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Sixty-Sixth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of theHistory of Civilization (To July 1944)Author(s): George Sarton and Frances SiegelSource: Isis, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Summer, 1944), pp. 221-278Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/330738 .

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SIXTY-SIXTH CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF THE

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND OF THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION

(TO JULY I944)

THE latest Critical Bibliography to appear was the sixty-fifth which was published in Isis, 35, 53-94, 1944, but two bibliographies, nos. 58 and 59, are thus far unavailable to the majority of our readers because of the German invasion of Belgium. The bibliography no. 58 has actually been published in Isis (vol. 31, 49I-608, April I940), but only nine copies of the issue containing it (no. 84 of Isis com- pleting vol. 31) have reached America.

This sixty-sixth bibliography contains about 830 items. They have been kindly contributed by the six following scholars:

C. A. KOFOID (Berkeley, Cal.) V. F. LENZEN (Berkeley, Cal.) M. F. A. MONTAGU (Merion, Pa.) A. POGO (Cambridge, Mass.) G. SARTON (Cambridge, Mass.) C. ZIRKLE (Philadelphia).

The sections dealing with Antiquity (sections I- 5) are especially full, as I have liquidated as much as I could of my stock of notes concerning them. I have in my drawers a large number of notes which will be published as soon as it has been possible to check them upon the originals or otherwise.

The historical classification (Part II) contains a new section, (IV), "The New World and Africa," divided into three subsections: (a) America, (b) Oceania, (c) Africa. (These subsections have not been numbered, in order not to disturb the number- ing of sections of Part III).

I entreat the authors of relevant books and papers to send me copies of them as promptly as possible in order that their studies may be registered in this bibliography and eventually reviewed and discussed. By so doing they will not simply help me and every other historian of science, but they will help them- selves in the best manner, for they will obtain for their work the most valuable publicity and its certain incorporation into the literature of the subject.

Most of the notes were selected by me. They were typed by Miss FRANCES SIEGEL, and the typ- ing and proofs read by Dr. A. POGO.

GEORGE SARTON Harvard Library, I85 Cambridge 38, Mass. August 3, I944

PART I

FUNDAMENTAL CLASSIFICATION (CENTURIAL)

VITH CENTURY B.C.

Bodde, Derk. Further remarks on the identifica- tion of LAO Tzu. A last reply to Professor DUBs. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 64, 24-27, I944.

Hughes, Ernest Richard. The great learning and the mean-in-action. Newly translated from the Chinese, with an introductory essay on the history of Chinese philosophy. xi+I76 p. Lon- don, Dent, 1942.

New translation reviewed by WING-TSIT CHAN, Jour- nal of the American Oriental Society, 63, 291-92, I943.

Maspero, Henri. La composition et la date du Tso tchouan. Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, I, I37-215, 1932.

Summarizing and discussing Chinese controversies concerning the authenticity and date of the Tso chuan. "Les opinions sur la composition et la date du Tso tchouan se repartissent en trois groupes: la theorie traditionnelle qui fait de l'auteur un contemporain de CONFUCIUS; la th6orie revolutionnaire qui fait du livre un faux de la fin des Han Anterieurs, et le considere comme compile, interpole, remanie par le savant qui l'edita a la fin du Ier siecle avant notre ere, LIEOU HINi enfin, entre ces deux extremes, une theorie moyenne qui voit dans ce livre une oeuvre anterieure aux Han, mais notablement plus recente que l'epoque de CONFUCIUS."

Waley, Arthur. Did BUDDHA die of eating pork? With a note on BUDDHA'S image. Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, I, 343-54, 1932.

Yetts, W. Perceval. The legend of CONFUCIUS. 42 p., 13 figs. (China Society Occasional Papers, new series, no. 5). London, China Society, I943.

IVTH CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half)

Cornford, Francis Macdonald ( 874- 943). PLATO and PARMENIDES: PARMENIDES' way of truth and PLATO'S Parmenides translated with introduction and running commentary. xvii+25I p. London, Kegan Paul, I939.

221



IVth B.C. ( ) to IInd (i)

Kelsen, Hans. Platonic love. The American Imago, 3, IIo p., 1942.

Morrow, Glenn R. PLATOS law of slavery in its relation to Greek law. I40 p. (Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, 25). Urbana, Uni- versity of Illinois Press, 1939.

Robinson, Richard. PLATO'S earlier dialectic. viii+239 p. Ithaca, N. Y., Cornell University Press, I941.

Skemp, Joseph Bright. The theory of motion in PLATO'S later dialogues. xv+123 p. Cam-

bridge University Press, 1942.

Stenzel, Julius (I883-I935). PLATO'S method of dialectic. Transl. and ed. by D. J. ALLAN. xliii+I70 p. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.

IIND CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half)

Wassermann, Felix M. POLYBIUS as a political educator. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 73, xxxii- xxxiv, 1942.

IST CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half)

Drabkin, I. E. POSIDONIUS and the circumference of the earth. Isis, 34, 509-12, I fig., I943.

Leonard, William Ellery; Smith, Stanley Barney. T. LUCRETII CARI De rerum natura. Libri sex. Edited with introduction and com-

mentary. x+886 p., 8 pls. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, I942.

Reviewed by CHARLES A. KOFOID, Isis, 34, 514, I943.

IST CENTURY B.C. (second half)

Hefrouville, P. d'(S.J.). Agriculture et astrono- mie dans les Georgiques. Les Etudes classiques, 7, 465-7I, I pl., I938.

Riposati, Benedetto. M. TERENTI VARRONIS De vita populi Romani. Fonti, esegesi, edizione critica dei frammenti. ix+320 p. (Pubblicazione dell' Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 23). Milan, 1939.

IST CENTURY (second half)

Barlow, Claude W. Epistolae SENECAE ad PAU- LUM et PAULI ad SENECAM. vii+ 64 p. (Pa- pers and monographs of the American Academy in Rome, Io). 1938.

Dubs, Homer H. The history of the former Han dynasty, by PAN Ku. Translation, volumes I and 2. First division, The Imperial Annals, chapters I-X. A critical translation with annota- tions. With the collaboration of P'AN LO-CHI and

JEN T'AI. xiii+339 p., map; ix+426 p. Balti-

more, Waverly Press, I938-44 ($9.00). These two volumes contain the text and translation,

with abundant notes, of chapters I-X (out of twelve) of the Imperial Annals (Ti-chi) which constitute the first division of the Ch'iez Han-shu, or history of the Earlier Han, the second of the Dynastic Histories of China (Introd. I, 264). A third volume will contain chapters XI-XII, and two additional volumes, the prolegomena, index and glossary. The full value of DuBs' work will appear only when those five volumes are published. In the meanwhile the importance and earnestness of the undertaking are clear enough, and we should be very grateful to the author and his sponsors, the ACLS and the LC. I do not know of any other effort comparable to it except EDOUARD CHAVANNES' translation of the Shih-chi of SSU-MA CH'IEN (II-2 B.C.), but CHAVAN- NES' work (5 vols., Paris I895-1905) does not include the Chinese text. CHAVANNES lived until 1918 but for some reason he never completed the task he had begun so well. We wish Dr. DUBS better luck. He has taken the pains to prepare an explanatory introduction to each chapter and has added a number of astronomical appendices wherein calendars, conjunctions, and eclipses are discussed. Other appendices deal with weights and meas- ures, the sacred field, the establishment of year-periods (a Han innovation), the study of the classics, the nature of clerkly writing (shih-shu), the victory of Han Con- fucianism, etc. A reference to coal occurs under date 25 B.C., this being probably the earliest account of a coal seam on fire. This fact is quoted among many others which will not be truly available before the publication of the index and glossary. The value of the Ch'ien Han- shu need not be underlined; this translation will make that Chinese treasure available to the Western Republic of Letters; its publication is especially opportune at this time, for it is a welcome sign of good will to the Chinese nation which shares our war burden and has displayed so much heroism in its resistance to the Japanese invaders.

G.S.

IIND CENTURY (whole and first half)

Caster, Marcel. Etudes sur ALEXANDRE ou le Faux Prophete de LUCIEN, these complementaire. lxv+-102 p., I pl. Paris, Les Belles-Lettres, I938.

Reviewed by CH. P., Revue archeologique, 13, 305- o6, 1939. Apropos of the famous impostor, ALEXANDER OF ABONOTEICHOS, in Paphlagonia, of whom LUCIAN has given an amusing account. G. S.

Knox, John. MARCION and the New Testament. An essay in the early history of the canon. ix+ I95 p. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, I942.

"May I sum up the conclusion of this book by saying that although various apostolic and pseudo-apostolic

222



lind (i) to IXth (z)

writings were known generally among the churches of the early second century and were held in high esteem in the several communities, they were not, except by the 'heretics,' at first regarded as having the value of Scrip- turei that the impulse toward a distinctively Christian canon was given largely by MARCION; that the organization of the new canon followed the general pattern of the Marcionite Scriptures with its twofold organization as 'Gospel and Apostle'; that the method of the anti- Marcionite churches was in general to accept MARCION'S

Scriptures and to enlarge them; that this method was followed in the case both of the 'Apostle' and of the 'Gospel'; that Luke-Acts, itself a 'Gospel and Apostle,' stands somewhere between the 'Gospel and Apostle' of MARCION and the 'Gospel and Apostle' of the catholic New Testament; and that the four-fold Gospel is in part to be explained by MARCION'S use of a single Gospel."

IIIRD CENTURY (whole and first half)

Eberhard, W.; Miiller, R. Contributions to the

astronomy of the San-kuo period. Monumenta Serica, 2, I49-64, 3 tables, I936-37.

"In this study we have considered a text whose contents are astronomical, and we have discussed whether it is really of the date attributed to it-the 3rd cent. A.D. The tests made use of were the data for the in- clination of the ecliptic and the position of the winter solstice. Each calculation completed and confirmed the other. According to these tests the text must have been worked over in the 4th century A.D. At the same time a dubious book, the I-ssu-chan attributed to a certain LI CH'UN-FENG, was also tested, and it was likewise shown that it must have been worked over. We have also discussed the practicability and exactness of these methods of investigation and the possibility of their application to other texts."

Olmstead, A. T. The mid-third century of the Christian era. Classical Philology, 37, 241-62, 398-420, 1942.

IVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Daube, David. Collatio 2. 6. 5. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, I I 1-29, London, 1942.

"The great mystery of the Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum can be regarded as solved: it has been convincingly shown that the work was written early in the fourth century by a Roman Jew, whose object it was to prove to his pagan compatriots that not only was Jewish Law quite compatible with Roman Law, but the principal rules of the latter were all anticipated bv MOSES. It is the purpose of this note to examine a pas- sage of the Collatio which, as it appears in the manuscripts (all medieval), is obviously corrupt."

Feifel, Eugene. Pao-p'u tzu. Nei-p'ien, chapter I-III. Translated and annotated. Monumenta Serica, 6, 113-211, I94I.

The Pao-p'o-tzu is traditionally ascribed to Ko HUNG (IV-I), for whom see my Introd. I, 355. G. S.

IVTH CENTURY (second half)

Keenan, Mary Emily. ST. GREGORY of Nyssa and the medical profession. Bulletin of the His-

tory of Medicine, 15, 150-6I, 1944.

VITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Bark, William. THEODORIC vs. BOETHIUS: vin- dication and apology. American Historical Re-

view, 49, 4I0-26, I944.

Swift, Emerson H. Hagia Sophia. xvii+265 p., 46 pls., 34 figs. New York, Columbia University Press, I940.

VIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Ch'en Yuan. The Ch'ieh yiin and its Hsien-pi authorship. Translated by YING TS'IEN-LI. Monumenta Serica, I, 245-52, 1935-36.

Apropos of the earliest extant Chinese phonetic dictionary, completed in 60o by Lu FA-YEN (Introd. I, 486). G. S.

VIIITH CENTURY (second half)

Estey, F. N. CHARLEMAGNE'S silver celestial table. Speculum, 13, 112-17, 7 figs., I943-

Johnson, Rozelle Parker. Compositiones va- riae, from Codex 490, Biblioteca Capitolare, Lucca, Italy. An introductory study. I16 p. (Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, 23, no. 3). Urbana, University of Illinois Press, I939.

Reviewed by D. B. HARDEN, Journal of Roman Studies, 29, 259-60, 1939.

Mackinney, Loren C. An unpublished treatise on medicine and magic from the age of CHARLE- MAGNE. Speculum, 18, 494-96, I pl., I943.

Apropos of the Epistula vulturis, a short text including 17 medical and magical recipes compounded from portions of vulture and other substances. See very important addition to this article by G. L. DELLA VIDA (Speculum, 19, 364, 1944). G. S.

IXTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Dunlop, D. M. MUHAMMAD B. MMUSA AL- KHWARIZMI. Journal of the Royal Asiatic So- ciety, 248-50, I943.

Lichtenstiidter, Ilse. MUHAMMAD IBN HABIB, KitGtb al-muhabbar, edited with notes and indices. 752 p. Da'irat al-ma'arif, Hyderabad 1942.

MUHAMMAD IBN HABIB died in Samarra in 860 (BROCKELMANN, I, I06 Suppl. i, I65). His Muhabbar

223



IXth (I) to XIIth ( )

was described by Dr. LICHTENSTADTER, JRAS (1939, I-275 Isis, 31, 143). G. S.

IXTH CENTURY (second half)

Gateau, Albert. IBN 'ABD AL-HAKAM, Con- quete de l'Afrique du Nord et de l'Espagne. Texte arabe et traduction fran;aise avec une introduction et des notes. 164 p. (Bibliotheque arabe- frangaise, n? 2). Alger, Editions Carbonel, I942.

Reviewed by E. G. G., Al-Andalus, 8, 494-95, 1943.

XTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Heschel, Abraham. Reason and revelation in SAADIA'S philosophy. Jewish Quarterly Review, 34, 391-408, I944.

Jarcho, Saul. Guide for physicians (Musar haro- fim) by ISAAC JUDAEUS (880?-932?). Trans- lated from the Hebrew, with introduction. Bul- letin of the History of Medicine, I5, I80-88, I944.

XTH CENTURY (second half)

Fackenheim, Emil L. The conception of sub- stance in the philosophy of the Ikhwan as-Safi' (Brethren of Purity). Mediaeval Studies, 5, 115-22, 1943.

Gabrieli, Francesco. Qualche nota sul "Kitab al-qudat bi-Qurtuba" di AL-JUSHANI. Al-Anda- lus, 8, 275-80, 1943.

Gregoire, Henri. SUIDAS et son mystere. Les Etudes classiques, 6, 346-55, I937.

Henry, Paul (S.J.). SUIDAS, Le Larousse et le Littre de l'antiquite grecque. Les Etudes classiques, 6, 155-62, 1937.

Tschan, Francis J. ST. BERNWARD of Hildes- heim. I. His life and times. vii+235 p. (Pub- lications in Medieval Studies, University of Notre Dame). South Bend, University of Notre Dame, I942.

Reviewed by BERNARD J. HOLM, American Historical Review, 49, I43, I943.

XITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Millas Vallicrosa, Jose Ma. La traduccion cas- tellana del "Tratado de agricultura" de IBN WAFID. Al-Andalus, 8, 281-332, 2 pl., I943.

Pelliot, Paul. Un temoignage eventuel sur le christianisme a Canton au XIe siecle. Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, I, 217-I9, I932.

Renaud, H. P. J. IBN AL-WAFID OU IBN WAFID

(XI-I). (Isis, vol. 33, p. 527, et G. SARTON, Introduction, I et II, partout, sauf II, 37I, voir

Index). Isis, 35, 29, I944. The correct form is IBN WAFID.

XITH CENTURY (second half)

Faris, Nabih Amin. AL-GHAZZALI'S Epistle of the birds. A translation of the Risalat al-tayr. Moslem World, 34, 46-53, 1944.

Nykl, A. R. Inscrig6es arabes existentes no Museu Arqueologico do Carmo. Travalhos da Asso- cia~o dos Arqueologos Portugueses, 5, 7-8, 2 pls., 194I.

Pereira-Mendoza, Joseph. RASHI as philologist. xii+75 p. Manchester University Press, 1940.

XIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Green, William M. Hugo of St Victor: De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum. Speculum, i8, 484-93, I pl., I943.

"Among the unpublished works of HUGO ST VICTOR is a so-called chronicle, really a schoolbook of history, written about the year II30. It consists of a prologue addressed to the student, followed by lists of persons, places, and dates for memorizing. The book is unim- portant as a source for historical data, but throws interesting light on the method of teaching history used by HUGO in his renowned school at the abbey of St Victor in Paris. It is found in more than twenty manuscripts usually with the title De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum, id est personis locis temporibus, and in the best manuscripts it fills about forty folios. The purpose of the present article is to call attention to the place of the book in HUGO's curriculum, and to give a classification of the manuscripts, a critical text of the prologue, and a short description of the tables which constitute the bulk of the work."

Hammer, Jacob. Remarks on the sources and textual history of GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH'S Historia regum Britanniae, with an Excursus on the Chronica Polonorum of WINCENTY KAD- LUBEK (Magister Vincentius). Bulletin of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America, 2, 501-64, I944-

Magister VINCENTIUS is VINCENT OF CRACOW (XIII- i).

Sigerist, Henry E. A Salernitan student's surgi- cal notebook. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 505-16, 1943.

Wolfson, Harry Austryn. The Platonic, Aris- totelian and Stoic theories of creation in HALLEVI

224



XIIth ( I) to XIIIth (2)

and MAIMONIDES. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 427-42, London, 1942.

XIITH CENTURY (second half)

Gauthier, Leon. IBN ROCHD (AVERROES). Traite decisif sur l'accord de la religion et de la

philosophie, suivi de l'Appendice. Texte arabe, traduction franqaise remaniee avec notes et introduction. xxii+50+38 p. Alger, Carbonel, I942.

Reviewed by ARTHUR JEFFERY, Moslem World, 34, I43, I944-

Guttmann, Julius. MAIMONIDES' theology [in Hebrew]. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr.

J. H. HERTZ, 53-69, London, 1942.

Muntner, Suessman. MAIMONIDES' book for AL-FADIL. ISis, 35, 3-5, I944.

Rawidowicz, Simon. On MAIMONIDES' "Sefer Ha-Madda'." Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 331-39, London, I942.

Renaud, H. P. J. Sur l'enseignement de la philosophie de MAIMONIDE. Isis, 35, 29, 1944.

Setton, Kenneth M. Athens in the later twelfth

century. Speculum, 19, 179-207, I fig., 1944.

XIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Kennedy, V. L. The handbook of Master PETER, Chancellor of Chartres. Mediaeval Studies, 5, I-38, 1943.

"This article is meant to be a preliminary survey of the career and the writings of PETER OF ROISSY, chancellor of Chartres, an early thirteenth century theologian and liturgist. Special emphasis is placed on his most important contribution to the literature of his time, his Manuale de Mysteriis Ecclesiae. This work is quite unique since it is the only known example of a mediaeval treatise that deals both with the church offices and with the seven sacraments."

Martin, H. Desmond. CHINGHIZ KHAN'S first invasion of the Chin Empire. Journal of the

Royal Asiatic Society, 182-216, I map, I943.

Russell, Josiah Cox. RICHARD OF BARDNEY'S

account of ROBERT GROSSETESTE'S early and

middle life. Medievalia et Humanistica, fasc. 2, 45-54, I944.

Swarzenski, Hanns. The Berthold missal. The Pierpont Morgan Library MS 71o and the scrip- torium of Weingarten Abbey. Small folio, 138 p., 172 figs., 65 pls. New York, Pierpont Mor-

gan Library, 1943.

Abbot BERTHOLD ruled Weingarten Abbey from i200 to 1232. SWARZENSKI'S book is an elaborate study not

only of that admirable MS but of many others; it re- produces all of its miniatures in their actual size and a great many other illustrations for the sake of comparison. G. S.

Thomson, S. H. A note on the works of Magister ADAM DE BOCFELD (Bochermefort). Medie- valia et Humanistica, fasc. 2, 55-87, 1944.

Turville-Petre, G.; Olszewska, E. S. The life of GUDMUND THE GOOD, Bishop of Holar. Translated from the original Icelandic sources. xxvii+II2 p. Coventry, Viking Society for Northern Research, I942.

Reviewed in American Historical Review, 49, 524, 1944.

XIIITH CENTURY (second half)

Carmody, F. J. Florence: project for a map, 1250-1296. Speculum, 19, 39-49, map, 1944.

