Transcript
Page 1: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

Southeast AsiaSoutheast AsiaFire Danger Rating System ProjectFire Danger Rating System Project

Bryan Lee, Michael Brady, Bill de Groot, Caren Dymond, Robert Field, Orbita RoswintiartiNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service

Page 2: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

OutlineOutline

• Project Goals

• Adaptation Activities

• Operation Activities

• Application Activities

• Linking ground-based FDRS with remote sensing

• Conclusions

Page 3: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

SE Asia FDRS ProjectSE Asia FDRS Project

Goals:• Enhance the application of fire

science in SE Asia

• Develop early warning systems for fire and haze events using fire danger rating technology

• Improved mechanisms to manage transboundary haze

Page 4: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

Fire DangerFire Danger

• The ability of a fire to start, spread and do damage

Fire Danger Rating SystemFire Danger Rating System• Evaluates the fire environment on regular intervals

and in an objective way• Interpretation provides information and guidelines for

fire management

Page 5: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

• Provide an early warning system for fire and smoke events

• Promote the wise use of fire

• Support fire prevention fire activities

• Assist in managing fire fighting resources

• Promote technology transfer, fire science and policy formulation

Benefits of a FDRS for Southeast AsiaBenefits of a FDRS for Southeast Asia

Page 6: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

FDRS StructureFDRS Structure

Fire Fire WeatherWeather

Fire Fire BehaviorBehavior

Fire Fire EmissionsEmissions

Guides and Systems developed by Fire

Management Research

Fire ManagementFire ManagementResourcesResources

Values at RiskValues at Risk

Fire ManagementFire ManagementDecisionsDecisions

WeatherWeather TopographyTopography FuelsFuels Emissions FactorsEmissions Factors

Page 7: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities

• Fire Climate Assessment (26 years)– Sumatra

Understanding El-Nino affects

Non El-Nino Conditions El-Nino Conditions

Page 8: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities

• FDRS Calibration – started for Indonesia and Malaysia

E.g. Climate distributions from 6-year NCDC data

Page 9: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• FDRS Calibration

Based on satellite fire detection

Page 10: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities

• FDRS Calibration

Based on visibility observations

Page 11: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Fuel Characterization

Grassland Woody Slash

Peat soil

Mineral soil

Open forest

Closed forest

Shrub-lands

Page 12: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Fuel Mapping – based on Landsat TM data from 2000

Page 13: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Field studies on peat moisture and grass biomass

• Lab studies testing ignition thresholds

Data collection complete – data being analyzed

Page 14: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Training of developers and operators

Teams trained in Jakarta, Sandakan and Kuala Lumpur

Page 15: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

• Daily FDRS map production

II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities

Operating for • SE Asia in Edmonton• Indonesia in Jakarta and Medan• Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur

Soon to be Operating in • Sandakan for Sabah

Page 16: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

• Communication of FDRS to users II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities

Web-based• SE Asia in Edmonton• Indonesia in Jakarta (www.fdrs.or.id)• Kuala Lumpur for Malaysia

2-way Radio• Within Fire Control Directorate for Indonesia

Television• Part of nightly news broadcast on a national Indonesian station

Page 17: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesE.g. SE Asia

website

Page 18: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities• Training in FDRS for users

Formal training program developed by a team from 4 countries.

Page 19: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities

Interpreting FDRS maps to aid fire managers

Prevention programs Mobilization Suppression

• Fire Management – ongoing activities

Page 20: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesE.g. Difficulty of Control

Interpretation

Low

Moderate

High

Extreme

These fires generally do not spread much beyond their point of origin.

Control of these fires is easily accomplished through direct attack around the entire fire perimeter by firefighters using hand tools and water from backpack pumps.

Hand-constructed fireguards are likely to be challenged. Water under pressure and heavy machinery are generally required for effective action at the fire's head.

Severe drought conditions and dangerous burning conditions exist. The probability for suppression success is low.

Page 21: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities• Haze modeling – ongoing activities

Fire Weather

Fuel TypeFuel Moisture

Fire Behavior Fire Size

Emission Yields

Fire Location

Atmospheric Conditions

Transport and Deposition

Air Quality

Remote sensingFDRS

Page 22: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities• Haze modeling – ongoing activities

Smoke from Borneo pollutes air in Malaysia

Smoke from Sumatra disperses into atmosphere

Page 23: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

Smoke Dispersion• Linking fire

danger rating & emissions with dispersion and transport models

• Retrospective simulation of severe episodes

III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities

Page 24: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

Improved interpretation of monsoonal wind and thermodynamic patterns over Southeast Asia.

New simulations of mesoscale wind and thermodynamic patterns during peak fire occurrences to support forecasting.

III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities• Haze modeling – expected results

Page 25: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

CLASS RANGE INTERPRETATIONLOW 0-200 Severe haze periods unlikely.MODERATE 200-300 Limited days of haze are possible depending on

conditions of lighter fuels, but extended periods unlikely.

HIGH 300-400 Increasing risk of extended haze periods. Burning should be restricted in peatlands.

EXTREME > 400 Extreme risk of extended haze periods. Full burning ban.

III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities

E.g.; Early Warning of Haze Events

Page 26: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

Month in 1997Jan

FebMar

AprMay Jun Jul

AugSep Oct

NovDec

Max

BU

I

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Ho

tspo

ts

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Max

PS

I

40

60

80

100

120

140

160BUIHotspotsPSI

Fire danger forecasting of fire activity and air quality

Page 27: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

Linking ground-based FDRS with remote sensing projects

DiscussionDiscussion

Daily Weather Data

Daily FDRS Maps

Fire Managemen

t Guidelines

Daily reportsWeekly

status and forecasts

Fire RecordsSatellite Images

TopographyHuman Activities

Fire Climate

Fire Hazard Map

Fire ManagementResources

Daily Satellite Images

Hotspot & Burned area Locations and Statistics

Page 28: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

E.g. Monitoring through daily reports

DiscussionDiscussion

Palangkaraya(approx.)

Banjarmasin

MODIS rapid responseCentral Kalimantan 19/08/2002

Page 29: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

E.g. Burned area mapping

DiscussionDiscussion

A) Ground photograph of the large burned scar

B) Burned scars (orange areas) as detected in a multitemporal ERS image

C) The hotspots detected by NOAA-AVHRR are overlaid onto the ERS image

From: F. Siegert and A.A. Hoffmann

2000 Remote Sensing of Environment Volume 72, Issue 1, April, Pages 64-77

Page 30: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

ConclusionsConclusions

• A Fire Danger Rating System exists for SE Asia• Indonesia and Malaysia have the capacity to

operate their own systems• A regional system would be beneficial to forecast

and monitor transboundary haze• Many opportunities remain to improve the

existing systems

Page 31: Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project

Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003

Thank youThank youhttp://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/seasiahttp://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/seasia

User ID: seasiaUser ID: seasiaPassword: seasiaPassword: seasia


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