Transcript

Standard 8.25 LessonAmerican Rev. (Ft.

Ticonderoga to Bunker Hill)

Say Thanks to the AuthorsClick http://www.ck12.org/saythanks

(No sign in required)

To access a customizable version of this book, as well as otherinteractive content, visit www.ck12.org

CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission toreduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both inthe U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-source, collaborative, andweb-based compilation model, CK-12 pioneers and promotes thecreation and distribution of high-quality, adaptive online textbooksthat can be mixed, modified and printed (i.e., the FlexBook®textbooks).

Copyright © 2015 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org

The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and theterms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively“CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and internationallaws.

Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium,in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution linkhttp://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) inaddition to the following terms.

Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordancewith the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Com-mons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporatedherein by this reference.

Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/about/terms-of-use.

Printed: November 17, 2015

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.25 Lesson American Rev. (Ft. Ticonderoga to Bunker Hill)

CHAPTER 1Standard 8.25 Lesson

American Rev. (Ft. Ticonderoga toBunker Hill)

8.25 Identify and explain the significance of the major battles, leaders, and events of the American Revolution,including: (C, E, H, P, TN)

• Capture of Fort Ticonderoga• Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

FIGURE 1.1

The Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHkQCfu2cwc

Introduction:

The Americans and British have fought at the Battle of Lexington and Conord. The British army retreated fromConcord, Massachusetts back to the city of Boston.

1

www.ck12.org

http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battle-of-bunker-hill

Siege of Boston

FIGURE 1.2

Meanwhile, American militia and the British army were fighting for control of Boston. Across from the city ofBoston was the peninsula of Charlestown. On June 16, 1775,

Colonel William Prescott led 1,200 minutemen up Bunker Hill, but then ordered his men to change to Breed’s Hillbecause it gave them a better defensive position. From this hill, the rebels could bombard the city of Boston andBritish ships in Boston Harbor. When the The American militia began to build fortifications on Breeds Hill, theBritish became nervous.

The next morning, the British were stunned to see Americans threatening them. In the 18th century, British militarycustom demanded that the British attack the Americans, even though the Americans were in a superior positionmilitarily (the Americans had soldiers and cannon pointing down on the British).

2

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.25 Lesson American Rev. (Ft. Ticonderoga to Bunker Hill)

( Pictured Above: William Howe was the commander in chief of the British army at the Battle of Bunker Hill.)

Major General William Howe, leading the British forces, could have easily surrounded the Americans with his shipsat sea, but instead chose to march his troops uphill. Howe might have believed that the Americans would retreat inthe face of a smashing, head-on attack.

His Majesty’s ships opened fire on the Americans. Early in the afternoon, 2,400 British soldiers crossed the CharlesRiver and stormed Breeds hill. The Americans waited until the British were within 15 paces, and then unleashed abloody hail of bullets. Scores of British troops were killed or wounded; the rest retreated down the hill.

Again, the British rushed the hill in a second wave. And again they retreated, suffering a great number of casualties.

By the time the third wave of British charged the hill, the Americans were running low on ammunition and hand-to-hand fighting ensued. The British eventually took the hill, but at a great cost. Of the 2,400 British soldiers who hadgone through the ordeal, over 1,000 were either killed or wounded. The American suffered about 400 casualties.

From www.ducksters.co m, read and answer questions about the Battle of Bunker Hill

http://www.ducksters.com/history/battle_of_bunker_hill.php

3

www.ck12.org

The Continental Army

FIGURE 1.3

At the very same day Fort Ticonderoga was surrendering, the American Continental Army was being formed. TheAmerican colonists attempted to keep peace between the colonies and Britain with the Olive Branch Petition.

On July, 2, 1775, George Washington rode into Cambridge, Massachusetts, to take command of the new Americanarmy. He had a formidable task ahead of him. He needed to establish a chain of command and determine a courseof action for a war.

http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history/videos

4

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.25 Lesson American Rev. (Ft. Ticonderoga to Bunker Hill)

Why Washington?

FIGURE 1.4

John Adams Nominates George Washington as the Commander in Chief

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrGEQvAZQtA

Washington was one of the few Americans of the era to have military experience. He had served with distinctionin the French and Indian War. Washington was also a southerner. Politicians from the north (such as John Adams)recognized that, for the Americans to have any shot at defeating the British, all regions of the country would have tobe involved. The uprising had to be more than just New England agitation.

In London, the news of Bunker Hill convinced the king that the situation in the Colonies had escalated into anorganized uprising and must be treated as a foreign war. Accordingly, he issued a Proclamation of Rebellion.

http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/george-washington

5

www.ck12.org

This Means War

Almost 11 months after the shots at Bunker Hill were fired, Howe departed Boston and moved north to Nova Scotiato wait and plan. He did win decisive victories later, but his assumption that the Loyalists would rally behind himwas simply wrong.

Rebels take Ticonderoga

The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga

http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/capture-of-fort-ticonderoga

In June of 1775, British soldiers were sieged in Boston after the Battles of Lexington and Concord. American militiawanted to remove the British army with cannon fire to drive them completely out of Boston. First, they would needto attack a fort in the north called, “Fort Ticonderoga, located at the southern tip of Lake Champlain, New York. FortTiconderoga had a large supply of cannons, artillery, and powder the Americans could use in Boston. Ethan Allen, aVermont Blacksmith, and Benedict Arnold led a group of militia known as, “ Green Mountain Boys ,” to attack FortTiconderoga. May 10, 1775, Ethan Allen and the Green Mountains Boys surprised the fort and its general at nighttime causing the British general to surrender the entire fort. Using oxens and man power, the Green Mountain boysslowly dragged all the captured artillery to Boston.

6

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.25 Lesson American Rev. (Ft. Ticonderoga to Bunker Hill)

From www.ducksters.com, read about The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga and review the questions.

http://www.ducksters.com/history/american_revolution/fort_ticonderoga.php

and...

http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/george-washington

7


Top Related