Nemoy, Leon. The Arabic treatise on the im-

mortality of the soul by SA'D IBN MANSUR IBN KAMMUNA. Facsimile reproduction of the only known manuscript (Cod. Landberg 510, fol.

58-70) in the Yale University Library. With a

bibliographical note. 4+26 p. New Haven, Yale

University Library, 1944. This unpublished text was first described by IGNAZ

GOLDZIHER in the STEINSCHNEIDER Festschrift (Leipzig 1896). The Yale MS was copied from IBN KAMMUNA'S

autograph, shortly after 282. The note in my Introduc- tion (2, 875) contains two errors which must be cor- rected as follows. IBN KAMMUNA did not die in 1277- 78, he lived at least until 1284; he did not embrace Islam. This facsimile reproduction of the Yale MS is very elegantly published; it is a fine decennial tribute to the memory of GEORGE ALEXANDRE KOHUT (d. 1933), founder of the rich collection of Judaica in Yale Uni- versity. G. S.

Nunemaker, J. Horace. Obstetrical and genito- urinary remedies of thirteenth-century Spain. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 162-79, I944.

Olschki, Leonardo. MARCO POLO'S precursors. ix+ Ioo p., map, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, I943.

Reviewed by MARK GRAUBARD, Isis, 35, 37-39, I944.

[Polo, Marco]. Der Mitteldeutsche MARCO POLO. Nach der Admonter Handschrift heraus-

gegeben von ED. HORST VON TSCHARNER. lii+ 102 p., I pl. (Deutsche Texte des Mittelalters,

40). Berlin, Weidmann, 1935. Reviewed by ERNST SCHIERLITZ, Monumenta Serica,

2, 254--56, 1936-37.

225



XIIIth (2) to XIVth ( )

Thorndike, Lynn. A lesson from LECLERC. Isis, 35, 29, I.944.

Apropos of "Paravicius" (Introd., 2, 856). See THORNDIKE'S correction in Isis, 26, 33-36, 1926.

Thorndike, Lynn. ROBERTUS ANGLICUS. Isis, 34, 467-69, I943.

[Villanova, Arnold of]. The earliest printed book on wine. By ARNALD OF VILLANOVA, physician, surgeon, botanist, alchemist & philosopher [I235?-I3II ]. Now for the first time ren- dered into English and with an historical essay by HENRY E. SIGERIST. With facsimile of the original edition, 1478. 44 p. + facsimile, frontispiece. New York, Schuman's, I943 ($Io.oo).

The Catalan physician and alchemist, ARNOLD OF VILLANOVA, wrote a treatise De vinis (no. 26 in my list, Introd. 2, 895) which obtained considerable popularity. It was translated in 1358 into Hebrew, and about a century later into German by WILHELM VON HIRNKOFEN, called RENWART. The German text, first printed in Esslingen, 1478, found many readers; it is represented by no less than eleven incunabula (Klebs no. o10). HIRNKOFEN'S book "is divided into the following seven sections: i. Gathering of grapes and preservation of wine. 2. Signs indicating that wine is spoiling. 3. Res- toration of spoiled wine. 4. Drawing off wine from one keg into another. 5. Changing the color and taste of wine. 6. Medicinal wines. 7. Making of vinegar and the preservation of beer. Of these seven sections only one, the sixth, renders ARNALD'S text. The other sections, almost one half of the book, are new and have no connection with ARNALD whatsoever." We are given a splendid facsimile of the German princeps and a translation. One of the chapters, De vino eufrasiae pro oculis (ougentrost wein), refers to the use of eye glasses and there are many references to aqua ardens. The book is very beautiful indeed; it is an edition for dilettanti and collectors. There is a learned introduction by SIGERIST but that need not disturb their enjoyment. The portrait printed in frontispiece is not explained. G. S.

XIVTH CENTURY (whole and first half) Biihler, Curt F. Notes on a manuscript of the

Virtutes Agnus Dei. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 220-24, I944.

"Among the many medieval texts of medical and magical interest, certainly not the least interesting is the one dealing with the favorable properties of the Agnus Dei." ..... "It seems likely ... that the Virtutes Agnus Dei was written between c. 1250 and c. I350. Whether it was specially composed to form part of the Regimen or not appears impossible to determine." Pope URBAN V sent a copy of that text to the emperor JOHN PALAE- OLOGOS in 1366 or 1369. G. S.

Buridanus, Johannes. Quaestiones super libris

quattuor De caelo et mundo. Edited by ERNEST ADDISON MOODY. XXXV+274 p. Cambridge,

Mass., Mediaeval Academy of America, 1942 ($4.50).

Though many of BURIDAN'S treatises have been published from 1480 on, some of them repeatedly, his ques- tions on the De coelo et mundo remained unpublished. MOODY'S edition based upon two fourteenth century MSS (Munich, Bruges) is thus very welcome. His method "has been governed by the basic principle of keeping the critical apparatus from intruding on the text, and of treating the latter as a direct communication from author to reader rather than as an exhibit of the editorial processes involved in the constitution of the text." This is exactly the point of view of the historian of science vs. that of the philologist. I agree with the editor that such a text need not be translated, but his analysis of it (p. xvii-xxii) should have been somewhat extended. The most interesting question is Qu. 22 of Book II "Utrum terra semper quiescat in medio mundi," wherein BURIDAN anticipated ORESME; he reviewed the arguments for and against the diurnal rotation of the earth without reaching a definite conclusion. Of course, the subject had been discussed before BURIDAN by Muslim astronomers such as 'ALI IBN 'UMAR AL-KATIBI and QUTB AL-DIN AL-

SHIRAZZ (Introd., vol. 2, 22, 764, 868, ioi8). Says the editor "one need only compare these Quaestiones de caelo et mundo of BURIDAN, with the Expositio which THOM- AS AQUINAS composed on the same work, to become aware of this shift from ancient to modern habits of mind which occurred within the mediaeval tradition of Aristotelianism.

"The influence of BURIDAN'S Quaestiones on later generations, though profound, was indirect. His pupil, ALBERT OF SAXONY, wrote a similar set of Quaestiones which turn out, on examination, to be little more than a rewriting of BURIDAN'S work, with a few additions and alterations. All the ideas in BURIDAN'S work are taken over by ALBERT, often in almost the same language but whereas BURIDAN'S lectures were apparently not widely read, and were never printed, ALBERT'S Quaestiones had a wide circulation, and were included in the collection of physical writings published by G. LOCKERT at Paris in 1516 and 1518. In this edition they were read by GALILEO." G. S.

Holmyard, Eric John. AIDAMIR AL-JILDAKI. Iraq, 4, 47-53, I937-

Catalogue of his writings and general remarks concerning them. AL-JILDAKi "had a genuine love of experiment and a better sense of the value of experimental evidence than many of his brother chemists of Islam" . .. "but, like most of his contemporaries, he was too ready to endow objects with magical and esoteric properties in addition to their genuine attributes. His belief in the trustworthiness of the great adepts was complete; ap- parent inconsistencies in their statements merely implied that he had not properly understood them, and it is with no suspicion of irony that he lays down this remarkable canon of criticism: 'If a man speak truly in one matter, then we must trust him in all.' JILDAKI was the last of the outstanding Muslim alchemists, and it has been the purpose of this article to suggest that his writings deserve greater attention than they have hitherto received."

Olson, Lois. PIETRO DE CRESCENZI: The founder of modern agronomy. Agric. Hist., I8, 35- 40, I944.

226



XIVth (I) to XIVth (2)

In 1304, PIETRO DE CRESCENZI presented the MS of Opus ruralium commodorum to CHARLES II, King of Sicily. The MS marked not only the renaissance of agriculture in Europe but also a revival of interest in soil conservation. C. Z.

Reade, W. H. V. DANTE'S vision of history. Pro-

ceedings of the British Academy, 25, I87-215, I939-

Steinberg, S. H. The Forma scribendi of HUGO SPECHTSHART. The Library, Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, 21, 264-78, I941.

"The first medieval instruction on writing worth its name that has come down to us is the Forma scribendi by HUGO SPECHTSHART of Reutlingen in Swabia. Pre- vious attempts did not go beyond merely describing the shape of individual letters and emphasizing their alle- gorical meaning, or singling out some special features of calligraphy and turning them into mnemonic verse." Includes the text of the Forma scribendi, o05 lines.

Thorndike, Lynn. Manuscripts of the writings of PETER OF ABANO. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 20I-19, 1944.

"The present article is a revision and enlargement, so far as the manuscript material is concerned, of the bibliography of PETER OF ABANO'S writings which formed Appendix II to Chapter LXX on PETER OF ABANO in the second volume of A history of magic and experimental science, pp. 917-26. Additional manuscripts have been noted from the works of SANTE FERRARI and of LEO NORPOTH, from recent catalogues and as a result of my own further investigations in European libraries. Further details have been added in a number of cases and an attempt made to distinguish different versions more clearly. PETER'S translations of works of GALEN and the Latin translations of the astrological treatises of ABRAHAM IBN ESRA or AVENEZRA by PETER and others have been made the subjects of separate articles and so are not covered here. Apocryphal works have also been for the present omitted."

Wieruszowski, Helene. Art and the Commune in the time of DANTE. Speculum, 19, 14-23, 4 pls., 1944-

Woodforde, Christopher. English stained glass and glass-painters in the fourteenth century. Pro- ceedings of the British Academy, 25, 29-49, 8

pls., I939. "During the fourteenth century a vast amount of

stained and painted glass was produced to fill the windows of our English churches. Much of it must have been destroyed when so many of the churches were enlarged or rebuilt in the following century. Much was lost as the suppressed religious houses decayed or were treated as handy stone-quarries. More was broken, often against explicit orders for its preservation, during the reign of EDWARD VI and afterwards. What survived was for a long while to be in danger from chance out- bursts of iconoclasm. Otherwise, it was left to fall gradually into disrepair and then replaced by clear glaz-

ing. The notes made by antiquaries in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries, sadly inade- quate as they generally are by modern standards, serve to show that many windows survived these perils only to be lost through ignorance and neglect in more recent years. In spite of all this, a very considerable amount remains, mostly in a more or less fragmentary condi- tion."

XIVTH CENTURY (second half)

Menut, Albert D.; Denomy, Alexander J. Maistre NICOLE ORESME. Le livre du ciel et du monde. Text and commentary. Mediaeval Studies, 4, I59-297, 46 figs., 1942; 5, 167- 333, Toronto I943.

These two instalments complete the one published in 1941 (Isis, 34, 244). The final part includes the text plus an introduction (95 p.) setting forth the known facts concerning ORESME, his scientific writings, the mediaeval Latin translations of De coelo et mundo, ORESME'S translation and commentary, the MSS, and a very detailed study of ORESME'S dialect. There is an index of proper names and a very elaborate glossary (33 P). G. S.

Obermiller, Eugene. TSON-KHA-PA le Pandit. Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, 3, 3I9-38, I935.

"Lo-bs'an-dag-pa (Sumatikirti), g6enralement de- signe sous le nom de Tson-kha-pa, 'l'originaire du val d'oignons sauvages' (Tson-kha), est decidement le plus 6minent parmi les grands noms de la hierarchie boud- dhique du Tibet, grace a l'influence qu'a exerc6e, bien au dela de son pays natal, son activit6 de r6formateur de l'ordre lamaique. Pour des milliers de bouddhists habitant une immense region, de l'Himalaya jusqu'au Baikal au nord, et de Peking jusqu'aux steppes kalmouks du Volga et du Don a l'Occident, le Je-lama, 'le Lama souverain', ou le Bogdo-lama, 'le Lama auguste', comme l'appellent les Mongols, occupe une position tout a fait extraordinaire et constitue l'objet de la plus fervente et pieuse adoration. Il porte le titre qui avait 6et jadis donn6 a Vasubandhu, 'le second Bouddha'."

Sarton, George. Early English version of GUY DE CHAULIAC'S Surgery. Isis, 35, 30, 2 pls., I944.

Waley, Arthur. New light on Buddhism in medieval India. Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, I, 355-76, I932.

"The document here translated is the preface to a 'poetical inscription' on a stupa erected in memory of the Indian priest DHYANABHADRA at the Korean temple Kuei-yen Ssu (Juniper Rock Temple). It was composed in the summer of 1378 by a certain Li SE who, previous to the fall of the Mongols in 1368, had been Secretary to the Mongol Administration of Manchuria and Korea.

"The work is interesting for several reasons. To begin with, it shows that Buddhism survived in India Proper at the beginning of the x4th century to an extent far greater than has hitherto been suspected."

227



XIVth (2) to XVIth (I)

Young, Karl. CHAUCER'S appeal to the Platonic deity. Speculum, I1, 1-13, I944.

XVTH CENTURY (whole and first half) Barthold, Wilhelm. ULUG BEG und seine Zeit.

Bearbeitung von WALTHER HINZ. 226 p. (Ab- handl. f. d. Kunde d. Morgenlandes, 21). I935.

Reviewed by DONALD N. WILBER, Ars Islamica, 7, I 8-I9, 1940.

Gilbert, Felix. Sir JOHN FORTESCUE'S "Domi- nium regale et politicum," Medievalia et Huma- nistica, fasc. 2, 88-97, I944.

XVTH CENTURY (second half) Barthold, Wilhelm. Herat unter HUSEIN BAI-

GARA, dem Timuriden. Deutsche Bearbeitung von WALTHER HINZ. x+97 p. (Abhandl. f. d. Kunde d. Morgenlandes, 22). 1937.

Reviewed by DONALD N. WILBER, Ars Islamica, 7, 1 8- 9, 1940.

De Roover, Florence Edler. FRANCESCO SAS- SETTI and the downfall of the Medici banking house. Bulletin of the Business Historical Society, I7, 65-80, ill., I943.

Freimann, Aron. Incunables about Jews and Judaism. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 159-86, London, 1942.

Ivins, William M., Jr. The herbal of "pseudo- Apuleius." Bull. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 218-21, ill., March 1944.

Apropos of F. W. T. HUNGER'S comparison of Casi- nensis 97 with the incunabula Herbaria APULEI, Klebs 505 (Leyden I935; Isis, 27, 96-98; Introd., I, 296).

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. The philosophy of MARSILIO FICINO. Translated into English by VIRGINIA CONANT. xiv+44I p. New York, Columbia University Press, I943.

Reviewed by LYNN THORNDIKE, Isis, 35, 33-34, 1944.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. FICINO and POMPO- NAZZI on the place of man in the universe. Jour- nal of the History of Ideas, 5, 220-26, 1944.

Nachod, Hans. The inscription in FEDERIGO DA MONTEFELTRO'S studio in the Metropolitan Museum: Distichs by his librarian FEDERIGO VETERANO. Medievalia et Humanistica, fasc. 2, 98-Io5, 1944.

O'Neill, Hugh. Botanical observations on the Voynich MS. Speculum, 19, I26, 2 pls., I944.

Apropos of the "Roger Bacon" MS studied by W. R. NEWBOLD (1928; Isis, II, 141-45). According to the

author it could not have been written before I493, because it contains a drawing of the common sunflower.

G. S.

Sigerist, Henry E. A fifteenth-century treatise on wine. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 5, 189-200, 2 facs., I944.

Weisinger, Herbert. The self-awareness of the Renaissance as a criterion of the Renaissance. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 29, 561-67, I944.

[Widener, George D.]. A paper read at the presentation of a Gutenberg Bible to the Harvard College Library by Mr. GEORGE D. WIDENER on behalf of his sister, Mrs. WIDENER DIXON, and himself. 8 May I944. II p., frontispiece. (Privately printed for the Houghton Library, Cambridge, Mass., 1944).

XVITH CENTURY (whole and first half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

[Biringuccio]. The Pirotechnia of VANNOCCIO BIRINGUCCIO. Translated from the Italian with an introduction and notes by CYRIL STANLEY SMITH & MARTHA TEACH GNUDI. xxvi+476 p., illus. (Publication sponsored by the Seeley W. Mudd Memorial Fund). New York, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, I942.

Reviewed by TENNEY L. DAVIS, Isis, 34, 514-I6, I943-

[COPERNICUS]. Copernicus celebrations. Isis, 35, 30, I944.

[COPERNICUS]. Polish science and learning. A series of booklets edited by the Association of Polish University Professors and Lecturers in Great Britain. No. 3, 84 p. Oxford University Press, 1943.

Issue devoted to COPERNICUS, containing the following papers: ST. KOT. The cultural background of Co- PERNICUS; H. SPENCER JONES. COPERNICUS and the De Revolutionibus; H. DINGLE. COPERNICUS'S work, a landmark in scientific history; B. SZCZESNIAK. Notes on the development of astronomy in the Far East; H. KUCHARZYK. The first disciples of COPERNICUS in Eng- land (Early English Coperniciana); COPERNICUS as economist, statesman, and poet. Many illustrations.

[COPERNICUS]. Program, Copernican quadricentennial, under the auspices of the Copernican Quadricentennial National Committee, Carnegie Hall, New York, N. Y., Monday evening, May 24, I943. I5 p., I pl. Sponsored by The Kosciu- szko Foundation, New York.

228



VESPUCCI'S actual contribution, shows how an unsought notoriety was thrust upon him, and how he, the most honest and modest of men, was vilified for generations as a liar and braggart."

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Benjamin, John A. A discussion of the twenty- first illustration of the fifth book of De Humani Corporis Fabrica (I543). Bulletin of the His-

tory of Medicine, 14, 634-51, 6 pls., 3 figs., 1943.

Cassirer, Ernst A. The place of VESALIUS in the culture of the Renaissance. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, I6, 109-19, I943.

Codellas, Pan S. VESALIUS - VALVERDE - PA- TOUSAS: The unpublished manuscript of the first modern anatomy in the Greek language. Bulle- tin of the History of Medicine, 14, 688-702, 5 figs., 1943.

Edelstein, Ludwig. ANDREAS VESALIUS, the humanist. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 547-6 I, I943

Elyot, Sir Thomas (I490?-I546). The castel of helthe (I54I). Together with the title-page and preface of the edition of 1539. With an introduction by SAMUEL A. TANNENBAUM. xi+ I 19 p. facsimile. New York, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1937.

Ivins, W. M., Jr. A propos of the Fabrica of VESALIUS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I4, 576-93, I943.

Meyer, A. W.; Wirt, Sheldon K. The Amus- can illustrations. Bulletin of the History of Med-

icine, 14, 667-87, 7 figs., I943.

Miller, Genevieve. An exhibit on the life and works of VESALIUS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 703-I5, 5 figs., I943.

O'Malley, Charles Donald; Saunders, J. B. de C. M. VESALIUS as a clinician. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 594-608, I943.

Paoli, Humberto Julio. Un opuscolo medico di NICOLAS BATISTA MONARDES del I530. Ris-

tampato e commentato. Archeion, 25, I09-70, 10 figs., 1943.

Reprint of MONARDES' De secanda vena.

[POL, NICOLAUS]. Medical books from the library of Dr. NICOLAUS POL, born c. I470; court physician to the Emperor Maximilian I. A remarkable collection of 'Editiones principes' and other

Dingle, H. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, I473-I543. Endeavour, 2, 136-41, 5 fig., I943.

Frank, Philipp. The philosophical meaning of the Copernican revolution. Proceedings of the Amer- ican Philosophical Society, 87, 38 -86, 1944.

Rosen, Edward (translator and editor). Three Copernican treatises: The Commentariolus of COPERNICUS; the Letter against Werner; The Narratio prima of RHETICUS. Translated, with introduction and notes. xi+2I I p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1939.

Reviewed by HUGH S. RICE, Scripta mathematica, 9, 185-87, I943.

Szczesniak, Boleslaw. The penetration of the Copernican theory into feudal Japan. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 52-61, 2 pls., I944.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Grijalva, Juan de (1580-i638). The discovery of New Spain in 1518. A translation of the

original texts with an introduction and notes by HENRY R. WAGNER. 208 p. (Documents and narratives concerning the discovery and conquest of Latin America, The Cortes Society, 2). Berkeley, Cortes Society, I942.

Reviewed by WILLIAM SPENCE ROBERTSON, American Historical Review, 49, 558, I944.

Johnson, Francis R. A newe Herball of Macer and BANCKES'S Herball: Notes on ROBERT WYER and the printing of cheap handbooks of science in the sixteenth century. Bulletin of the

History of Medicine, 15, 246-60, 1944.

Kunze, Albert F. The Amazon - has it been

fully discovered? Scientific Monthly, 58, 16-23, 1944.

