Download - Spanish lesson 5

Español 101

Lección 54 Junio 2012

VII. Sentence StructureType Order Example Comment

Statement Subject, verb Roberto estudia. (Robert is studying.)

This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm.

Statement Subject, verb, object

Roberto compró el libro. (Robert bought the book.)


Type Order Example Comment

Statement Subject, object pronoun, verb

Roberto lo compró. (Roberto bought it.)

This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm. Object pronouns precede conjugated verbs; they can be attached at the end of infinitives and present participles.

Question Question word, verb, subject

¿Dónde está el libro? (Where is the book?)


Exclamation Exclamatory word, adjective, verb, subject

¡Qué linda es Roberta! (How beautiful Roberta is!)

This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm. Many exclamations omit one or more of these sentence parts.

Statement Verb, noun Sufren los niños. (The children are suffering.)

Placing the verb ahead of the noun can have the effect of placing more emphasis on the verb. In the sample sentence, the emphasis is more on the suffering than who is suffering.


Statement Object, verb, noun

El libro lo escribió Juan. (John wrote the book.)

Placing the object at the beginning of the sentence can have the effect of placing more emphasis on the object. In the sample sentence, the emphasis is on what was written, not who wrote it. The pronoun lo, although redundant, is customary in this sentence construction.

Statement Adverb, verb, noun

Siempre hablan los niños. (The children are always talking.)

In general, Spanish adverbs are kept close to the verbs they modify. If an adverb starts a sentence, the verb frequently follows.

Phrase Noun, adjective la casa azul y cara (the expensive blue house)

Descriptive adjectives, especially ones that describe something objectively, usually are placed after the nouns they modify.


Phrase Adjective, noun Otras casas (other houses); mi querida amiga (my dear friend)

Adjectives of number and other nondescriptive adjectives usually precede the noun. Often, so do adjectives being used to describe something subjectively, such as to impart an emotional quality to it.

Phrase Preposition, noun en la caja (in the box)

Note that Spanish sentences can never end in a preposition, as is commonly done in English.

Command Verb, subject pronoun

Estudia tú. (Study.) Pronouns are often unnecessary in commands; when used, they nearly always immediately follow the verb.

Más expresiones - More expressions

• Buen Trabajo! - Great job!• Hoy me cepillé (lavé) los dientes - Today, I

brushed my teeth• Subí en el ascensor/elevador - I took the lift

upstairs • ¿Puedes enseñarme cómo hacer esto? - Can you

teach me how to do this?• ¿Qué vamos a hacer hoy? - What are we going

to do today?

Más expresiones - More expressions, cont.

• ¿Dónde está el supermercado? - Where is the supermarket?

• ¿Qué puedo traer a mis amigos en Singapur? What is famous here that I can buy back for my friends in Singapore?

• Mantente en contacto/Escríbeme - Keep in touch

Conversación - Conversation

• ¿Qué te gusta hacer en tu tiempo libre? - What do you like to do in your free time?

• ¿Cuál es tu comida/bebida/deporte/hobby/pasatiempo favorito(a)? - What is your favourite food/drink/sport/hobby/past time/band...

• Me gustaría hablar con - I would like to talk to • ¿Te gustaría hablar con él/ella en privado? -

Would you like to talk to him/her in private?

Conversación – Conversation, cont.

• ¿Qué haremos hoy? - What are we going to do today?

• Hoy vamos a… - Today we are going to...– ir al cine - go to the cinema– ir a la playa - go to the beach– programar - do some programming– ir de paseo - walk around

Más Expresiones – More Expressions

• Aún si... - Even if • ¿Qué pasaría si...? - What if• ¿Hablas en serio?/¿Estás bromeando? - Are

you serious• (Eso es) Muy interesante - That’s interesting• Guau! - Wow

Más Vocabulario - More Vocabulary

• Encendido/Apagado - On/off• Enciende la luz/Apaga la luz - Turn on/off the

light• Adelantar/Retrasar - Forward/backward• Arriba - Up/upstairs• Abajo - Down/downstairs • He perdido… - I have lost... • ¿Cómo se usa este(a)…? - How to use this...

Aritmética Básica – Basic Arithmetic

• Sumar, restar, dividir, multiplicar - Plus, minus, divide, multiply

Algunos Adjetivos de Cantidad - Some Adjectives of Quantity

• Mucho, muchos, mucha, muchas– Much for singular– Many for plural

• El tiene mucho poder - He has much power• Ella tiene muchas gatas - She has many cats

Por - For

• Expressing movement along, through, around, by or about– Anduve por las calles de la ciudad - I walked

through the streets of the city.

• Denoting a time or duration when something occurs– Viajamos por tres semanas - We're traveling for

three weeks.

Por – For, cont.

• Expressing the cause (not the purpose) of an action– Me caí por la nieve - I fell down because of the

snow.

• Meaning per– Dos por ciento - Two percent.

• Meaning supporting or in favor of– Trabajamos por derechos humanos - We work for

human rights.

Por – For, cont.

• Introducing the agent of an action after a passive verb– Fue escrito por Neruda - It was written by Neruda

• Indicating means of transportation– Viajaré por avión - I will travel by plane.

• Used in numerous expressions.– Por ejemplo - For example– Por favor – Please.

Para - For

• Meaning for the purpose of or in order to– Para bailar aquí se necesita - In order to dance

here you need

• With a noun or pronoun as object, meaning for the benefit of or directed to– Es para usted - It's for you.

• Meaning to or in the direction of when referring to a specific place– Voy para Chile - I'm heading to Chile

Para – For, cont.

• Meaning by or for when referring to a specific time– Necesito el regalo para mañana - I need the gift

for tomorrow

• Para el fin de semana vamos a la casa de mi madre– For the weekend we're going to my mother’s

Gramática - Grammar

• Grande - Big• Pequeño(a) - small• Mediano(a) - medium

Presente Continuo – Present Continuous

• Estoy hablando - I am speaking– Juan está comiendo - John is eating– María está escribiendo una carta - Mary is writing

a letter


• Estar - To be– estoy– estás– está– estamos– están


• Present participle (regular -ar verbs)1. hablar: hablando• (hablar - ar + ando)

2. trabajar: trabajando• (trabajar - ar + ando)

3. estudiar: estudiando• (estudiar - ar + ando)


• Present participle (regular -er verbs)1. comer: comiendo• (comer - er + iendo)

2. hacer: haciendo• (hacer - er + iendo)


• Present participle (regular -ir verbs)1. vivir: viviendo• (vivir - ir + iendo)

2. escribir: escribiendo• (escribir - ir + iendo)


• Present participle (irregular -ir verbs)1. servir: sirviendo2. pedir: pidiendo3. decir: diciendo4. dormir: durmiendo5. morir: muriendo6. poder: pudiendo


• Present participle (orthographic change)1. caer: cayendo2. creer: creyendo3. huir: huyendo4. ir: yendo5. influir: influyendo6. oír: oyendo7. traer: trayendo8. leer: leyendo9. seguir: siguiendo

Verbos - Verbs• Yo fuí/voy/iré... - I went/am going/will be going for…• Tú fuíste/vas/irás… - You went/were going/will be

going for...• El/Ella fué/va/irá… - He/She went/was going/will be

going for...• Nosotros fuímos/vamos/iremos… - We went/are

going/will be going for...• Ustedes/Ellos fueron/van/irán… - You/they went/are

going to/will be going for…

Verbos – Verbs, cont.

• a correr - a run• a comer un helado - to have ice cream• a hacer una llamada - to make a call • a ver una película - to watch a movie• a nadar - to swim• a cambiar dinero - to change money

Download - Spanish lesson 5

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