitin reportAccessing the Turnitin report

To view report, click here

Sample Turnitin Report.

Select these to exclude quoted material and your reference list from the text matching.

Matching text

Matching source


MosisMosis referencedreferenced inin thethe texttext eacheach timetime hehe referredreferred

toto anan author’sauthor’s ideasideas.. EachEach timetime hehe wrotewrote thethe ideasideas

ofof anan author,author, hehe waswas carefulcareful toto changechange atat leastleast oneone

oror twotwo wordswords perper sentencesentence.. HeHe includedincluded allall authorsauthors

hehe hadhad referredreferred toto inin hishis referencereference listlist..hehe hadhad referredreferred toto inin hishis referencereference listlist..

His lecturer gave him zero on his assignment, claiming His lecturer gave him zero on his assignment, claiming

that he had plagiarised.that he had plagiarised.

Guilty?Guilty?


Marcia referenced all the direct quotes in Marcia referenced all the direct quotes in her assignment, but did not reference the her assignment, but did not reference the ideas she had taken from texts when she ideas she had taken from texts when she had written them in her own words.had written them in her own words.had written them in her own words.had written them in her own words.

Her lecturer was unimpressed.Her lecturer was unimpressed.

mean lecturer or academic rigor?mean lecturer or academic rigor?


FernandoFernando waswas delighteddelighted toto seesee thatthat anan

authorauthor hehe readread hadhad similarsimilar ideasideas toto hishis ownown

withwith regardsregards toto hishis assignmentassignment topictopic.. HeHe

wrotewrote thethe ideasideas inin hishis ownown words,words, butbut diddid notnot

referencereference themthem..referencereference themthem..

TheThe lecturerlecturer failedfailed himhim becausebecause hehe diddid notnot

referencereference sufficientlysufficiently inin hishis assignmentassignment..

Fair? or “killing” original thinking?Fair? or “killing” original thinking?

Conclusion:Conclusion:

Take notes Take notes afterafter you have readyou have read

ThinkThink and plan what you want to sayand plan what you want to say

Focus on commenting/critiquing rather Focus on commenting/critiquing rather Focus on commenting/critiquing rather Focus on commenting/critiquing rather than reproducingthan reproducing

Don’t use a cut and paste approachDon’t use a cut and paste approach

Seek help if you need it!Seek help if you need it!

Where to go for help.Where to go for help.

For further help For further help aboutabout plagiarismplagiarism

Consult the University’s policy on academic integrity Consult the University’s policy on academic integrity and plagiarism (HUPP 3.40.12)and plagiarism (HUPP 3.40.12)

Consult the Library Consult the Library –– ask for or download their ask for or download their information sheetinformation sheet

Consult Learning Advisors in Student ServicesConsult Learning Advisors in Student Services

If you are If you are accusedaccused of plagiarismof plagiarism-- Consult Student Help on Campus/Learning AdvisorsConsult Student Help on Campus/Learning Advisors

Download - Strategies to help organise your writing and avoid plagiarism

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