Brief account of sixteenth-century explorations of the Amazon, illustrated by commemorative postage stamps issued by Peru and Equador.

Martin, Lawrence. A rare Agnese atlas. Li- brary of Congress Quarterly Journal of Current

Acquisitions, vol. I, no. 2, 25-28, 1944. "The Library of Congress has recently acquired an

extremely rare sixteenth century atlas by BATTISTA AG-

NESE, a handsome colored manuscript on vellum, which may have been made as early as 1543."

Zweig, Stefan (188 I-1942). Amerigo. A com-

edy of errors in history. Translated by ANDREW ST. JAMES. 128 p., maps, facsim., portr. New

York, Viking Press, 1942 ($2.00). Very well written account of the AMERIGO imbroglio

based on all available documents. ZWEIG "evaluates

XVIth (I ) 229



XVIth (I) to XVIth (2)

early editions of medical authors, classical, Ara- bian, and medieval, from famous early presses of France and Italy in the original Gothic bindings executed for Dr. POL. 58 p., frontispiece, 4 pls., illus. London, Maggs Bros., 1929.

NICOLAS POL was a Tyrolian, who studied medicine, presumably in Vienna, and obtained his MD in 1494. At the beginning of the XVIth century marvelous cures of syphilis were obtained (or believed to have been obtained) by means of the West Indian drug, guaiacan. When those good tidings reached the emperor, MAXI- MILIAN I, he sent a mission to Spain to investigate and arrange for the importation of the "holy wood" into Germany. Cardinal MATTHEW LANG, bishop of Gurk in Carinthia, was a prominent member of that mission, and possibly Dr. POL was another. At any rate, POL published an account of it in his De cura morbi gallici per lignum guayacanum (dated at the end, Dec. I9,

1517), dedicated to his patron, Cardinal LANG. POL was a bibliophile who assembled a fine collection of books, had them beautifully bound, and signed each one very clearly "Nicolaus Pol Doctor 1494." He was physician to MAXIMILIAN I and possibly also to CHARLES QUINT, and died after I526. A part of his library (33 vols., including 29 incunabula) which was acquired in 1632 by the Collegiate Church of Innichen, Tyrol, is described in this catalogue. It is now owned by the Cleveland Medical Library, which is planning the publication of a new catalogue of it, as well as of other treasures. G. S.

Saunders, John B. de C. M. VESALIUS investigations. Isis, 34, 513, 943.

Sigerist, Henry E. ALBANUS TORINUS and the German edition of the Epitome of VESALIUS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 652-66, I943.

Sigerist, Henry E. AMBROISE PARE'S onion treatment of burns. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, I43-49, 1944-

Sigerist, Henry E. Commemorating ANDREAS VESALIUS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 541-46, I943-

Straus, William L., Jr.; Temkin, Owsei. VE-

SALIUS and the problem of variability. Bulletin

of the History of Medicine, 14, 609-33, 12 figs., I943.

[VESALIUS]. Vesalius celebrations. Isis, 35, 30- 31, I944.

Zilboorg, Gregory. Psychological sidelights on ANDREAS VESALIUS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 562-75, I943.

E. ALIA

Marin Ocete, Antonio. PEDRO MARTIR DE ANGLERIA y su "Opus epistolarum." 97 p.

(Discurso leido en la solemne apertura del curso academico de 1943 a I944, por el Rector). Granada, Roman, I943.

Reviewed by E. G. G., Al-Andalus, 8, 496, 1943.

Quintana i Mari, Antoni. Tablas cronologicas para Catalufia. Archeion, 25, 204-14, I943.

Rosenthal, Erwin I. J. SEBASTIAN MUENSTER'S

knowledge and use of Jewish exegesis. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 351-69, London, I942.

XVITH CENTURY (second half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

[DEE, JOHN]. A relic of Dr. JOHN DEE. Isis, 34, 365, I943-

Mieli, Aldo. La noria fluvial de Toledo y el arti- ficio de JUANELO TORRIANI. Archeion, 25,

239-43, I fig., I943.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Hagen, Victor W. von. FRANCISCO HERNAN- DEZ: Naturalist, 1515-1587. Scientific Monthly, 58, 383-85, I944.

A description of HERNANDEZ' travels in the New World together with an account of the fate which be- fell his notes and manuscripts. C. Z.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Marcovitch, S. An early record of vitamin-C deficiency. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I4, 395-97, 1943.

Apropos of LUIGI CORNARO, I558.

Webb, Henry J. English military surgery during the age of ELIZABETH. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 26I-75, 5 figs., 1944.

E. ALIA

Le Roy, Loys (I510-77). De la vicissitude ou variete des choses en l'univers. Selections with an introduction by BLANCHARD W. BATES.

xvii+54 p., facsimile. (Princeton Texts in Lit- erature and the History of Thought). Princeton, Princeton University Press, I944. $0.50.

LoUIS LE ROY, called REGIUS, published in 1575 a treatise De la vicissitude ou variete des choses en l'univers, reprinted in 1577, 1579, 1583. The extracts reprinted by Prof. BATES have been taken from the second edition. Says he: "To present LE ROY through only part of his historical study involved the usual arbitrary selection of passages. By taking out of their context the more significant small passages and placing them to-

230



XVIth (2) to XVIIth ( )

gether one might fashion a very impressive array; however, such a method of window-dressing has been shunned. To present a fair view of LE ROY to the reader it seemed wise to take a few long sections, in which the author's traits, good or weak, may be observed as they occur." . . . "The extracted books, presented here, are organically supported by the inclusion of LE RoY's prefatory "som- maire', which succinctly manifests an admirable synthesis of the author's years of study and observation." G. S.

Rose, J. Holland. Was the failure of the Spanish Armada due to storms? Proceedings of the Brit- ish Academy, 22, 207-44, 4 pis., I936.

Stein, Siegfried. PHILIPPUS FERDINANDUS Po- LONUS. A sixteenth-century Hebraist in England. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 397-412, London, 1942.

Turner, William (d. I568). A book of wines. Together with a modern English version of the text by the Editors and a general introduction by SANFORD V. LARKEY and an oenological note by PHILIP M. WAGNER. xxxvii+8o p.+facsimile (96 p.). New York, Scholars' Facsimiles & Re- prints, 1941 .

XVIITH CENTURY (whole and first half) A. MATHEMATICS

Cailliet, Emile. The clue to PASCAL. Foreword by JOHN A. MACKAY. I 87 p. Philadelphia, Westminster Press, I943. $2.00.

This study, almost exclusively restricted to PASCAL'S religion, is written with great fervor by a convert to Protestantism. CAILLIET, who has just discovered the Bible, insists on the importance of PASCAL'S Biblical studies, concluding "Never was a Roman Catholic nearer evangelical Protestantism, nor farther away. In this supreme antinomy is summed up for us the secret of PASCAL, and of his anguish." G. S.

B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Bernard, Henri (S.J.). L'encyclopedie astrono- mique du Pere SCHALL (Tch'oung-tcheng li- chou, 1629 et Si-yang sin-fa li-chou, I645). La reforme du calendrier chinois sous l'influence de CLAVIUS, de GALILEE et de KEPLER. Monu- menta Serica, 3, 35-77, 441-82, 1938-

[GALILEO]. GALILEO GALILEI, 1564-1642. I90 p. Moscow, Academy of Sciences, I943 (in Russian). Rbl. IO.50.

Volume published to celebrate the third centenary of GALILEO'S death. It contains the following articles: GALILEO in the history of optics, by S. I. VAVILOV; GALILEO as the founder of mechanics, by A. N. KRYLOV; GALILEO in the history of astronomy, by N. I. IDELSON. An Appendix (pp. 142-90) contains an annotated

translation of GALILEO'S Lettera a Francesco Ingoli in risposta alla Disputatio de situ et quiete terrae (I624).

Koyre, Alexandre. Spiritus et littera. Isis, 35, 31, I944.

Apropos of GALILEO.

Tschen Yiian. JOHANN ADAM SCHALL VON BELL (S.J.) und der Bonze Mu TSCHEN-WEN. Ins Deutsche iibertragen von D. W. YANG. Monumenta Serica, 5, 316-28, 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Acuina, Cristobal de. Descubrimiento del Ama- zonas. I24 p., maps. Buenos Aires, Emece, 1942.

Reviewed by ALDO MIELI, Archeion, 78-79, I943.

Espinosa, Antonio Vazquez de. Compendium and description of the West Indies, translated by CHARLES UPSON CLARK. xii+ 862 p. (Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collections, I02; Publica- tion no. 3646). Washington, Smithsonian Insti- tution, 1942.

Reviewed by WILLIAM JEROME WILSON, Isis, 34, 517-18, 1943.

Fuchs, Walter. Koreanische Quellen zur Friih- geschichte des Tabaks in der Mandjurei zwischen I630 und I640. Monumenta Serica, 5, 8 -102, 1940.

Hosten, H. (S.J.). Description of Indostan and Guzarate by MANUEL GODINHO DE EREDIA

(1611). Edited and translated. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, 533-66, 1938.

Sarton, George. The Feminine Monarchie of CHARLES BUTLER, I609. Isis, 34, 469-72, 6 figs., 1943.

Sarton, George. Query no. 104. What is lucer- rage? Isis, 34, 512-13, I fig., 1943.

Apropos of SEBASTIAO MANRIQUE (1604-69).

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

[Fabricius]. The embryological treatises of HI- ERONYMUS FABRICIUS OF AQUAPENDENTE. The formation of the egg and of the chick [De formatione ovi et pulli]: The formed fetus [De formato foetu]. A facsimile edition with an introduction, a translation, and a commentary by HOWARD B. ADELMANN. xxiii+883 p., port., 45 facsimile pls. Cornell University Press, 1942.

Reviewed by FREDERIC T. LEWIS, Anatomical Rec- ord, 88, 5 p., Feb. I944, and by M. F. ASHLEY MON- TAGU, Isis, 34, 516-17, 1943.

231



XVIItA (I) to XVIIth (2)

Gittinger, Georgianna Simmons. Chinchona and the Count CHINCHON, a translation with supplementary notes. American Journal of Phar- maceutical Education, 8, 34-41, 1944.

"The new book of Dr. CARLOS ENRIQUE PAZ SOLDAN, 'La Introduccion de la Quina en Terapeutica' (Mexico, 1941) is in effect a second edition of his 'Las Tercianas del Conde de Chinchon' (Lima, 1938). Mr. A. W. HAGGIS papers in the Bulletin of the History of Medi- cine, 194I, Nos. 3 and 4, vol. X, present a different and more rigidly 2oth century interpretation of the com- ments and omissions in the Diario de Lima written by JUAN ANTONIO SUARDO and completed by DIEGO DE MEDRANO, 1629-I639."

Trent, Josiah C. Five letters of MARCUS AURE- LIUS SEVERINUS to "The Very Honourable Eng- lish Physician, JOHN HOUGHTON." Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 306-23, 4 pis., I944.

E. ALIA

Gooch, G. P. HOBBES. Proceedings of the British

Academy, 25, 85-124, 1939.

Pagel, Walter. J. B. VAN HELMONT (1579- I644). Nature, I33, 675-76, 1944.

Pagel, Walter. The religious and philosophical aspects of VAN HELMONT'S science and medicine. ix+44 p., Supplements to the Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine, No. 2. Baltimore, Johns Hop- kins Press, 1944 ($I.OO).

The author proposes to show "(a) that purely physico- chemical or physiological or medical entities to their discoverer meant notions of a wide cosmological and general-biological range which only a religious mind could adequately conceive, and (b) that here is a classical example of the active role which religious motives, such as antagonism to 'Ratio' played in the birth of modern Science during the seventeenth century."

Rice, James V. Gabriel Naude, X600-I653. I 34 p. (Johns Hopkins Studies in Romance Lit- eratures and Languages, 35). Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1939.

Excellent study, very well documented and well written. Without being a great man, NAUDfE played an important role in seventeenth-century thought. Deeply influenced by MONTAIGNE and CHARRON and by the Italian Aristotelians, he was orthodox but skeptic and rationalist, an enemy of superstitions, but his lack of scientific training prevented him from fighting them in the best manner. His Apologie pour les grands person- nages qui ont este faussement soupfonnez de magie (Paris i625) is a notable book. He was the creator of the original Mazarine library. G. S.

Spinka, Matthew. JOHN AMOS COMENIUS, that

incomparable Moravian. 177 p. Chicago, Uni-

versity of Chicago Press, 1943. Reviewed by DOROTHY STIMSON, Isis, 35, 35, 1944.

Suter, Rufus. Science without experiment: a study of DESCARTES (1596-I650). Scientific Monthly, 58, 265-68, 1944.

XVIITH CENTURY (second half)

A. MATHEMATICS

Allen, Frank. NEWTON on heat as a mode of motion. Science, 99, 299, I944.

Bunge, Mario. Un matemaitico espanfol de la decadencia. Archeion, 25, 289-90, 1943.

Apropos of JUAN BAUTISTA CORACHAN (i661-I741).

[Newton]. ISAAC NEWTON. Seleccion. Orde- nada y traducida por E. GARCIA DE ZUNIGA y J. Novo CERRO. 153 p. (Colecci6n Austral, serie marron). Buenos Aires, Espasa Calpe Ar- gentina, I943.

Reviewed by MARIO BUNGE, Archeion, 25, 253-55, I943.

[NEWTON]. ISAAC NEWTON, I643-I 727. The third centenary of his birthday. Symposium edited by S. I. WAWILOW. 439 p. Moscow, Academy of Sciences, I943 (in Russian). Rbl. 25.

This volume, beautifully published and well indexed, contains the following articles: A. N. KRYLOV, Sir ISAAC NEWTON and his role in science; S. 1. VAVILOV, Ether, light and matter in NEWTON'S physics; N. N. LUZIN, NEWTON'S theory of limits; S. Y. LURIA, NEWTON'S forerunners in the philosophy of the infinitesimals; N. G. CHEBOTAREV, NEWTON'S polygon and its role in the present development of mathematics; G. G. SLIUSSAREV, NEWTON'S works on geometrical optics; I. A. KHVOS- TIKOV, NEWTON and the development of the theory of refraction of light in the atmosphere; N. I. IDELSON, The law of universal gravitation and the theory of the motion of the moon; L. N. SRETENSKI, NEWTON'S theory of tides and of the figure of the earth; A. D. Du- BIAGO, The comets and their significance in the general system of NEWTON'S "Principia"; M. V. KIRPICHEV, NEWTON and the theory of similarity; S. Y. LURIA, NEWTON as an historian of antiquity; T. P. KRAVETS, NEWTON and the study of his works in Russia; T. I. RAINOV, NEWTON and natural history in Russia; A. M. DEBORIN, NEWTON and the history of culture; A. D. LIUBLINSKAYA, NEWTON'S influence on French science (on the controversy between Newtonians and Carte- sians); E. CH. SKRJINSKAYA, Cambridge University and NEWTON; P. M. DULSKI, Portraits of Sir ISAAC NEWTON.

Teich, N. Influence of NEWTON'S work on scientific thought. Nature, 153, 42-45, 1944.


Bernard, Henri (S.J.). FERDINAND VERBIEST, continuateur de l'oeuvre scientifique d'ADAM SCHALL. Quelques complements a l'edition recente de sa correspondance. Monumenta Serica, 5, 103-40, I940.

232



XVIlth (2) to XVIIIth (2)

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Montagu, M. F. Ashley. EDWARD TYSON, M.D., F.R.S. I650-1708 and the rise of human and comparative anatomy in England. A study in the history of science. With a foreword by GEORGE SARTON. xxix+488 p. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, Memoirs, vol. XX, 1943-

Reviewed by ADOLPH H. SCHULTZ, Isis, 34, 526-27, 1943-

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Sampson, Harriet. Dr. FABER and his celebrated cordial. Isis, 34, 472-96, 1943.

E. ALIA

Chabrie, Robert. MICHEL BOYM, Jesuite polo- nais et la fin des Ming en Chine (I646-i662). A-Q+ii+283 p. (Contribution a l'histoire des Missions d'Extreme-Orient). Paris, Bossuet, '933.

Reviewed by HENRI BERNARD, Monumenta Serica, x, 2I5, I935-36.

Ch'en Yuan. Wu YU-SHAN. In commemora- tion of the 250th anniversary of his ordination to the priesthood in the Society of Jesus. Adapted to English by EUGENE FEIFEL. Monumenta Serica, 3, 130-70, I pl., 2 figs., I938.

Apropos of the painter, Wu YC-SHAN (I632-I718), converted to Catholicism c. 1676, admitted into the So- ciety of Jesus in i682 and named SIMON XAVIER A CUNHA. G. S.

Hovey, R. Bennett. MILTON'S attitude toward science. Isis, 35, 32, I944.

Rosen, George. Left-wing Puritanism and science. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 375-80, 1944.

"It is clear that science occupied an important place in the system elaborated by GERRARD WINSTANLEY, the spokesman of the Diggers. He demanded the encourage- ment of science, the widest possible diffusion of scientific knowledge, and the practical application of such knowledge for the improvement of education and daily living."

XVIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half) A. MATHEMATICS

Bradley, A. Day. The Artium Principia of 1733. Scripta Mathematica, 9, 101-04, I facs., I943.

The author was HENRY BOAD, writing master in Col- chester.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Panini, Francesco. Intorno ad un erbario di GIOVAN BATTISTA CASAPINI esistente in Mo- dena. Archeion, 25, 197-203, I943.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Dawson, Percy M. An historical sketch of the VALSALVA experiment. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 295-320, 1943.

Jarcho, Saul. GIUSEPPE ZAMBECCARI: "Sum- mary of the life of MARIA CATERINA BRONDI": with the marginalia of an unidentified contemporary. Translated from the Italian manuscript, with introduction. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 400-I9, 1944.

Konjias, Helen T. Medical portraits of the eighteenth century. Ciba Symposia, 6, I 7 66-7 I, illus., 1944.

Neuburger, Max. British medicine and the Got- tingen Medical School in the eighteenth century. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 449-66, 1943.

XVIIITH CENTURY (second half) A. MATHEMATICS

Green, H. Gwynedd; Winter, H. J. J. JOHN LANDEN, F.R.S. (1719-1790) -mathematician. Isis, 35, 6-io, 1944.


Dickinson, H. W.; Vowles, H. P. JAMES WATT and the Industrial Revolution. 59 p., illus. Lon- don, Longmans Green, 1943.

"The perfection of the steam engine by JAMES WATT profoundly influenced the trend of the Industrial Revo- lution. The Revolution itself, however, was the direct outcome of social and economic forces which had been gathering strength over a long period. Thus to understand WATT and his work it is necessary to see them in historical perspective. The outline of WATT'S career given in this volume is therefore presented not only against the background of the Industrial Revolution, but also in relation to relevant aspects of earlier economic, scientific and technological developments which ulti- mately led to a transformation in the character of British life and thought." This is one of the excellent booklets of the series "Science in Britain" published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese for the British Council.

Fredga, Arne. CARL WILHELM SCHEELE.

Minnesteckning. 23 p. (Levnadsteckningar over K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens ledamoter, I I 9). Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell, 1943.

233



Biographical memoir read at the Swedish Academy of Science on Dec. I , I942 to celebrate the second centenary of SCHEELE'S birth.

Mieli, Aldo. Una lettera di A. L. LAVOISIER a

J. BLACK. Archeion, 25, 237-38, I943. Dated Nov. I3, 1790.

Nolan, J, Bennett. BEN FRANKLIN'S mortgage on the DANIEL BOONE Farm. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 87, 394-97, I944.

Remington, Preston. A monument honoring the invention of the balloon. Bull. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 241-48, 5 figs., April I944.

Robertson, Edward. IBRAHIM AL-'AYYAH. A Samaritan scholar of the eighteenth century. Es-

says in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 341-50, London, I942.

This IBRAHIM calculated an eclipse of the moon for 1756; he discussed dreams and wrote Arabic verses descriptive of earthquakes, especially the great earthquake of October 1759. G. S.

Robinson, Victor. Discovery of the balloon. Ciba Symposia, 5, I618-23, illus., 1943.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Fussell, G. E. "A real farmer" of eighteenth century England and his book. Agricultural History, 17, 211-15, I940.

A short biographical sketch of the anonymous author of The Modern Farmers Guide, etc., Glasgow 1768.

C.Z.

Haenke, Thaddaus. Viaje por el Virreinato del Rio de la Plata. Con notas biograficas de TADEO HAENKE por GUSTAVO ADOLFO OTERO. 106 p., 5 pls. Buenos Aires, Emece S. A. Editores, 1943.

Reviewed by ROSA D. DE BABINI, Archeion, 25, 267- 70, 1943.

Johnstone, Paul H. The rural Socrates. Jour- nal of the History of Ideas, 5, 151-75, 1944.

Apropos of HANS CASPAR HIRZEL: Die Wirthschaft eines philosophischen Bauers (Zurich 1761). G. S.

Mearns, David C. "Another England in the Great South Sea." Captain COOK'S autograph journal of the voyage in the "Endeavour" 1768- 1771. Library of Congress Quarterly Journal of Current Acquisitions, I, no. 3, 24-29, I944.

Apropos of a complete photographic reproduction of the original given to Mrs. F. D. ROOSEVELT in Canberra, 1943, and deposited in the Library of Congress. G. S.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Bayon, H. P. NAPOLEON'S Egyptian expedition. Brilliant military victories - and ultimate dis- aster through disease. West London Medical

Journal, v. 48, 13 p., 1943.

Beekman, Fenwick. WILLIAM HUNTER'S education at Glasgow, 1731-1736. Bulletin of the

History of Medicine, I5, 284-97, I944.

Garzon, Walter Piaggio. Rasgos biograficos y curriculum vitae de CORVISART. Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, vol. 3, no. I, 62-

72, I944.

Mayerson, H. S. SAMUEL JOHNSON and the common cold. Bulletin of the History of Medi-

cine, I5, 276-83, I944.

Trent, Josiah C. An early New Jersey medical license. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I5, 5o8-i , I facsimile, I944.

Weinberger, B. W. JOHN GREENWOOD - pioneer American dental scientist. Dental items of interest, i6 p. 5 figs., Nov., I943.

E. ALIA

Arberry, A. J. Persian Jones. Asiatic Review, 40, I86-96, I944.

To celebrate the i5oth anniversary of the death of the great Orientalist, Sir WILLIAM JONES (1746-94).

G. S.

Baldensperger, Fernand. I793-I794: Cli- macteric times for "romantic" tendencies in Eng- lish ideology. Journal of the History of Ideas, 5, 3-20, 1944.

Farmer, Paul. France reviews its revolutionary origins. vi+I45 p. New York, Columbia Uni- versity Press, 1944 ($2.25).

In this interpretive essay on the social politics and historical opinion in the Third Republic, the author deals primarily with the chief formal historical accounts of the Revolution published in France during the Third Republic. The author brings out the fact very well that historical interpretation is very much the child of preju- dice as well as of its time. M. F. A. M.

[Fogg Museum of Art]. Exhibition. WASHING- TON. LAFAYETTE. FRANKLIN. Portraits. Books.

Manuscripts. Prints. Memorabilia. For the most

part from the collections of the University. 53 p., 3 ports. [Cambridge, Mass.], Fogg Museum of Art, Harvard University, I944.

XVIIIth (2) 234



XVIIIth (2) t

[GIBBON, EDWARD, 1737-1794]. The library of EDWARD GIBBON. A catalogue of his books. With an introduction by GEOFFREY KEYNES 288 p. London, Jonathan Cape, 1940.

Reviewed by J. E. N., The Library, Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, 21, 218-23, 1941.

Kallen, Horace M. JEFFERSON'S garden wall. The American Bookman, 1, 78-82, 1944.

[MAZZEI, FILIPPO]. Memoirs of the life and pere- grinations of the Florentine, PHILIP MAZZEI, 1730-1816. Translated by HOWARD R. MA- RRARO. xvi+447 p. New York, Columbia Uni- versity Press, 1942.

Reviewed by BERNARD MAYO, American Historical Review, 49, 3oI-2, I1944.

Roper, Ralph C. THOMAS PAINE: scientist-

religionist. Scientific Monthly, 58, IOI-I II,

1944. Brief account of THOMAS PAINE'S interest in astron-

omy and in theistic philosophy. Two portraits.

Victor, Karl. GOETHE'S Gedicht auf SCHILLER'S Schadel. PMLA, 59, 142-83, I944.

Weslager, C. A. WYNICACO - a Choptank In- dian chief. Proceedings of the American Philo- sophical Society, 87, 398-402, I944.

"At least one United States president - THOMAS JEF- FERSON -was not indifferent to the opportunities of ethnology of his time and locality. Not only did he carry out one of the first archaeological excavations on record in the nation, at Monticello, Virginia, but, at his instigation, collections of linguistic data and some accounts of customs were made among contemporary Indians."

XIXTH CENTURY (whole and first half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Browne, C. A. ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT in some of his relations to chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 21, 2 I -I6, illus., 1944.

Geiser, S. W. WILLIAM DOUGLAS WALLACH, pioneer hydrographer of Texas. Field & Labora- tory, 12, 27-31, portr., 1944.

WALLACH was born in Washington, D. C., in I8I2, and died in the same city in I87I. From 1838 to 1845, he was a surveyor and newspaper editor in Texas. G. S.

McKie, Douglas. W6HLER'S 'synthetic' urea and the rejection of vitalism: a chemical legend. Nature, 153, 6o8-Io, 1944.

MITCHEL, ORMSBY MACKNIGHT (1809-1862).

Obituary by EVERETT I. YOWELL. Science, 98, 553-54, 1943-

to XIXth (i) 235

[MORSE, SAMUEL F. B., 179I-1872] SAMUEL F. B. MORSE, American painter. A study occa- sioned by an exhibition of his paintings, February I6 through March 27, 1932. By HARRY B. WEHLE. 49 p., 59 figs. New York, Metropoli- tan Museum of Art, I932.

The inventor of the telegraph was a distinguished painter, the memory of whom this exhibition revived.

G. S.

Navin, William E. Vermont in 1843 - and the Rutland R.R. A centenary address. 48 p., figs., Newcomen Society, American Branch, I943.

Richeson, A. W. Notes on some physical terms in the NED.: corrigenda. Modern Language Notes, 419-20, June, 1944.

Sarton, George. Preface to volume XXXV. FARADAY drinks a glass of water. Isis, 35, 3, I944.

Walters, Raymond. The centenary of the Cin- cinnati Observatory. Science, 98, 551-53, 1943.

Winter, H. J. J. The significance of the Bakerian Lecture of I843. An account of several new instruments and processes for determining the constants of a voltaic circuit. By Sir CHARLES WHEATSTONE, Professor of Experimental Phi- losophy in King's College, London (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. I33, 303-327, I843). Philosophical Magazine, 34, 700-I I, I943.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Betts, Edwin M. The correspondence between CONSTANTINE SAMUEL RAFINESQUE and THOM- AS JEFFERSON. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 87, 368-80, 1944.

Cammann, Schuyler. New light on Huc and GABET. Their expulsion from Lhasa in 1846. The Far Eastern Quarterly, I, 348-63, 1942.

Gatenby, J. Bronte. Centenary of zoological teaching in Trinity College, Dublin. Nature, 153, 723, 1944.

Geiser, Samuel Wood. FRANCIS MOORE, JR. (1808-64), early State Geologist of Texas. Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 47, 419-25, 1944.

Geiser, Samuel Wood. Geographers of early Texas: a bibliographic note. Texas Geographic Magazine, 7, 37-38, 1943.

"For the period 18zo to x88o, Texas can claim nearly fifty geologists, topographers, cartographers, and geog-



236 XIXth (I)

raphers. Among the most notable of these may be named (in order of their coming to the Republic and State) the following: (1) WILLIAM BOLLAERT; (2) THOMAS FALCONER; (3) Dr. ERNST KAPP; (4) Admiral Sir EDWARD BELCHERi and (5) Dr. JULIUS FROEBEL. Some would also include in this list of major students of geography, WILLIAM KENNEDY (1799-1877), a widely educated, acute-minded Britisher who was consul in Texas in 1839 and 1841-47. His Texas (2 v., 894 p., London, 1841) and his shorter volume on the geography and natural history of Texas (New York, I844) are classics, and of great scientific value. Each of the above geographers deserves a special biographical article, with portrait; but until such do appear, the following notes may be in order."

Hagen, Victor W. von. "Who opened the green world." The lives of H.B.K. of the botanical

descriptions stir with devotion to their historic cause. Frontiers, 7, 73-76, ills., Philadelphia, I943.

The initials H.B.K. often following the names of plants as in Ficus mexicana H.B.K., stand for HUM- BOLDT, BONPLAND, and KUNTH, for whom see Isis, 34, 385-99; the three names can be seen together on fig. 4 of that article. G. S.

North, F. J. Geology's debt to HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE. Endeavour, vol. 3, no. 9, 15-19, 4 figs., 1944.

"Britain was the first country in the world to make an official geological survey of its land, and is still the best and most fully documented in this respect. Most of the credit for the original work is due to Sir HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE, who for some obscure reason has never found a biographer. Dr. NORTH, who has had access to many of DE LA BECHE'S unpublished letters and diaries, here describes the circumstances in which the Geological Survey was initiated, developed, and grew into a permanent national institution."

Rafinesque, C. S. A life of travels. Being a verbatim and literatim reprint of the original and only edition (Philadelphia, 1836). Foreword by ELMER D. MERRILL. Critical index by FRANCIS W. PENNELL. Chronica Botanica, 8, no. 2, 291-360, pls., figs., I944.

"A complete and verbatim reprint of the extremely rare autobiography (x836) of this famous and eccentric naturalist. FITZPATRICK (1911) lists only 17 known copies in the libraries of the world. RAFINESQUE was born near Constantinople in 1783 and died in Philadel- phia, Pa., in I840. He is the author of more than 900 papers, chiefly appertaining to North America, covering such varied subjects as botany, zoology, medicine, history, archaeology, philology, banking, education, poetry, etc. Foreword by E. D. MERRILL, the author of many critical papers on RAFINESQUE. With three portraits and an index of personal names."

The index was very difficult to compile, as RAFI- NESQUE used only the family name of the many people he quoted. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, who compiled it, was able to identify almost every person named. I wonder

whether the VANDERMALEN quoted on p. 332 is not PHILIPPE VANDER MAELAN (1795-1869) of Brussels, who was primarily a geographer but was interested in every branch of science and had correspondents all over the world. A lake of the upper Mississippi valley and an orchid have been named after him (Biogr. nat. Bel- gique, 13, 49-63, 1894). G. S.

Wells, John W. Early hydrographic work on an American lake. Science, 98, 562, 1943.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Blumer, George. Some reflections upon the life and accomplishments of WILLIAM HEBERDEN THE YOUNGER. Bulletin of the History of Medi- cine, 15, 381-99, I pl., 5 figs., 1944.

Chaminaud, Alejandro. FRANCIS JAVIER Mu- NIZ (1795-I 871). Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, vol. 3, no. 2, 29-33, 1944.

Deutsch, Albert. The first U. S. census of the insane (1840) and its use as pro-slavery propa- ganda. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 469-82, 1944.

Forster, Francis M. BENJAMIN BELL on trau- matic extracerebral hematomas. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 298-305, 1944.

Konjias, Helen T. Medical portraits of the nineteenth century. Ciba Sympsia, 6, 17 7 2-7 7, 1780, illus., 1944.

Maluf, N. S. Rustum. How a physiologist an-

ticipated a physical chemist. Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine, I4, 352-65, 2 figs., 1943.

Apropos of C. F. W. LUDWIG (1844) anticipating THOMAS GRAHAM (18 6 ).

McCready, Benjamin W. (1813-1892). On the influence of trades, professions, and occupa- tions in the United States, in the production of disease. (Reprinted from Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of New York, 3, 91- 150, Albany, I837). With an introductory essay by GENEVIEVE MILLER. I29 p., frontispiece. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1943 ($1.75)-

Says Miss MILLER in her essay: "We find in MCCREA- DY'S essay a remarkably mature and realistic approach to the problem of occupational diseases as they occurred in early nineteenth century America. He saw clearly that in many cases they arose not only from the im- mediate dangers connected with the work, but from basic habits or environmental conditions. His proposed remedies are all forecasts of the future when housing codes were established, when factories were obliged to provide safety devices and proper ventilation, when shorter working hours and adequate amusements and sports re- duced intemperance, and when convenient sanitary facili-



Fisch, M. H. The COLERIDGES, Dr. PRATI, and VIco. Modern Philology, 41, 111-22, 1943.

Kierkegaard, Soren. Either/Or. Vol. I, translated by DAVID F. SWENSON and LILLIAN MAR- VIN SWENSON. xix+387 p. Vol. II, translated

by WALTER LOWRIE. xvi+304 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1944 ($7.50).

The English-speaking world is in process of discover- ing KIERKEGAARD. Those who propose reading him are strongly advised not to begin with Either/Or. The book was published in I843; for that time it was doubtless a brilliant work, but today it makes very dull reading, and can be of interest to the student of KIERKEGAARD alone. Dr. LOWRIE, in his delightful preface to the second volume, makes it quite clear that having been ac- customed to weighing KIERKEGAARD'S golden thoughts by troy measure, he finds that avoirdupois scales will do well enough for Either/Or.

This large and various work was written under difficult circumstances in the course of eleven months. "Would to God it had been impossible" - as Dr. JOHN- SON remarked when he heard a soprano praised for reaching the most difficult notes. These are Dr. LOWRIE'S words. I don't think that anyone can ever justly term him an undiscriminating eulogist of KIERKEGAARD after that.

Either/Or is obviously the work of a genius, but of a genius in his immaturity. The variety of forms in which the work is written- essays, letters, journals, aphorisms, lectures, - all suggest a mind engaged in experimenting with a medium. The first part of the work - "Either" - approaches a discussion of the aesthetic problem, in the second part - "Or" - the ethical problem is discussed. I found both parts completely sterile so far as my own thought is concerned. It is of interest to note that in his own day no one had arrived at any better understanding of the book than I have, and no one, adds Dr. LOWRIE, could adequately review it. J. L. HEIBERG, the arbiter elegantiarum of his day, wrote a long review of it in which, among other things, he said: "One stum- bles upon many piquant reflections, some of them perhaps are even profound, one doesn't know for certain, for when one believes one has seen a point one is again dis- oriented." That is exactly what I wanted to write my- self. There's a good deal of apparently brilliant play with the rapier, very elegant foot and wrist work, and lightning-like thrusts, every moment one expects to cry "touche," but somehow one doesn't, and then one begins to doze.

What is probably the best review that has ever been written of the book is W. H. AUDEN'S "A preface to KIERKEGAARD" which appeared in The New Republic, 15 May, 1944. All I can do here is to recommend the reader to that review. M. F. A. M.

Stein, Sir Aurel. Notes on the life and labours of Captain ANTHONY TROYER. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 6, 45-59, I940.

Born in Bohemia 1775, in British service in India, died at Royaumont i865. Sanskrit scholar. G. S.

ties encouraged personal cleanliness." . . . "MCCREADY'S role in the history of occupational diseases in this country is a prophetic one, and our interest in him today is not for any influence which he had upon the subsequent treatment of the problem, but for the picture which he painted of the working conditions, health, and longevity of the Americans of his day."

Mullett, Charles F. Doctor JOHN J. LOWRY: a frontier physician. Missouri Historical Review, 38, 127-37, 1944.

Apropos of Dr. JOHN JEFFERSON LOWRY, born 1780, W. Philadelphia, died 1863.

Olmsted, J. M. D. The aftermath of CHARLES BELL'S famous "Idea." Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 34I-5 , facs., 1943-

Pleadwell, F. L. WILLIAM BEAUMONT and the

Navy. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 107, I944.

Reddy, D. V. S. A century old classic on rheu- matism in India. An uncatalogued prize essay of J. G. MALCOLMSON. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 9I-106, 1944.

Rosen, George. The medical aspects of the controversy over factory conditions in New England, 1840-I85o. Bulletin of the History of Medi-

cine, I5, 483-97, I944.

Saussure, Raymond de. Centennial of the An- nales Medico-psychologiques. Bulletin of the

History of Medicine, 14, 517-20, I943.

Sigerist, Henry E. The cost of illness to the city of New Orleans in 1850. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 498-507, 1944.

Taliaferro, William H. (editor). Medicine and the War. A series of ten lectures, sponsored by the Charles R. Walgreen Foundation for the Study of American Institutions. I9I p., illus. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1944.

Reviewed by JEAN C. SABINE, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 546-48, I944.

Viets, Henry R. A mind prepared: OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES and "The contagiousness of

puerperal fever," I843. Bulletin of the Medical

Library Association, 31, 319-25, illus., I943.

E. ALIA

Dickins, Bruce. JOHN MITCHELL KEMBLE and old English scholarship (with a bibliography of his writings). Proceedings of the British Acad-

emy, 25, 51-84, I939.

XIXth (I) 237



XIXth (r) to XIXth (2)

Venturi, Lionello. Doctrines d'art au debut du XIXe siecle. Renaissance, I, 559-72, New York, I943.

Wigglesworth, V. B. WORDSWORTH and science. Nature, 153, 367-68, 1944.

XIXTH CENTURY (second half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

ABBE, CLEVELAND (1838-I916). Obituary by EVERETT I. YOWELL. Science, 98, 554-55, I943.

Higgins, Thomas James. Evolution of the 3- phase 6o-cycle A.C. system. Illinois Tech En-

gineer and Alumnus, 9, 10-1 5, 42 figs., 1944.

MacLaren, Malcolm. The rise of the electrical

industry during the nineteenth century. xi+225 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1943.

Reviewed by DUGALD C. JACKSON, American Histori- cal Reviecw, 49, 332-34, 1944.

Rayleigh, Lord. Optical topics in part connected with CHARLES PARSONS. Nature, 152, 676-82, illus., 1943-

Schrodinger, Erwin. The statistical law in nature. Nature, I53, 704-05, I944.

Apropos of LUDWIG BOLTZMANN, 1844-1906.

Travers, M. W. J. B. HANNAY and the artificial production of diamonds. Nature, I52, 726, I943.

Woodbury, David 0. Beloved scientist: ELIHU

THOMSON, a guiding spirit of the electrical age. With a foreword by OWEN D. YOUNG. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., I944.

In contemporary discussions of American civilization emphasis is frequently placed upon the role of private enterprise as a principal factor in the national development. This element in the American way is well exem- plified by the career of Elihu Thomson, the subject of the biography under review. Thomson was a pioneer of the electrical era; he was inventor, promoter and en- gineer. Among his contributions were the three-coil dynamo, electric welding, the cream separator, alternat- ing current distribution, the electric meter, the repulsion motor, the oil-immersed and other types of transformer, the negative blowout, basic inventions in trolley-car and train control, lightning arresters, and fundamental im- provements in X-ray tubes and high-frequency radio- apparatus. Of his six hundred and ninety-two patents, in number exceeded only by Edison, the first was issued in 1876 and the last was granted in I935. His work thus spanned the coming of age of the electrical industry.

Elihu Thomson was born in 1853 in Manchester, Eng- land. When he was five, his family emigrated to America and settled in Philadelphia, the city of Benjamin Frank- lin. Young Thomson early demonstrated an interest in

electrical phenomena; at the age of twelve he built a static electric machine out of a wine bottle. He entered the Central High School at the age of thirteen. The Franklin Institute and the American Philosophical So- ciety provided models for a technical society "The Sci- entific Microcosm" which Thomson helped to organize in his senior year. After graduation in 1870 he worked in telegraphy for a while and then returned to the High School as Adjunct to the Department of Chemistry, ris- ing to the rank of professor. Despite arduous teaching duties he carried on experiments and the invention of electrical apparatus. In 1880 he moved to New Britain, Connecticut, as a founder of the American Electric Com- pany. From then on the story is one of intense competi- tion with others in invention, commercial development and legal struggle for patent rights. Thomson moved to Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1883 when a syndicate of enterprising business men of that city purchased the New Britain Company and formed the Thomson-Houston Electric Company. In i892, under the financial leader- ship of J. P. Morgan, the Thomson-Houston Company was consolidated with the Edison General Electric Com- pany and thereby was created the General Electric Com- pany with Thomson as the principal technical expert.

Throughout the book one obtains glimpses of the re- sourceful inventors and entrepreneurs of the formative period of the electrical industry: Edison, Brush, Westing- house, Steinmetz, Tesla, Pupin and Marconi, as well as Elihu Thomson. Lord Kelvin and other Europeans appear at international electro-technical congresses. The author pays tribute to the wise business guidance of Charles A. Coffin.

The book is an interesting, non-technical, undocu- mented account of some aspects of the development of electrical engineering in the United States. It should also furnish ammunition for those who find the principal stimulation of science in the economic and social needs of society. V. F. L.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Dorsey, M. J. Appearance of MENDEL'S paper in American libraries. Science, 99, 199-200, 1944.

The second edition of the Union List of Serials (1943) lists 21 American libraries which have volume 4 of the Naturforschender Verein, Briinn, Austria, the volume which contained MENDEL'S classic, Versuch fiber Pflanzen Hybriden. The author wrote to the librarians asking them the date at which this volume was acquired. The replies of ten showed that their libraries had this volume before Igoo, the year MENDEL'S paper was "discovered." The list of these libraries with the year of acquisition follows:

Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc., Boston Boston Society of Natural History U. S. Army Med. Library, Washington Harvard University Library Yale University Library Library of Congress and Smiths. Inst. U. S. Dept. of Agric. Library New York Public Library Columbia University Library

1867 1867 1867 1871 1878 i882 1883 1896 1897 I898

C.Z.

238



evolution in cultural anthropology. The facts of MOR- GAN'S life tell a different story. As a youth he accepted the Bible as DARWIN did. As he grew up he outgrew Christian theology as DARWIN did." . . . "Far from opposing the progressive current of scientific thought of his day, MORGAN contributed much to its advancement. MORGAN'S greatness, like DARWIN'S, lies in his estab- lishing the theory of evolution in cultural anthropology as DARWIN established it in biology."

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Armas, Julio de. El Dr. RAFAEL HERRERA VEGAS: su labor medico-social. Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, vol. 3, no. I, 5-37, I944.

Bert, Paul. Barometric pressure. xxxii+I055 p. Columbus, Ohio, College Book Co., 1943.

Reviewed by M. F. A. MONTAGU, Isis, 35, 35-36, I944.

Izquierdo, J. Joaquin. CLAUDIO BERNARD.

Su obra y el aprecio en que ha sido tenida en Mexico. 31 p., frontispiece (Universidad de Mexico, Departamento de Fisiologia de la Facul- tad de Medicina). Mexico, D.F., Editorial Cul- tura, I943.

Petrie, G. F. ROBERT KOCH, founder of modern

bacteriology. Nature, I52, 683-84, I943.

Riese, W. CLAUDE BERNARD in the light of modern science. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 281-94, I943-

White, William. WALT WHITMAN on OSLER: "He is a great man." Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 79-90, I944.

E. ALIA

Evans, Joan. Time and chance. The story of ARTHUR EVANS and his forebears. xi+410 p., 16 illus. London, Longmans, Green, 1943 (21 sh.).

Story of a great Welsh-English family focussed upon its most illustrious member, Sir ARTHUR EVANS (I85I- 1941), the explorer of Cnossos. Five generations of that family were represented in the RS. The Evans saga is accurately and beautifully told by one of the youngest members of that family, a half-sister of Sir ARTHUR'S, born 42 years after him, herself a distinguished scholar. Miss EVANS found the title of her book in Ecclesiastes (IX, I ) which one of her ancestors had translated into Welsh in 1760. G. S.

Knickerbocker, Frances W. Free minds: JOHN MORLEY and his friends. xi+288 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1943 ($3.00).

JOHN MORLEY (1838-1923) was one of the most civilized men of his time, a truly eminent Victorian.

Ellinger, Tage U. H. GREGOR MENDEL'S ex-

periment on the nature of fertilization. Science, 99, 384-85, I944.

An extremely important note which should not be overlooked by anyone interested in the history of biology. It calls attention to a fundamental discovery of MENDEL'S which is still not incorporated in our histories. The discovery is described in MENDEL'S eighth letter to CARL NAGELI and was published by C. CORRENS in Abhand- lungen d. Mathem.-Phys. Kl. d. K. Sdchsischen Gesell- sc/zaft d. Wissenschaften, 29, 235-36, I905. DARWIN in i868 had published his views that more than a single spermatozoon was necessary to fertilize an animal egg, and that more than one pollen grain was necessary to fertilize a plant egg. This was the accepted view of the time. On July 3, i870, MENDEL sent an account of his experiments on Mirabilis and Jalappa to NAGELI in which he showed that a single pollen grain was all that was needed for fertilization. This was four years before OSCAR HERTWIG observed the fusion of the egg and sperm nuclei in sea urchins and thus discovered the basic principles of fertilization. C. Z.

Geiser, Samuel Wood. Dr. DAVID PORTER

SMYTHE, an early Texan botanist. Field &

Laboratory, 12, Io-I6, portr., 1944. Dr. DAVID PORTER SMYTHE (or "D. Port Smythe")

was born in Alabama in 1824, died at Bryan, Texas, in 1889. G. S.

Hagen, Victor W. von. The great mother for- est. A record of RICHARD SPRUCE'S days along the Amazon. Journal of the New York Botani- cal Garden, 45, 73-80, 2 portr., I944.

Hart, T. John. DARWIN and "water-bloom." Nature, 152, 661-62, 1943.

MacCann, William. Viaje a caballo por las pro- vincias argentinas. Traduccion directa del ingles por JosE Luis BUSANICHE. 2a edicion. xviii+ 224 p., 4 pls. Buenos Aires, Ediciones argentinas Solar, I939.

Reviewed by ROSA D. DE BABINI, Archeion, 25, 267- 70, I943.

Quiggin, A. Hingston. HADDON the head- hunter. xii+ 69 p. Cambridge University Press, I942.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis, 35, 36- 37, I944.

Weiss, Harry B. The Journal of the New York Entomological Society 1893-1942. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 5I, 285- 94, 1943-

White, Leslie A. (MORGAN'S attitude toward religion and science. American Anthropologist, 46, 218-30, 1944.

"Presenting [LEWIS H.] MORGAN as a theology-ridden anti-Darwinian is a way of discrediting the theory of

XIXth (2) 239



XIXth (2) to XXth

The present delightful volume is one of the most sym- pathetic accounts of the man and all that he lived for that we have. It is a charming and informative con- versation piece written with urbanity and wit, and the kind of humanitas of which MORLEY himself was so fine an exemplar. The portraits of MORLEY'S great friends, and fellow fighters, LESLIE STEPHEN and FRED- ERIC HARRISON, are very attractively drawn, but the hero of the piece is, of course, MORLEY. MORLEY'S greatness was appreciated by most of his contemporaries, and there are many men who are alive to-day who knew him well, but these are growing old, and the present generation of men seem to have forgotten the great "standard-bearer of humanity" who so substantially helped to mould the free minds of to-day. Among his many achievements MORLEY literally created The Fort- nightly Review as the great nineteenth-century English medium for the exposition and discussion of the great issues of the day. If he had done nothing else but provide men like HUXLEY, SPENCER, MILL, LEWES, HAR- RISON, STEPHEN, and many other liberal thinkers with a medium for the expression of their ideas, he would have deserved the thanks of all posterity. But he did a great deal more. His books on TURGOT, VAUVENARGUES, VOLTAIRE, DIDEROT, and CONDORCET helped tremen- dously to bring the scarcely known ideas of these thinkers before the British public. His book on ROUSSEAU is still a model of its kind. His lives of BURKE, COBDEN, WALPOLE, CROMWELL, and GLADSTONE will always continue to be read both with pleasure and profit, and they will continue to inspire young men just as they did in their own day, for the mind from which those books sprang was a free mind whose creed was liberty and humanity.

We owe thanks to Mrs. KNICKERBOCKER for recreat- ing so ably the period in which MORLEY lived, and for this fine portrait of a very great man. M. F. A. M.

[MACDONALD, DUNCAN BLACK. i863-1943]. Obituary by EDWIN E. CALVERLEY. Moslem World, 34, I-6, portr., I944.

Moreno, Nicolais Besio. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, fundada en 1872. Resefna historica. Archeion, 25, 172-94, I943.

Morgan, Charles. The house of MACMILLAN. x+248 p. New York, Macmillan, 1944 ($3.oo).

MACMILLAN'S published their first book on xIo No- vember i843, that is to say, the English firm of MAC- MILLAN. The American branch of the firm will be fifty years of age in I946 when an American author will tell its story. The history of the English firm is essentially the history of two young Scots with faith and courage in their convictions, and the persistence of a tradition which they established. Mr. MORGAN'S book is well written, but it is a sketch rather than a full portrait, and while it makes both pleasant and interesting reading, it is to be hoped that a fuller account of the world's greatest publishing house will some day be given us. I miss innumerable authors from the pages of this sketch, and I am sure that the reader would dearly like to know something of their relations with their publishers. From the first MACMILLAN published a large proportion of the scientific books which made their appearance in Eng- land, and with great success. Many of the early scientific

books published by the firm subsequently became classics. The official organ of British science, Nature, was launched by the firm of MACMILLAN, under the editor- ship of NORMAN LOCKYER, astronomer and spectroscopist, on 4 November I 869. For nearly thirty years thereafter it was published at a loss, beginning to pay for itself only in the late nineties. The world owes a great deal to the enterprise and interest of publishers; let us give thanks for firms like the house of MACMILLAN, and express the confident hope that the second century of its history will be even brighter than that very dazzling first. M. F. A. M.

Renan, Ernest. Les sciences de la nature et les sciences historiques (Lettre a MARCELLIN BER- THELOT) & L'avenir de la science (chapitres II et XVI). With an introduction by IRA 0. WADE. xxi+43 p. (Princeton Texts in Literature and the History of Thought). Princeton, Princeton University Press, I944 ($0.50).

Edition of RENAN'S letter of I863 to his old friend, MARCELLIN BERTHELOT, and of two chapters from his youthful book of I848, about which see my article, L'avenir de la science (Renaissance, i, 218-37, 1943). Preface with bibliography by Prof. IRA 0. WADE. Ex- cellent text for advanced French classes. G. S.

XXTH CENTURY


Fessenden, Helen M. FESSENDEN. Builder of tomorrows. vi+362 p., frontispiece. New York, Coward-McCann, 1940.

Biography of the radio technician, REGINALD AUBREY FESSENDEN (I866-I932), by his widow. Says she in her foreword: "To the world of today and the world of tomorrow, worlds alike benefited and enriched by the life of REGINALD A. FESSENDEN, I give the man himself. That the mind which conceived the correct theory of wireless transmission, which invented the wireless telephone and with it accomplished the first broadcast- ing, which invented and developed the fathometer and all it implied, that this mind failed to defend itself against commercial assault, whether financial or scientific, is an inescapable fact. For this fact I make no apology. Mine is the setting forth of factual data, an indication of trends, not the indictment of any man or group of men. Without a straightforward account of certain legal encounters, the life of my husband would be but partly told. The outcome of these encounters is a matter of court record which 'he who runs may read.' It is however not by court decisions but by his work that the man will be remembered."

Kelly, Fred C. The WRIGHT brothers. A biography authorized by ORVILLE WRIGHT. 340 P. New York, Harcourt, Brace, I943.

Reviewed by ALEXANDER KLEMIN, American His- torical Review, 49, 129-30, 1943.

Vinter, A. V. Twenty-five years of power development in the U. S. S. R. 21 p. New York, American Russian Institute, 1943.

240



XXth

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Andrews, Roy Chapman. Under a lucky star. A lifetime of adventure. 300 p. New York, Viking Press, 1943 ($3.00).

A breezy story, perhaps a bit too breezy, of adventure and finance. ANDREWS' main achievement was his organization and direction of Central Asiatic Expeditions (I916-28) under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History. The book is very readable but not the kind I would give to a young scientist. G. S.

Edwards, Everett E. RODNEY H. TRUE and his

writings. Agricultural History, 18, 23-24, 1944. RODNEY HOWARD TRUE (1866-I940) belonged to

the generation of American botanists which was educated in Germany and which brought modern botany to the United States. This paper is an appreciative biography and a very complete bibliography. C. Z.

[Grinnell, Joseph. I877-I939]. JOSEPH GRINNELL'S philosophy of nature. Selected writ-

ings of a Western naturalist. xv+237 p., portr., 2 pls., I o figs. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1943.

Reviewed by CHARLES A. KOFOID, Isis, 35, 37, 1944.

Guyot, Edmond. Controle geodesique de la theorie des translations de WEGENER. Annales Guebhard-Severine, Io, 404-IO, I fig., 2 tables, 1944.

Holt, Rackham. GEORGE WASHINGTON CAR- VER: an American biography. viii+342 p. New York, Doubleday, Doran, I943.

Reviewed by CHARLES S. JOHNSON, American His- torical Review, 49, 326-27, I944.

Merritt, Raleigh H. From captivity to fame. Or the life of GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER.

230 p., frontispiece, illus. 2nd ed. Boston, Mea- dor Publishing Co., 1938.

Life of the Negro agriculturist and chemist, G. W. CARVER (c. I865-1943), known for his researches in industrial and domestic uses of peanuts.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Arthus, Maurice. MAURICE ARTHUS' Philoso- phy of scientific investigation. Preface to De

l'Anaphylaxie a l'Immunite, Paris, 192I. Trans- lated from the French, with an introduction by HENRY E. SIGERIST. Foreword by WARFIELD T. LONGCOPE. 26 p. (Reprinted from Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 366-90, I943). Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1943 ($0.75).

"It is now more than 20 years since the French physiologist, MAURICE ARTHUS, published a book, the title of which was 'De l'Anaphylaxie a l'Immunit6'. At that time the monograph was a notable contribution to the subject, for ARTHUS was one of the pioneers in this par-

24I

ticular field of investigation. His book is not a review of current information upon the subject, as he takes pains to point out, but the record of a direct experimental attack upon the problem. This starts with his original observations upon the reaction to repeated injections of horse serum in the rabbit; and, since the 'Arthus Phe- nomenon' and the 'Anaphylaxis' of RICHET are two phenomena of fundamental significance, the text remains historically important. There is, however, another reason why the treatise should not be forgotten, for it is introduced by a preface which is as fresh and appealing today as it was at the time it was written. An explanation for this preface is to be found in an interesting little circumstance that led ARTHUS to write the monograph itself. He received a letter one day from a young physician asking, 'Mais qu'est-ce donc que l'anaphylaxie?' ARTHUS thought the question could best be answered by preparing an account of his own experiments; and as an introduction he wrote an essay upon the philosophy of scientific investigation."

[Brodzki, Jozef, editor]. Polish School of Medi- cine at the University of Edinburgh. vii+63 p., 61 pls., I8 ills. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd, I942.

Reviewed by E. H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 331, 1944.

[KLEBS, ARNOLD CARL. I870-I943]. Obituaries

by HENRY R. VIETS, New England Journal of Medicine, 229, 259-62, I943, and by ERIK

WALLER, Lychnos, 943.

Nicolson, Dorothy C. White. Twenty years of medical research. 97 p. National Tuberculosis Association, 1943.

Reviewed by HENRY E. SIGERIST, Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine, 14, 410-12, 1943.

[NEUBURGER, MAX]. Professor MAX NEUBUR- GER. A biography and bibliography of the master of medical history, Professor NEUBURGER, in honor of his seventy-fifth birthday on December 8, I943. By SOLOMON R. KAGAN. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 423-48, 2 portr., I943.

Parsons, Robert P. Trail to light. A biography of Dr. JOSEPH GOLDBERGER [I874-I929]. 353 p., front. Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, I943.

Reviewed by GEORGE ROSEN, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 407-09, 1943.

Seagrave, Gordon S. Burma surgeon. 295 p., illustrated. New York, Norton, 1943.

Reviewed by JEAN C. SABINE, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 141-42, I944.

Sicco, Antonio. Historia de la catedra de clinica psiquiatrica de la Facultad de Medicina de Mon- tevideo. Revista argentina de historia de la medi-

cina, vol. 3, no. 2, 53-65, I944.



242 XXth

Thorek, Max. A surgeon's world, an autobiography. 410 p. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1943.

Reviewed by ERWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I5, 140-41, 1943.

Zilboorg, Gregory. Present trends in psycho- analytic theory and practice. Bulletin of the Men- ninger Clinic, 8, 3-8, 1944.

E. ALIA

Baikov, A. A. Twenty-five years of the Acade- my of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. 40 p. New York, American Russian Institute, 1944.

Brasch, Frederick E. History and activities of the U. S. S. R. Academy of Sciences during the past twenty-five years. Science, 99, 437-4I, 1944.

[CATTELL, JAMES McKEEN, I860-I944]. JAMES MCKEEN CATTELL - in memoriam. Science, 99, 15 -65, 1944.

Issue of Science devoted to him. Articles by EDWIN G. CONKLIN, EDWARD L. THORNDIKE, BURTON E. Liv- INGSTON, ANTON J. CARLSON, R. S. WOODWORTH, PAUL S. ACHILLES, WATSON DAVIS, L. 0. HOWARD, G. H.

PARKER, HENRY NORRIS RUSSELL, and W. F. G. SWANN.

Conant, James. The advancement of learning in the United States in the post-war world. Pro- ceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 87, 291-98, I944; also in Science, 99, 87-94, I944.

Coulton, George Gordon: Fourscore years. An autobiography. viii+378 p., I I pls. New York, Macmillan, Cambridge University Press, I944 ($4.50).

Dr. COULTON must have many admirers, and all of them will welcome this charmingly written autobiography. The book has a quality all its own, a quality of great beauty. It could not have been written by anyone but an Englishman, and the fact that it was written by a great mediaeval scholar with an excellent classical background makes it the sort of book that the reader will know how to value. The book is attractively illustrated, and there is a good index. Dr. COULTON and his wife are at present living in Toronto. Let us hope that the day is near when the termination of the war will make it possible for them to return to their beloved Cambridge. The appendix (p. 351-54) tells curious stories concerning the abbe JACQUES PAUL MIGNE (I800-75). M.F.A.M.

Duffus, R. L. The innocents at Cedro. A memoir of THORSTEIN VEBLEN and some others. vi+ 63 p. New York, Macmillan, I944 ($2.00).

During the year 1907-8 Mr. DUFFUS and his brother were employed in VEBLEN'S household at Cedro Cottage, near Stanford Univeristy, California. Mr. DUFFUS saw

VEBLEN chiefly at the meals which he was instrumental in preparing. Sometimes VEBLEN spoke and sometimes he didn't. Mr. DUFFUS doesn't remember what he said, and regrets not having kept notes of those days, but somehow he contrives to give the "Stimmung," the atmosphere, of those encounters with VEBLEN so effectively that even VEBLEN'S silences and Mr. DUFFUS'S unre- membered tangential references to VEBLEN'S speeches somehow become articulate. This is a delightful book - the author's best - of recollected undergraduate days in the background of which hovers the figure of one of America's greatest social thinkers, who was shockingly treated by the American academic world. M. F. A. M.

Ergin, Osman. Professor MEHMED CEVDET.

His life, studies and library. 748+96 p. Istanbul, Bozkurt Basimevi, 1937 (in Turkish).

Elaborate biography of the Turkish educator, anti- quarian, bibliophile, MEHMED CEVDET (1883-1-935). It includes articles written by many of his disciples and admirers. At the end are printed 96 p. of the historical dictionary which was ready in MS. He published a good many studies on historical subjects, saved many deeds and records which had accumulated in mosques and offices and were being sold as used paper. His very rich library is now a part of the municipal library of Istan- bul near the mosque of the sultan BAYEZID. The suppres- sion of the Arabic script distressed him considerably.

G. S.

Gomperz, Heinrich (1873-1942). Autobio- graphical remarks. The Personalist, 17 P., portr. (received Jan. I944).

[HERTZ, J. H.]. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. Hertz, Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregation of the British Empire. On the occasion of his seventieth birthday, Sep- tember 25, I942 (5703). Edited by I. EPSTEIN, E. LEVINE and C. ROTH. xii+442 p. (in Eng- lish) + I I I p. (in Hebrew), 2 pls. London, Gold- ston, I942.

A few articles are listed in this bibliography, each in its proper place.

[Ross, Sir E. Denison]. Both ends of the can- dle. The autobiography of Sir E. DENISON Ross. With a foreword by LAURENCE BINYON. 345 p., I7 pls. London, Faber and Faber, I943.

A very revealing autobiography of a famous English Orientalist, founder of the London School of Oriental Studies. Ross was too much of a dilettante and a man of the world to be a great man, but his contributions were very numerous and varied (p. 284-96). It is a pity that this posthumous volume was carelessly edited, many proper names being almost unrecognizable. Ross' broadcast of Oct. 1931 (p. 328-38) is very interesting. The book, very well illustrated, is more entertaining than inspiring. G. S.

Schilpp, Paul Arthur (editor). The philosophy of G. E. MOORE. Evanston, Northwestern University, 1942.



XXth to 2. Egypt

Reviewed by MADELEINE FRANCES, Isis, 35, 47-48, 1944.

Schilpp, Paul Arthur (editor). The philosophy of BERTRAND RUSSELL. xv+815 p. Evan- ston, Northwestern University, I944 ($4.00).

This is the fifth volume in that admirable series, The Library of Living Philosophers, and it is devoted to critical studies, by twenty-one different authors, of various aspects of the work of one of the greatest and most versatile of living philosophers, the incomparable BER- TRAND RUSSELL. RUSSELL contributes an autobiography, "My Mental Development," which is full of charm and interest. My only complaint is that it is far too short, but we will hope that some day RUSSELL will give us a full-dress autobiography. If and when he does, it cannot fail to be one of the great autobiographies of our time. RUSSELL has just completed a history of philosophy, and by the time this notice appears, it should be in print.

The many critical articles are all very much worth reading, and RUSSELL'S reply to them, occupying some sixty pages, though relatively brief, contributes to make the understanding of RUSSELL'S work more clear.

The volume contains a recent protrait of RUSSELL, a specimen of his handwriting, and a good bibliography of his writings, together with an extensive index.

M. F. A. M.

Science in the University. By members of the Fac- ulties of the University of California. x+332 p., plates, figs. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1944. $3.75-

This splendid volume, the printing of which is a credit to the University of California Press, defies analysis. It is a collection of 19 articles, contributed by eminent U. C. scientists, wherein each describes as intelligibly as possible the latest results of his investigations and the scientific horizon which he is privileged to contemplate. I have read most of them with great pleasure, and historians of science are invited to read them too, as it is essential for the accomplishment of their own task that they should always be keenly aware of the living science of to-day. The point of view of most articles is synthetic rather than historical; however, historical digres- sions occur in the articles by ROBERT GRANT AITKEN on astrophysics, by G. Ross ROBERTSON on organic chemistry, by JAKOB BJERKNER on atmospheric pressure, by CLAUDE E. ZOBELL on oceanography. The articles by J. M. D. OLMSTED on physiology as an independent science, and by S. J. HOLMES on HUXLEY'S "Evolution and Ethics" are more exclusively historical and humanistic. The lack of an index is inexcusable. G. S.

PART II

HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION

I. ANTIQUITY I. ANTIQUITY (generalities)

Clark, Grahame. Water in antiquity. Antiquity, I8, I-I5, I944.

Drabkin, I. E. On medical education in Greece and Rome. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I5, 333-5I, 1944-

Gregory, Joshua C. Ancient astrology. Nature, I53, 5 2-I5, I944.

Haussleiter, Johannes. Der Vegetarismus in der Antike. viii+427 p. (Religionsgeschichtl. Versuche u. Vorarbeiten. 24. Bd.). Berlin, To- pelmann, 1935.

Koster, August. Studien zur Geschichte des antiken Seewesens. iv+I55 p., I pi., I6 figs. (Klio, Beitrige zur alten Geschichte, 32). Leipzig, Dieterich, 1934.

Lidonnici, Alfonso. I1 teorema di PITAGORA

nelle civilta preelleniche. Period. Matem., I3, 37-43, I933-

Piccoli, Giuseppe. Numerali etruschi. Period. Matem., I3, I44-50, I933.

Rodgers, William Ledyard. Greek and Roman naval warfare: a study of strategy, tactics, and ship design from Salamis, 480 B.C., to Actium, 31 B.C. xv+555 p. Annapolis, United States Naval Institute, 1937.

2. EGYPT

Albright, W. F. A set of Egyptian playing pieces and dice from Palestine. Mizraim, I, 130-34, I pl., 933-

Hycsos period.

Bagnold, Ralph A. Libyan sands. Travel in a dead world. xi+35 I p., portr., pls., maps. Lon- don, Hodder and Stoughton, 1935.

Baynes, Charlotte A. A Coptic gnostic treatise contained in the Codex Brucianus (Bruce MS 96. Bod. Lib. Oxford). A translation from the Cop- tic; Transcript and commentary. xxv+229 p., I 7 reproductions. Cambridge University Press, I933-

Borchardt, Ludwig. Die Mittel zur zeitlichen Festlegung von Punkten der igyptischen Ge- schichte und ihre Anwendung. 128 p., 3 pls., figs. (Quellen und Forschungen zur Zeitbestim- mung der igyptischen Geschichte, 2). Kairo, Selbstverlag, 1935.

Bortolotti, Ettore. I1 calcolo delle unita frazio- narie presso gli antichi egizi e le frazione continue ascendenti. Memorie Bologna 9, 85-93, 1932.

243



244 2. Egypt

Breasted, James H. (I865-1935). Geschichte Agyptens. Deutsch von HERMANN RANKE. Mit einem Bilderanhang: Die agyptische Kunst. 632 p., 8 facs., 350 pls. Vienna, Phaidon-Verlag, 1936.

[Brooklyn Museum]. Coptic Egypt. Papers read at a symposium held under the joint auspices of New York University and the Brooklyn Mu- seum, February 15, I94I, in connection with the exhibition, Paganism and Christianity in Egypt, shown at the Brooklyn Museum, January 23 to March 9, 1941. 58 p. Brooklyn, N. Y., Brook- lyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, The Brooklyn Museum, 1944 ($.75)-

Contents: WILLIAM LINN WESTERMANN: On the background of Coptism; ARTHUR DARBY NOCK: Later Egyptian piety; Dows DUNHAM: Romano-Coptic Egypt and the culture of Meroe; JOHN DUCEY COONEY: Prob- lems of Coptic art; SIRARPIE DER NERSESSIAN: Some aspects of Coptic painting; MAURICE SVEN DIMAND: Classification of Coptic textiles. For the exhibition see the catalogue published in I943 (Isis, 34, 441). G. S.

Buck, Adriaan de; Gardiner, Alan H. The Egyptian coffin texts I. Texts of spells I-75 by ADRIAAN DE BUCK. xix+405 p. (University of

Chicago Oriental Institute Publications, 34). Chicago, University Press, I935.

Busink, Th. A. Het Ontstaan der Pyramide en over de Pyramide van CHEOPS. Voordracht ge- houden voor den Nederlandsch-Indischen Archi- tectenkring te Batavia op 2 November 1934. 44 p., 2 figs. Batavia, Noordhoff-Kolff, 1935.

Calice, Franz. Grundlagen der agyptisch-semi- tischen Wortvergleichung. Eine kritische Diskus- sion des bisherigen Vergleichsmaterials. vii+278 p. (Beihefte zur Wiener Zeitschrift f. die Kunde des Morgenlandes, H.I). Wien, Institut der Universitat, 1936.

Capparoni, Pietro. Le malattie nell' uomo della preistoria e dell' antico Egitto. Bull. Assoc. In- ternaz. Studi Mediterranei, n. 6, 1935.

Carre, Jean Marie. Voyageurs et ecrivains francais en Egypte I. II. xxxi+342 p., 43 pls.; 400 p., 49 pls. (Publications de l'Institut francais d'archeologie orientale. Recherches d'archeologie, de philologie et d'histoire, IV-V). Le Caire, Institut frangais d'archeologie orientale, 1932.

Chassinat, Emile. Le temple de Dendara. Tome I, vii+ I73 p., 86 pls. Tome 2, 244 p., pl. 87- I67. Le Caire, Institut francais d'archeologie orientale, 1934.

Cheesman, Robert Ernest. Lake Tana and the Blue Nile. An Abyssinian quest. xiv+400oo p., pls., maps. London, Macmillan, 1936.

Cobianchi, Maria. Ricerche di ornitologia nei papiri dell' Egitto greco-romano. Aegyptus, I6, fasc. 1/2, 1936.

Czermak, Wilhelm. Die Laute der agyptischen Sprache. Eine phonetische Untersuchung. II. Teil. Die Laute des Neuagyptischen. viii+p. 191-258. (Schriften der Arbeitsgemeinsch. der Agyptologen u. Afrikanisten in Wien, 3). Wien, Hofels, 1934.

Davidson, David. The hidden truth in myth and ritual and in the common culture pattern of ancient metrology. London, Williams and Norgate, 1934.

Reviewed by RUPERT GLEADOW, Nature, 134, 956- 57, I934. This fantastic publication is quoted only for the sake of curiosity. G. S.

Davies, Norman de Garis. Paintings from the tomb of REKH-MI-RE' at Thebes. With plates in color from copies by NINA DE GARIS DAVIES and CH. K. WILKINSON. ix p., 26 pls. (Publica- tions of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Egyp- tian expedition, o). New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1935.

Dawson, Warren R. CHARLES WYCLIFFE GOODWIN, 1817-1878. A pioneer in Egyptology. ix+ 56 p. London, Oxford University Press, I934.

De Cosson, Anthony. Mareotis, being an account of the history, topography & antiquities of the North-western desert of Egypt and Lake Mareotis. ix+ 29 p., 16 illus., maps. London, Country Life, n.d., received March 1935.

Dingier, Max. Agyptische Bienen. Natur u. Volk, 66, 231-35, 6 figs., 1936.

Dykmans, Gommaire. Histoire economique et sociale de l'ancienne Egypte. 3 vols. (Biblio- theque de l'Ecole superieure des sciences com- merciales et economiques de l'Universite de Liege, 13-I5). Paris, Picard, 1936-1937.

Erman, Adolf. (Ir854-I937). Neuaegyptische Grammatik. 2. v6llig umgestaltete Aufl. Ge- schrieben von W. Erichsen. xv+46I p. Leipzig, Engelmann, 1933.

Erman, Adolf. (1854-I937). Die Welt am Nil. Bilder aus dem alten Agypten. xvi+235 p., 56 figs., 48 pls., I map. Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1936.



Holscher, Uvo. The excavation of Medinet Habu. Vol. I: General plans and views. xiii+4 p., 37 pls. (University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications, 2 ). Chicago, University of Chi- cago Press, 1934.

Holscher, Wilhelm. Libyer und Agypter. Bei- trige zur Ethnologie und Geschichte libyscher Volkerschaften nach den altigyptischen Quellen. 70 p. (Agyptologische Forschungen, 4). Gliick- stadt, Augustin, 1937.

Horwitz, Hugo Th. Uber altiigyptische Vorrich- tungen zum Wasserheben. Wasserwirtsch. u. Technik, 3, 348-52, figs., 1936.

Hume, William Fraser. Geology of Egypt. Vol. I, 1925. Vol. II, pt. 2-3. Cairo, Gov't Printing Press, 1935-37.

Jensen, Adolf Severin. The sacred animal of the God Set. 19 p., 9 figs. (Det Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selsk., Biologiske Meddelelser, ). K0benhavn, Levin & Munksgaard, I934.

Joleaud, Leonce. Les ruminants cervicornes d'Afrique. 85 p., figs. (Memoires de l'Institut d'Egypte, 27). Cairo, 1935.

Kees, Hermann. Agypten. xxvi+372 p., I map, 32 pls., 6 figs. (Kulturgeschichte des alten Ori- ents, Abschn. i. Handbuch d. Altertumswiss. Abt. 3, Teil I, Bd. 3). Miinchen, Beck, I933.

Kortleitner, Franz Xaver. Aegyptiorum auc- toritas quantum ad Israelitarum instituta sacra pertinuerit. viii+84 p. (Commentationes bibli- cae, 8). Innsbruck, Rauch, x933.

Lauer, Jean-Philippe. Fouilles a Saqqarah; la pyramide a degres. L'architecture. T. I, Texte, viii+253 p. frontispiece, figs.; T. 2, Planches, 20 p., 104 pls. Cairo, Service des Antiquites, 1936.

Lewis, Naphtali. L'industrie du papyrus dans l'Egypte greco-romaine. xiii+ I87 p. Paris, Rodstein, 1934.

"Le present ouvrage se divise en deux parties princi- pales. La premiere est un recueil et un examen des ren- seignements que nous donnent nos sources anciennes sur le papyrus (c'est-a-dire, la plante) et les usages qui en etaient faits; la seconde, une etude detaillee sur 'industrie du papier dans 1'Egypte greco-romaine."

Mayr, Joachim. Umrechnungstafeln fur Wan- deljahre. (Tables de conversion des annees vagues egyptiennes en dates du calendrier julien). 16 p. Astronomische Nachrichten, Nov. 1932.

Faulkner, R. 0.; Diringer, David. Had the Egyptians an alphabet? Antiquity, 17, 207-09, I943.

Firth, Cecil M.; Quibell, J. E. The step pyra- mid. With plans by J. P. LAUER. Vol. I, viii+ 144 p., frontispiece, figs.; vol. 2, plates, vii p., I o pl. Cairo, Service des Antiquites de l'Egypte, Excavations at Saqqara, 1935.

Froehner, Reinhard. Der Veterinarpapyrus von Kahun. Dtsch. tierairztl. Wschr., 42, 704-09, figs., 1934-

Gardiner, Alan H. The attitude of the ancient Egyptians to death and the dead. 45 p. (Frazer lecture for 1935, delivered in the University of Cambridge on the I4th of May, 1935). Cam- bridge University Press, 1935.

Gardiner, Alan H. Some aspects of the Egyp- tian language. Proceedings of the British Acad- emy, 23, 8I-104, 1937.

Gardiner, Alan H. (ed.). The temple of King SETHOS I. at Abydos. Copied by AMICE M.

CALVERLEY, with the assistance of MYRTLE F. BROOME. Vols. I-III. (Egypt Exploration So- ciety and Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1933-38).

Glanville, Stephen R. K. Weights and balances in ancient Egypt. 31 P., 5 figs., 5 pls. Royal Institution of Great Britain Weekly Evening Meeting, Nov. 8, 1935.

Grapow, Hermann. Ueber die anatomischen Kenntnisse der altagyptischen Aerzte. 30 p. Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1935.

Grapow, Hermann. Sprachliche und schriftliche Formung iigyptischer Texte. 66 p., I2 pls. (Leipziger igyptolog. Studien, 7). Gliickstadt, Augustin, 1936.

[GRIFFITH, F. LL. (1862-1934)]. Studies presented to F. LL. GRIFFITH. xi+502 p., 74 pls. London, Egypt Exploration Society, 1932.

Harden, Donald B. Roman glass from Karanis, found by the University of Michigan archaeological expedition in Egypt, 1924-29. xviii+349 p., front., pls. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1936.

Hayes, William C. Royal sarcophagi of the XVIII Dynasty. xii+ 2I p., front., illus. Prince- ton University Press, 1935.

2. Egypt 245



Mayser, Edwin. Grammatik der griechischen Papyri aus der Ptolemaerzeit mit Einschluss der gleichzeitigen Ostraka und der in Agypten ver- fassten Inschriften. 2 vols. Leipzig, Teubner, I906-34.

Maystre, Charles. Les declarations d'innocence (Livre des morts, chapitre I25). I63 p. (Pub- lications de l'Institut franSais d'archeologie orientale. Recherches d'archeologie, de philologie et d'histoire, 8). Cairo, 1937.

Mendelsohn, Simon. The mortuary crafts of ancient Egypt. Ciba Symposia, 6, I795-I8o4, illus., 1944.

Nelson, Harold H.; Holscher, Uvo. Work in Western Thebes I93I/3. With a chapter by SIEGFRIED SCHOTT. vii+II8 p., 62 figs. (Ori- ental Institute Communications, 18). Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1934.

Noshy, Ibrahim. The arts in Ptolemaic Egypt. A study of Greek and Egyptian influences in Ptolemaic architecture and sculpture. xii+156 p., I8 pls. Oxford University Press, I937.

Peremans, Willy. Vreemdelingen en Egypte- naren in vroeg-Ptolemaeisch Egypte, avec un resume en franqais. xxxii+313 p. (Universite de Louvain. Recueil des travaux publies par les membres de Conferences d'histoire et de philologie, 43). Louvain, 1937.

Pieper, Max. Das agyptische Mirchen. Ur- sprung und Nachwirkung iiltester Miirchendich- tung bis zur Gegenwart. 89 p. (Morgenland. Darstellungen aus Geschichte und Kultur des Ostens, 27). Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1935.

Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind L. B. Topo- graphical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hiero- glyphic texts, reliefs and paintings, I-VI. Ox- ford, Clarendon Press, I927-39.

Preisendanz, Karl. Papyrusfunde und Papyrus- forschung. xvi+372 p., 2 maps. Leipzig, Hierse- mann, I933.

Reisner, George Andrew. The development of the Egyptian tomb down to the accession of CHEOPS. xxvii+428 p., 2 maps. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, I936.

Riefstahl, Elizabeth. Doll, queen, or goddess? With an appendix by RUTHERFORD J. GETTENS.

Brooklyn Museum Journal, 5-23, 6 pls., I943- 44.

Scott, Nora E. An Egyptian sundial. Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 30, 88-89, I fig., I935-

Found at Qantara. Dating from the period 380 to 260 B.C. G. S.

Seligman, Charles Gabriel. Egypt and Negro Africa. A study in divine kingship. 82 p. (Frazer lecture for I933, delivered in the University of Liverpool on the 30th November I933). Lon- don, Routledge, I934.

Sethe, Kurt (1869-I934). Das hieroglyphische Schriftsystem. 25 p., 2 pls., figs. (Leipziger agyptologische Studien, H. 3). Gliickstadt, Au- gustin, 1935.

Sethe, Kurt (1869-1934). Ubersetzung und Kommentar zu den altigyptischen Pyramiden- texten. Bd. I, II; III, Lief. 1-4; IV, Lief. I-4. Gliickstadt, Augustin, I935-39.

Simons, Jan Jozef (S.J.). Handbook for the study of Egyptian topographical lists relating to Western Asia. xv+ 223 p., front., 6 figs. Leiden, Brill, 1937.

Speleers, Louis. Comment faut-il lire les textes des pyramides egyptiennes? 277 p., illus., pls. Brussels, 1934.

Spiegelberg, Wilhelm (I870-I900). Die de- motischen Papyri Loeb. Mit Zusatzen von WALTER OTTO. xvii+68 p., 38 pls. (Papyri der Universitit Miinchen, H. i). Miinchen, Beck, I931.

Steindorff, Georg; Wolf, Walther. Die The- banische Graberwelt. Ioo p., 25 pls., 39 figs. (Leipziger igyptologische Studien, 4). Gliick- stadt, Augustin, 1936.

Steuer, Robert 0. Stacte in Egyptian antiquity. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 63, 279-84, 1943.

Suys, Emile (S.J.). La sagesse d'Ani. Texte, traduction et commentaire. xxii+ 126 p., facs. (Analecta orientalia, commentationes scientificae de rebus orientis antiqui cura Pontificii Instituti Biblici editae, II). Roma, Pontificio Istituto Biblico, I935.

Thompson, Sir Herbert (editor). A family archive from Siut, from papyri in the British Mu- seum. Including an account of a trial before the laocritae in the year B.C. 170. 2 vols., xxiii+ 148 p., 3' pl. London, Oxford University, I934.

246 2. Egypt



2. Egypt to 3. Babylonia and Assyria

Vandier, Jacques. La famine dans l'Egypte ancienne. xvi+I76 p. (Recherches d'archeologie, de philologie et d'histoire, 7). Le Caire, Institut francais d'archeologie orientale, 1936.

Weill, Raymond. Le champ des Roseaux et le

champ des Offrandes dans la religion funeraire et la religion generale. xi+ 176 p. (Etudes d'Egyp- tologie, 3). Paris, Geuthner, I936.

Wilcken, Ulrich. Urkunden der Ptolemierzeit (altere Funde). Berlin, de Gruyter, I927-37.

I. Papyri aus Unteragypten; II. I, 2. Papyri aus Oberigypten.

Winkler, Hans Alexander. Bauern zwischen Wasser und Wiiste. Volkskundliches aus dem Dorfe Kiman in Oberigypten. xi+214 p. Stutt-

gart, Kohlhammer, I934.

Winkler, Hans Alexander. V;lker und Volker-

bewegungen im vorgeschichtlichen Oberagypten im Lichte neuer Felsbilderfunde. vii+36 p., 59 figs., I map. Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, I937.

Winlock, Herbert Eustis. Ed Dakhleh Oasis. Journal of a camel trip made in I908. With an

appendix by LUDLOW BULL. New York, Metro-

politan Museum of Art, I936.

Winlock, Herbert Eustis. Materials used at the embalming of King TUT-'ANKH-AMUN. I8 p., I pls. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, I94I.

Winlock, Herbert Eustis. The temple of RA- MESSES I at Abydos. 20 p., 5 figs., 5 pls. (Met- ropolitan Museum of Art Papers, no. 5). New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, I937.

Winter, John Garrett. Life and letters in the papyri. vii+308 p. (University of Michigan Studies, The Jerome Lectures). Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, I933.

Worrell, William H. Coptic texts in the Uni- versity of Michigan collection. With a study in the popular traditions of Coptic. xiii+375 p., II pls. (University of Michigan Studies, Human- istic Series, 46). Ann Arbor, University of

Michigan Press, I942.

3. BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA

Bortolotti, Ettore. Le irrazionalita quadratiche nella matematica babilonese. Period. di matem., 15, 220-29, I935.

Burrows, Eric R. Archaic texts. vii+63 p., pls. (Publications of the joint expedition of the Brit- ish Museum and of the University Museum, Uni-

versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, to Mesopo- tamia. Ur excavation texts, II). London, British

Museum, 1935.

Cumming, Charles Gordon. The Assyrian and Hebrew hymns of praise. xi+I76 p. (Co- lumbia University Oriental Studies, 12). New

York, Columbia University Press, I934.

Denton, George B. A new interpretation of a well-known Assyrian letter. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 2, 314-15, I943.

"Harper letter No. 586 has generally been interpreted as giving a diagnosis of systematic infection aue to the teeth and as prescribing extraction of the teeth as the treatment. Waterman's translation of the essential part - in which other translators have substantially agreed is as follows: 'The burning of his head, his hands (and) his feet wherewith he burns is because of his teeth. His teeth should be drawn.' Both the diagnosis and the pre- scription, as translated here, are worth discussion."

Dittrich, Arnost. Kidinnova tabulka noveho svetla luny, sloupec A, B, F. La table de la nou- velle lumiere de la lune de KIDINNU, Colonnes A, B, F. 35 p. (Publ. de la fac. des sciences de l'Universite Charles, Nr. 137), I935.

Dittrich, Arnost. Les moyens mathematiques des astronomes babyloniens. Casopis pro Pestov. Mat. a Fys., 63, 17-29, 1933.

Dittrich, Arnost. Substitution des tables astrono-

miques babyloniennes par les formules trigono- metriques. Casopis pro Pestov. Mat. a Fys., 63, 82-96, 1933.

Driver, Godfrey R.; Miles, John C. The As- syrian laws edited with translation and commen-

tary. xxiv+534 p. (Ancient codes and laws of the Near East, 2). Oxford, Clarendon Press, I935.

Driver, G. R.; Miles, Sir John C. The sal- zikrum 'woman-man' in old-Babylonian texts.

Iraq, 6, 66-70, I illus., I939.

Drower, E. S. A Mandaean book of black magic. Transliterated and translated. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 149-8, I pl., 1943.

Dussaud, Rene. Rapports entre la Crete ancienne et la Babylonie. Iraq, 6, 53-65, I939.

Ebeling, Erich; Meissner, Bruno (editors). Reallexikon der Assyriologie. I, II. Berlin, de Gruyter, 1932-38.

247



3. Babylonia and Assyria

Eilers, Wilhelm (editor). Die Gesetzesstele CHAMMURABIS. Gesetze um die Wende des dritten vorchristlichen Jahrtausends. 84 p. (Der alte Orient, 31). Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1932.

Froehner, Reinh. Die tieranatomischen, -embryologischen und -teratologischen Kennt- nisse der babylonischen und assyrischen Opfer- priester im Altertum. Vet.-hist. Mitt., 15, I-7, 9-14, 17-2I, 3 figs., I935.

Heuchamps, Edgard. Sur les origines lointaines du theoreme de PYTHAGORE. Les Etudes classiques, 5, 61-72, I936.

Hooke, Samuel Henry. A note on the sacred drum. Essays in honour of the very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 239-43, London, I942.

Among the Accadian rituals published by THUREAU- DANGIN are some related to the use of the sacred drum called lilissu. One of these rituals concerns the observ- ance of eclipses (date uncertain). G. S.

Kramer, S. N. The epic of Gilgamesh and its Sumerian sources. A study in literary evolution. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 64, 7-23, 1944.

Kramer, S. N. Sumerian mythology. A study of spiritual and literary achievement in the third millennium B.C. xiv+I25 p., xx pls., frontispiece, 2 figs., map. (American Philosophical So- ciety, Memoirs, 2 ). Philadelphia, I944 ($2.00).

The earliest culture of Mesopotamia was the Sumerian (before 2000 B.C.) located between the lower Tigris and the lower Euphrates; that culture was non-Semitic. It was followed by the Semitic Accadian ones (Baby- lonian, Assyrian). The first excavation of a Sumerian site was made by the French under ERNEST DE SARZEC, at Tellok, in 1877, the second at Nippur, in I889-I900, by the Americans under H. V. HILPRECHT (who strange- ly enough is not mentioned a single time in KRAMER'S book). The Nippur expedition excavated some 30,000 tablets, most of them in Sumerian, that is, anterior to 2000 B.C. Other excavations, scientific or clandestine, have unearthed a large number of Sumerian tablets, perhaps as many as a quarter of a million now scattered in the museums of the world. However, not more than some 3,000 include literary composition, and of these more than two-thirds were excavated in Nippur (00oo kept in Philadelphia, 800 in Istanbul, o00 in Jena). KRAMER has undertaken the enormously difficult task of editing that Sumerian literature, the earliest literature extant. Much of it indeed dates from the latter half of the third millennium. Continuing the efforts of the late EDWARD CHIERA (1885-I933), KRAMER is preparing a survey of Sumerian culture in seven vols. of which this is the first. I. Introduction. Mythology. II-VI, texts: II. Epics; III. Myths; IV. Hymns; V. Lamentations; VI. Wisdom. VII. Sumerian religion. The mythology explained in the present volume is of great interest, even to historians of science, because much of it represents the

earliest cosmological speculations of mankind, as known to us. They concern the creation and organization of the universe, the creation of man, the deluge. May Dr. KRAMER live long enough to complete this admirable revelation of Sumerian culture. G. S.

Landsberger, Benno. Die Fauna des alten Mesopotamien nach der 14. Tafel der Serie HAR-ra=hubullu. Unter Mitwirkung von L. KRUMBIEGEL. xvi+ 144 p. (Abhandlungen der

philologisch-historischen Klasse der Sichsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 42). Leipzig, Hirzel, '934.

Lautner, Julius Georg. Altbabylonische Per- sonenmiete und Erntearbeitervertrige. Studia et documenta ad jura orientis antiqui pertinentia. vol. I, xxii+264 p., I fig. Leiden, Brill, 1936.

Lehmann-Haupt, Carl Friedrich (editor). Corpus inscriptionum Chaldicarum. In Verbin- dung mit F. BAGEL und E. SCHACHERMEYR. Textband I, II; Tafelband I, II. Berlin, de Gruyter, 1928-35.

Mallowan, Max Edgar Lucien; Rose, J. Cruikshank. Prehistoric Assyria: the excavations at Tall Arpachiyah, 1933. xv+178 p. (Reprinted from Iraq, volume 2, part I). Lon- don, Oxford University Press, I935.

Meer, P. E. V. D. A topography of Babylon. Iraq, 5, 55-64, I938.

Neugebauer, Otto. Uber die Rolle der Tabel- lentexte in der babylonischen ;Mathematik. 14 p. (Det Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab. Math.-fys. Meddelelser, XII, 13.). K0benhavn, 1934.

Neugebauer, Otto. Zur Terminologie der ma- thematischen Keilschrifttexte. Archiv Orient- forschung, 0, 199-204, 934.

Neugebauer, Otto. Zur Transkription mathe- matischer und astronomischer Keilschrifttexte. Archiv Orientforschung, 8, 22 1-23, 1933.

Pallis, Svend Aage. Essay on Mandaean bibliography, 1560-1930. xi+240 p. Copenhagen, Branner, 1933.

Parrot, Andre. Le "Refrigerium" dans l'Au- dela. I77 P. Paris, Geuthner, I937.

Thompson, Reginald Campbell. The Assyr- ian kisal as the origin of the carat-weight. Iraq, 5, 23-30, I fig., 1938.

Thompson, Reginald Campbell. Assyrian pre- scriptions for diseases of the urine, etc. 152 p. Paris, Geuthner, 1934.

248



3. Babylonia and Assyria to 4. Greece

Thompson, Reginald Campbell. Kurangu and lallangu as possibly 'rice' and 'indigo' in cuneiform. Iraq, 6, I80-83, I939.

Thompson, Reginald Campbell. A new record of an Assyrian earthquake. Iraq, 4, I86-88, I fig., I937.

Edition of a BM tablet in Assyrian found in the Temple of Ishtar, Nineveh. G. S.

Thureau-Dangin, FranCois; Dunand, Mau- rice. Til-Barsib. Avec le concours de LUCIEN CAVRO et GEORGES DOSSIN. iii+i67 p., 53 pl. (Bibliotheque archeologique et historique, 23). Paris, Geuthner, I936.

Townend, B. R. An Assyrian dental diagnosis. Iraq, 5, 82-84, I pi., I938.

Waschow, Heinz. Angewandte Mathematik im alten Babylonien (um 2000 v. Chr.). Studien zu den Texten CT IX, 8-I5. Arch. Orient- forsch., 8, 215-20, I933.

Waschow, Heinz. Wehrwissenschaft und Ma- thematik im alten Babylonien. Unterr. Bl. Math. u. Naturw., 39, 368-73, I933.

Watelin, Louis Charles; Langdon, Stephen. Excavations at Kish. The Herbert Weld and Field Museum of Natural History Expedition to Mesopotamia. Vol. I, III, IV. Paris, Geuthner, 1924-34.

Wiseman, Percy John. New discoveries in Babylonia about Genesis. 152 p. London, Mar- shall, iMorgan and Scott, I936.

Woolley, Charles Leonard. The development of Sumerian art. 140 p., front., pls. London, Faber and Faber, I935.

Woolley, Charles Leonard and others. The royal cemetery. A report on the predynastic and Sargonic graves excavated between 1926 and 193 I. Chapters by E. R. BURROWS, Sir ARTHUR

KEITH, L. LEGRAIN, D. H. PENDERLEITH.

xx+604 p., front., map, 8I ills., 274 pls. (Pub- lications of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia, ser. I, v. 2). I934.

Woolley, Charles Leonard. Ur of the Chal- dees. A record of seven years of excavation. xiii+ I5 p., I6 pls., map. (Pelican Books, A 27). New York, Penguin Books, I940.

4. GREECE

Artelt, Walter. Studien zur Geschichte der Be- griffe "Heilmittel" und "Gift," Urzeit-HoMER- Corpus Hippocraticum. Ioo p. (Studien zur Geschichte der Medizin, H. 23). Leipzig, Barth, I937.

Bossert, Helmuth Theodor. The art of ancient Crete. From the earliest times to the Iron age. 3rd. ed. 44 p., 572 illus: (The Earliest Cultures of the Mediterranean Countries, I). London, Zwemmer, 937.

Boyance, Pierre. Le culte des Muses chez les philosophes grecs, etudes d'histoire et de psycho- logie religieuses. 375 p. Paris, de Boccard, I936.

Brown, Charles Barrett. The contribution of Greek to English. With special attention to medical and other scientific terms. xiii+310 p. Nash- ville, Tenn., Vanderbilt University Press, I942.

Brunschwicg, Leon. Le role du pythagorisme dans l'evolution des idees. 27 p. (Actual. scient. et indust., n? 446, Confer. du centre univ. medi- terraneen, 2). Paris, Hermann, I937.

Calhoun, George Miller. Ancient Athenian mining. Journal of economic and business history, 3, 333-61, I931.

Cornford, Francis Macdonald. The laws of motion in ancient thought. An inaugural lecture.

47 p. Cambridge, University Press, I93I.

Cornford, F. M. Was the Ionian philosophy scientific? Journal of Hellenic Studies, 62, 1-7, I942.

Delatte, Armand. Les conceptions de l'enthou- siasme chez les philosophes presocratiques. 79 p. (Coll. d'Etudes anciennes de l'Assoc. Guillaume Bude). Paris, Les Belles Lettres, I934.

Dustmann, Maria. Geschichte der Ernihrungs- therapie im Altertum. 52 p. Inst. f. Gesch. d. Med. d. Med. Akad. Diisseldorf, I935.

Festugiere, A. J. Alchymica. L'Antiquite clas- sique, 8, 7I-95, 1939-

Friesenhahn, Peter. Hellenistische Wortzahlen- mystik im Neuen Testament. xi+312 p. Leip- zig, Teubner, 1935.

Hemmy, A. S. The weight-standards of ancient Greece and Persia. Iraq, 5, 65-8I, 37 figs., 1938.

249



4. Greece to 5. Rome

Judeich, Walther. Topographie von Athen. 2. vollstind. neubearb. Aufl. xii+473 p., 24 pi., 56 figs. (Handbuch d. Altertumswiss., 2). Miinchen, Beck, 93 I.

Lacroix, Leon. La faune marine dans la decora- tion des plats a poissons. Etude sur la ceramique grecque d'Italie meridionale. 69 p., 14 figs., 20

pls. Verviers, chez l'auteur (s.d.) (1937).

Markman, Sidney David. The horse in Greek art. xvii+2II p., 60 pls. (Johns Hopkins Uni-

versity Studies in Archaeology, 35). Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, I943.

Mondolfo, Rodolfo. Problemi del pensiero antico. 276 p. Bologna, Zanichelli, I935.

Noe, Sydney P. A bibliography of Greek coin hoards. 2nd edition. 362 p. (Notes and monographs, no. 78). New York, American Numis- matic Society, 1937.

Oilier, Frangois. Le mirage spartiate. Etude sur l'idealisation de Sparte dans l'antiquite grecque de l'origine jusqu'aux Cyniques. 447 p. Paris, de Boccard, 1933.

Parke, H. W. A history of the Delphic oracle. viii+457 p., frontispiece, pls. Oxford, Black- well, 1939.

"One can easily criticize the moral teaching of Delphi on the ground of the negative character of the Delphic maxims. 'Nothing too much' can be stigmatized as a niggardly playing for safety or 'Know thyself' as a sug- gestion of self-distrust. It is true that these cautious aphorisms would be of little use without a positive counterpart as a stimulus to action. But it lay in the nature of the oracle's function that it could not well initiate action. It had to be approached, and then it gave its judgment. So its part was more often to suggest risks and offer warnings than to urge on with encourage- ments. The Delphians, a small people, were naturally more suited to this attitude, and their own feelings may be expressed in some of the Delphic parables which humble the proud and justify the lowly. For though their handling of political problems was sometimes shift- ing, the priesthood maintained a firm, even though somewhat negative, position on moral issues. It is this fact which gives an inner rightness to many of their responses, in spite of their mistakes, and this moral aspect finds its perfect expression in that high priest of Apollo, PLU- TARCH of Chaeronea. Like him, the Delphic oracle was not the greatest expression of the Greek genius, but even more than he, it was a formative element in the complex pattern of Hellenic civilization."

Rathmann, Walter. Quaestiones Pythagoreae, Orphicae, Empedocleae. vii+ 53 p. (Hallenser Dissertation). Halle, 1933.

Roes, Anna. Greek geometric art, its symbolism and its origin. 128 p., I04 figs. Oxford Uni- versity Press, I933.

Reviewed by AANDA K. COOMARASWAMY, Art Bul- letin, 17, 103-o7, 1935.

Souques, Alexandre A. Etapes de la neurolo- gie dans l'antiquite grecque (d'HoMERE a GA- LIEN). 247 p. Paris, Masson, I936.

Tollington, Richard Bartram. Alexandrine teaching on the universe. Four lectures. 181 p. London, Allen and Unwin, I932.

Warmington, Eric Herbert. Greek geography. xlviii+270 p. (Library of Greek thought). London, Dent, I934.

Reviewed by E. G. R. TAYLOR, Geographical Journal, 84, 456-57, I934. "A source book of translated passages, dealing chiefly with exploration and descriptive geography." C. W. A.

Weinreich, Hermann. Attische Wasseruhren und ihre Mathematik. Z. math. u. natw. Unterr., 65, 224-28, I934.

Winnington-Ingram, Reginald Pepys. Mode in ancient Greek music. viii+go p. (Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge University Press, I936.

Wrede, Walther. Attische Mauern. 67 p., I13 illus., Io figs. Athen, Dtsch. Archaol. Inst., I933.

5. ROME

Bell, Walter G.; Cottrill, F.; Spon, Charles. London wall through eighteen centuries. A history of the ancient town wall of the City of Lon- don, with a survey of the existing remains. 8 original drawings by A. A. MOORE. x+I24 p. London, Council for Tower Hill Improvement, I937.

Carre, Adrien L. J. L'hygiene et la sante dans la Rome antique. Preface by Prof. MAURIAC. vii+I70 p. Bordeaux, Delmas, I933.

Christofle, Marcel. Essai de restitution d'un moulin a huile de l'epoque romaine a Madaure (Constantine). 65 p., 31 figs., 26 photos. Alger, I930.

Collingwood, Robin George; Myres, J. N. L. Roman Britain and the English settlements. xxvi+515 p., maps. (Oxford history of Eng- land). Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1936. 2nd ed., I937-

250



5. Rome to 6. Middle Ages

Cozzo, Giuseppe. I1 luogo primitivo di Roma. I99 p., 56 ill. Rome, Cremonesi, I935.

Forrer, Robert. L'Alsace romaine. 220 p., 41 pl. (Etudes d'archeologie et d'histoire. Collec- tion dirigee par ANDRE PIGANIOL). Paris, Le-

roux, 1935-

Hofmann, Michel. Tusculum-Kalender. Das ist vollstandiger Julianischer Kalender des alten Rom mit vielerlei Fest-, Markt-, Opfer-, Gliicks- und Ungliickstagen. Unter Beifiigung der wich- tigsten noch feststellbaren Gedenktage der antiken Geschichte und Kulturgeschichte, nebst ausfiihrlichen Anleitungen, den antiken Kalender zu lesen, auf die Historie anzuwenden und seine Bedeutung zu verstehen. Ferner versehen mit einem Kalendarium fur unsere Zeit auf das Jahr I933. 53 p. Miinchen, Heimeran, I933.

Jennison, George. Animals for show and pleasure in ancient Rome. xiv+209 p., 8 pls. (Pub- lications of the University of Manchester, no. 258). Manchester, University Press, I937.

Kappelmacher, Alfred; Schuster, Mauriz. Die Literatur der R6mer bis zur Karolingerzeit. 485 p. (Handbuch d. Literaturwiss.). Potsdam, Akadem. Verlagsges. Athenaion, I934.

Kiefer, Otto. Sexual life in ancient Rome. Trans- lated from "Kulturgeschichte Roms unter beson- derer Beriicksichtigung der R6mischen Sitten" by GILBERT and HELEN HIGHET. ix+379 p. I6 pls. London, Routledge, I934.

Macdonald, Sir George. The Roman Wall in Scotland. Second edition revised, enlarged and in great part rewritten. xvi+492 p., pl., fig., map. Oxford, Clarendon Press, I934.

Moore, Ralph Westwood. The Romans in Britain. A selection of Latin texts. Edited with a commentary. xii+214 p. London, Methuen, I938.

Nogara, Bartolomeo. Les Etrusques et leur civilisation. Edit. franc. par M. T. DROMARD- MAIROT. 270 p., IO figs., 74 pls. Paris, Payot, I936.

Pearson, Frederic R. Roman Yorkshire. With foreword by Viscount HALIFAX. xi+ 208 p., front., illus., pls. London, Brown, I936.

Poidebard, Antoine. La trace de Rome dans le desert de Syrie. Le limes de TRAJAN a la con-

quete arabe. Recherches aeriennes (1925-1932).

Introduction de FRANZ CUMONT. xxiv+213 P.; viii+II p., 161 pls. (Bibliotheque archeologique et historique, 18). Paris, Geuthner, 1934.

Starcky, Abbe Jean. Palmyre. Guide archeologique. Melanges de l'Universite Saint Joseph, 24, 68 p., frontispiece, 60 figs., map. Beyrouth, Imprimerie Catholique, I941.

Sutherland, Carol H. V. Coinage and currency in Roman Britain. xii+I84 p., 14 pls. London, Oxford University Press, 1937.

Van Buren, Albert William. Ancient Rome as revealed by recent discoveries. xvi+200 p., 9 pls. London, Dickson, 1936.

West, Louis C. Roman Gaul, the objects of trade. xi+ 19 p. Oxford, Blackwell, 1935.

Whatmough, Joshua. The foundations of Ro- man Italy. 413 p., 12 pls., 8 maps, 148 ills. London, Methuen, I937.

Wheeler, Robert E. M.; Wheeler, T. V. Ve- rulamium, a Belgic and two Roman cities. xii+ 244 p., I20 pl. (Reports of the Research Com- mittee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, no. I ). London, Society of Antiquaries, 1936.

II. MIDDLE AGES

6. MIDDLE AGES (generalities)

Atkins, John W. H. English literary criticism. The medieval phase. ix+211 p. New York, The Macmillan Co.; Cambridge, University Press, 1943 ($3.00).

Professor ATKINS in the present volume continues the plan begun in his Literary Criticism in Antiquity. Like the earlier work the present volume is an original and scholarly contribution, this time to our understanding not alone of the beginnings of criticism in the Middle Ages, but of humanistic thought during that period, and to some extent during the period which followed it. It does not confine itself to writers whose interest was in the vernacular, for there was a larger European movement of which English criticism was a part. It embodied much of the ancient teaching, but it shows recurring efforts to arrive at the nature and art of poetry. Pro- fessor ATKINS does not neglect scientific criticism, and has much of interest to say in this respect of ROGER BACON'S influence upon medieval criticism. A most at- tractive book is this. M. F. A. M.

Carmody, Francis J. Quotations in the Latin Physiologus from Latin Bibles earlier than the Vulgate. University of California Publications in Classical Philology I, 3 I-8, I944.

25I



6. Middle Ages

Carmody, Francis J. Ten years of American scholarship in medieval science. Progress of Me- dieval and Renaissance Studies, Bulletin No. 18, 19-27, Boulder, Colorado, I944.

Chevalier, A. G. The beginnings of the School of Salerno. p. I719-24, illus.; CONSTANTINUS AFRICANUS and the influence of the Arabs on Salerno. p. 1725-31, illus.; The "Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum." p. I732-37, illus:; The Salernitan physician. p. 1738-42, illus. Ciba Symposia, 5, 1944-

Cohen, Gustave. La grande clarte du Moyen- Age. 225 p. New York, Maison fran;aise, 1943.

Reviewed by ROBERT J. CLEMENTS, Speculum, 19, 253-55, 1944.

Coulton, G. G. The last generations of mediaeval monachism. Speculum, I8, 437-57, I943.

"It may well be premature at present to aspire to a final judgment on mediaeval monasticism, but certainly the preliminaries for some such agreement among scholars is long overdue. English-speaking historians must begin to recognize that we cannot fairly judge HENRY VIII's revolution so long as we ignore such witnesses as BUSCH and TRAVERSARI, TRITHEMIUS and NIDER, with the Cluniac visitations published by A. BRUEL in the Bibliothaque de I'Ecole des Chartes, and the Dominican Chapter General reports printed by REICHERT (to name only half of the relevant original records). Such neglect is as absurd as to estimate the French Revolution without reference to the English Deists and American Independ- ence and ARTHUR YOUNG, or even to the Encyclopaedists and the Cahiers."

Focillon, Henri. Moyen age. Survivances et re- veils. Etudes d'art et d'histoire. 205 p., illus. New York, Brentano's, 1943.

The title of this collection of essays defines well its general spirit, best illustrated in the first article, "Pre- histoire et Moyen Age." The author shows clearly how many prehistoric reminiscences dominated the mediaeval craftsmen, reminiscences which were indestructible as well as immemorial. Some of his views on the Middle Ages are noteworthy, as his saying (p. 52) "Le moyen age n'est essentiellement ni m6diterraneen ni germanique, ni 'nordique.' I1 est occidental. Non seulement il a bati les eglises, mais il a bati une societe. Aux d6combres accumules par la chute de l'empire carolingien, a la feodalit6 n6e de sa d6composition et qui est proprement le statut des organisations primitives, tel que l'Afrique noire en offrait encore des exemples a la fin du XIXe siecle, il a fait effort pour substituer un nouvel ordre public, par la Magna Charta, par la lib6ration des villes, par les efforts faits pendant des siecles par les rois cape- tiens, ces seigneurs feodaux, pour an6antir les autres feodaux et pour donner i la France cette unit6 profonde, ce caractere de nation moderne que l'Allemagne et l'Italie n'ont acquis que depuis peu. L'Occident, baigne par l'Atlantique, est le socle de la civilisation m6dievale et contemporaine, comme la Grece, baign6e par la M6di- terranee, est le socle de la civilisation antique." His

discussion of the ogive and of the origins of Gothic architecture (p. 109-32) is an excellent "mise au point." The short autobiographical introduction, written but a few years before his death, is moving because of its sin- cerity and simplicity. G. S.

Forsyth, William H. The noblest of sports: falconry in the Middle Ages. Metropolitan Mu- seum of Art Bulletin, I , 25 3-59, 4 figs., I944.

Guscin, Aleksandr S. Monuments de l'art in- dustriel de l'ancienne Russie, Xe-XIIe siecles. 88 p., 24 pls., 29 figs. Academie N. Marr de l'Histoire de la culture materielle. Moscow, 1936.

Hammer, William. The concept of the new or second Rome in the Middle Ages. Speculum, 19, 50-62, 1944.

Koyre, Alexandre. Aristotelisme et platonisme dans la philosophie du Moyen Age. Les gants du ciel, 4e cahier, 75-107, Montreal, juin 1944.

Magoun, Francis P., Jr. The Iceland voyage in the 'Nibelungenlied'. Modern Language Re- view, 39, 38-42, I944-

Millas Vallicrosa, Jose Maria. Las traduc- clones orientales en los manuscritos de la Bi- blioteca Catedral de Toledo. 371 p., 17 facs.

(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto Arias Montano). Madrid, 1942.

Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis, 34, 518-19, 1943.

Muckle, J. T. Greek works translated directly into Latin before 1350. (Continuation). Part I -Before 1ooo. Mediaeval Studies, 5, 102-14, I943.

Nykl, A. R. Troubadour studies. A critical survey of recent books published in this field. 20 p. (Privately printed). Cambridge, Mass., 1944.

Sanford, Eva Matthews. The study of ancient history in the Middle Ages. Journal of the His- tory of Ideas, 5, 21-43, 1944.

Schaeffer, Claude F. A. Un voilier de l'epoque merovingienne du Nord de la France. Revue archeologique, 14, 181-87, 6 figs., I939.

Scollard, Robert J. A list of photographic reproductions of mediaeval manuscripts in the library of the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. Mediaeval Studies, 5, 5 I-74, I943.

Thomson, S. Harrison. Progress of Medieval and Renaissance Studies in the United States and Canada. Bulletin No. I8, 125 p., Boulder, Colo- rado, June I944.

252



6. Middle Ages to 9. India

Woodbine, George E. The language of Eng- lish law. Speculum, 8, 395-436, 1943.

"In the light of our present knowledge, which is too incomplete to settle anything definitely, the probability would seem to be that the language of English law is what it is today, not because of the invasion of WILLIAM

I, but as a result of that other influx of Frenchmen some two hundred years later."

7. BYZANTIUM

Demangel, R.; Mamboury, E. Le quartier des Manganes et la premiere region de Constanti- nople. 172 p., I pls., 2 2 figs. (Recherches frangaises en Turquie, 2.). Paris, de Boccard, I939.

III. ORIENTAL SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION

8. ASIA (generalities)

Borodin, George. Soviet and tsarist Siberia. 168 p., 43 illus. London, Rich & Cowan, s.a. [I944].

A most interesting description of the efforts made by the Soviets to develop the immense possibilities of Siberia, neglected by the Old Russia. This is a splendid example of scientific and humane planning on a continental scale. Scholars discussing "planned" science vs. "free" science (Isis, 35, 191) are advised to read this book and especially chapter X, "Science in the saddle." Historians of science will regret that the author did mention neither PETER SIMON PALLAS (1741-1811) nor DMITRI IVANO- VICH MENDELEEV (1834-1907), the two greatest scientists in the history of Siberia until recent times. G. S.

CENTRAL ASIA

Hosten, H. (S.J.). Letters and other papers of Fr. IPPOLITO DESIDERI, S.J., a missionary in Tibet ( 7 3-21 ). Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, 567-767, I938.

Pelliot, Paul. La Haute Asie. 37 p., 21 illus. (Brochure publiee a l'occasion de la mission Ci- troen Centre-Asie). Paris, l'Edition artistique.

Reviewed by HENRI BERNARD, Monumenta Serica, I, 203, I935-36.

Stail-Holstein, A. von. On the sexagenary cycle of the Tibetans. Monumenta Serica, I, 277-314, 2 pls., I935-36.

EASTERN ASIA (including works relative to the whole of Buddhist Asia, or to India, Central and

Eastern Asia combined)

Collis, Maurice. The land of the Great Image. ix+264 p., pls., maps. New York, Knopf, 1943.

Reviewed by MARK GRAUBARD, Isis, 35, 37-39, 1944.

De Terra, Hellmut; Movius, Hallam L., Jr. Research on early man in Burma. With supplementary reports upon the Pleistocene vertebrates and mollusks of the region by EDWIN H. COL- BERT and J. BEQUAERT, and Pleistocene geology and early man in Java by HELLMUT DE TERRA. Transactions of the American Philosophical So- ciety, 32, 265-464, 1943.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis, 35, 39- 40o 1944.

Heine-Geldern, Robert. A survey of studies on Southeast Asia at American universities and colleges. 34 p. New York, East Indies Institute of America, I943.

Janse, Olov R. T. The peoples of French Indo- china. 28 p., 25 pls. (Smithsonian Institution, War Background Studies, 19). Washington, Smithsonian Institution, I944.

9. INDIA

Chakravarti, S. N. Development of the Bengali alphabet from the fifth century A.D. to the end of the Muhammadan rule. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, 35I-91, I938.

Elwin, Verrier. The Agaria. With a foreword by SARAT CHANDRA RoY. xxvi+q292 p., 44 illus., 36 pls., 5 maps. Calcutta, Oxford Uni- versity Press, Indian Branch, 1942 (Rs. I2.8).

"The Agaria are the blacksmiths and ironsmelters of the Central Provinces of India: a small and scattered people, living in the lovely Maikal hills and the lonely zamindaris of Bilaspur. This book can be regarded as supplementary to VERRIER ELWIN'S previous book The Baiga. There he described very fully an attitude to sex, systems of magic, schemes of primitive jurisprudence and a policy for the future which would apply equally to any of the tribes inhabiting the Maikal Range. In spite however of the similarity of custom shared by the Agaria with other tribes they have a distinctive and vig- orous life of their own. Their totemistic customs are highly developed and of great significance. Their mythology is striking, and controls and vitalizes to an unusual degree the material culture of the tribe. They have their own special contribution to magic."

This volume is a substantial contribution not only to Indian ethnography but also to the study of early metal- lurgy. The author explains the technique of those primitive blacksmiths (p. I69-22I) and their magical beliefs. Here is a people, says the author, "that lived every moment of their lives for an ancient craft and by a living myth. This marriage of myth and craft, which is the central theme of the book, gives the Agaria great significance." The foreword was written by SARAT CHAN- DRA ROY, "the father of Indian ethnography," a short time before his death. G. S.

Gilbert, William H., Jr. Peoples of India. 86 p., 21 pis., 3 maps (Smithsonian Institution, War

253



9. India to Io. China

Background Studies, I8). Washington, D. C., Smithsonian Institution, 1944.

Hartner, Willy. The pseudoplanetary nodes of the moon's orbit in Hindu and Islamic iconog- raphies. A contribution to the history of ancient and medieval astrology. Ars Islamica) 5, II3- 54, 38 figs., 1938.

Some of the ancient oriental astrologers took nine planets into account, adding to the seven real ones the two nodes of the moon's orbit. HARTNER proves this with an abundance of illustrations. The promotion of nodes to planetary rank took place probably in India about the sixth century. AL-BIRuNI expressly stated that the nodes were not real planets, yet treated them as such in his astrology. G. S.

Kincaid, C. A. The romance of the Indian calendar. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 255-59, 1943.

Przyluski, J. Dragon chinois et Naga indien. Monumenta Serica, 3, 602-10, 1938.

Sengupta, P. C. Some astronomical references from the Mahabharata and their significance. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 3, IOI-I9, 1937.

"We have thus come to the most definite conclusion that the Bharata battle did actually take place in -2526 of Saka era or 2449 B.C."

Sengupta, P. C. Bharata-battle traditions. Jour- nal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, 393-413, I938.

"There are three traditions as to the date of Bharata battle, viz., (i) the ARYABHATA tradition that it was fought in 3102-3o10 B.C., (2) the Vrddha Garga tradition that the Yudhisthira era began from 2449 B.C., and (3) the Puranic tradition or traditions which vari- ously state that the time-interval between the birth of PARIKSIT and the accession of MAHAPADMA NANDA was either 1,OI05 I,050, I,II5 or even I,500 years."

Sengupta, P. C. Madhu-Vidya or the science of spring. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, 435-43, I938.

"I trust it is established that the civilization of the Vedic Hindus was earlier than that of the Indus Valley as evidenced by the remains at Mohenjo-Daro."

Sengupta, P. C. Solstice days in Vedic literature. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, 415-34, I938.

"In this paper it is proposed to examine first if the Vedic Hindus knew of any method for determining the day of the winter or of the summer solstice, and secondly to interpret the various statements as to the solstice days as found in Vedic literature and to determine the ap- proximate dates in Vedic chronology as indicated by these statements. . . ." "We have established that there was a standard month of Magha in their statements of

the solstice days in successive ages, and we have found out a chronological ladder extending from 3550 B.C. to 2 oo B.C. during which the class of Sanskrit literature known as the Brahmanas was developed."

Sengupta, P. C. When Indra became Mag- havan. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, 445-53, I938.

Sengupta, P. C. The solar eclipse in the Rgveda and the date of ATRI. Journal Royal Asiatic So-

ciety of Bengal, Letters, 7, 91-II3, 194I. "The time of the solar eclipse spoken of in the R.gveda

is thus obtained as July 26 of 3928 B.C. This date at once settles the time of ATRI, the observer of this eclipse."

Sengupta, P. C. Time indications in the Baud- hayana grauta Sftra. Journal Royal Asiatic So-

ciety of Bengal, Letters, 7, 207-14, I94I. "We are led to conclude that the mean date for the

Baudhayana rules for sacrifices should be taken as the year 887-86 B.C."

I0. CHINA

Bernard, Henri (S.J.). Les etapes de la carto-

graphie scientifique pour la Chine et les pays voisins, depuis le XVIe jusqu'a la fin du XVIIIe siecle. Monumenta Serica, I, 428-77, 2 pls., I935-36.

Cheng Tso-hsin. Compendium of terms in general biology and botany (in Chinese). Fukien Christian University, Shaowu, Fukien, 1942.

Listed in Quarterly Bull. Chinese Bibliogr., 3, 76, 1943.

Davis, Tenney L.; Chao Yiin-ts'ung. CHAO HSUJEH-MIN'S outline of pyrotechnics. A contribution to the history of fireworks. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 75, 95-107, I943.

CHAO HSUEH-MIN flourished in the period 1736-96. His Huo-hsi liieh (outline of pyrotechnics) was written in 1753 or before. English translation with notes. G. S.

Davis, Tenney L. The Chinese beginnings of alchemy. Endeavour, 2, I54-60, 4 figs., I943.

De Francis, John. The alphabetization of Chi- nese. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 63, 225-40, I943.

Drake, F. S. Nestorian monasteries of the T'ang dynasty and the site of the discovery of the Nes- torian tablet. Monumenta Serica, 2, 293-340, 4 maps, 1936-37.

Eberhard, W. Untersuchungen an astronomischen Texten des chinesischen Tripitaka. Monumenta Serica, 5, 208-62, I940.

254



Koster, Hermann. The Palace Museum of Pei- ping. Monumenta Serica, 2, I67-90, I936-37.

Lin Mou-sheng. Men and ideas, an informal history of Chinese political thought. xiv+256 p. New York, John Day, I942.

Reviewed by DERK BODDE, The Far Eastern Quarterly, 2, 308-10, 1942.

Needham, Joseph. Science in Western Szechuan. I. Physico-chemical sciences and technology. Nature, 152, 343-45, 372-74, 1943-

Needham, Joseph. Science and technology in the North-West of China. Nature, 153, 238-41, 1944-

Needham, Joseph. Chungking industrial and mining exhibition. Nature, 153, 672-75, illus., 1944-

Ou Itai. Essai critique et blibliographique sur le roman chinois. Preface de FORTUNAT STROWSKI. I92 p. Paris, Vega, I933.

Reviewed by ERNST SCHIERLITZ, Monumenta Serica, 2, 245-47, I936-37.

Pfister, Louis (S.J.). Notices biographiques et bibliographiques sur les Jesuites de l'ancienne mission de Chine (1552-1773). T. I, XVIe & XVIIe siecles, xvi+562 p., I932. T. II, XVIIIe siecle. x+547 p., 1934. (Varietes sinologiques, 59 et 60). Shanghai, Imprimerie de la mission catholique. 1932-34.

Reviewed by HENRI BERNARD, Monunmenta Serica, i, 208-10, I935-36.

Quarterly Bulletin of Chinese Bibliography. (Eng- lish edition). Vol. II, nos. 1-2, June, I941; Vol. III, nos. 1-2, March-June, 1943.

Copies reprinted by permission, for distribution outside of China, by the Committees on Far Eastern Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Committee on Intellectual Cooperation with China, 21 9 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington 6, D. C. The articles of special interest to our readers are listed in their proper places in this bibliography. The Quarterly Bulletin proves the amount and intensity of literary and scientific work done in China to-day in spite of the merciless Japanese invasion. G. S.

Rowbotham, Arnold H. Missionary and man- darin: the Jesuits at the court of China. xi+374 p. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1942.

Reviewed by K. S. LATOURETTE, The Far Eastern Quarterly, 2, 327-29, 1942.

Schierlitz, Ernst. Zur Technik der Holztypen- drucke aus dem Wu-ying-tien in Peking. Mo- numenta Serica, I, 17-38, 8 figs., I935-36.

Fang Hao. Introduction of Latin language into China. (In Chinese). National Chekiang Uni- versity, Tsunyi, Kweichow, 194I.

Reviewed in Quarterly Bull. Chinese Bibliog., 3, 64, I943.

Ferguson, John C. Chinese foot measure. Mo- numenta Serica, 6, 357-82, illus., I941.

Franke, Wolfgang. The younger generation of German Sinologists. Monumenta Serica, 5, 437- 46, I940.

Fuchs, Walter. Materialien zur Kartographie der Mandju-Zeit. II. Monumenta Serica 3, I89-23I, 6 maps, 1938.

Goodrich, L. Carrington. Early notices of the peanut in China. Monumenta Serica, 2, 405-09, I936-37.

"One may conclude with Dr. LAUFER that the peanut certainly arrived in the province of Fukien during the early part of the 17th century, probably sometime before I6o8, and that by the middle decades of the century its cultivation was general in the south-eastern provinces."

Herrmann, Albert. Ta-ch'in oder das China des fernen Westens. Eine historisch-geographische Untersuchung. Monumenta Serica, 6, 212-72, I map, I941.

Hoeppli, R.; I-hung Ch'iang. The origin of human helminths according to old Chinese medical literature. Monumenta Serica, 3, 579-60I, I938.

Hughes, Ernest Richard. Chinese philosophy in classical times. Edited and translated. xliv+ 336 p. London, Dent, I942.

Reviewed by WING-TSIT CHAN, Journal of the Ameri- can Oriental Society, 63, 289-90, 1943.

Hummel, Arthur W. (editor). Eminent Chi- nese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-I9I2). Vol- ume I, A-O, xi+6o4 p. Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, 1943.

Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis, 34, 5I9-22, 1943.

Hummel, Arthur W. Movable type printing in China: a brief survey. Library of Congress, Quarterly Journal of Current Acquisitions, vol. I, no. 2, I8-24, 1944.

Janse, Olov R. T. Notes on Chinese influences in the Philippines in pre-Spanish times. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 8, 34-62, I7 pls., 2 figs., I944.

Kitamura Sawakichi. Quintessence of the science of Ju. Monumenta Serica, 3, 25 7-74, 1938.

The Ju tao, or Ju hsiieh, or Ju chiao is Confucianism. G. S.

I o. China 255



io. China to I2. Israel

Schierlitz, Ernst. Das Wen-yiian-ko der Ming- zeit. Materialien zu einer Geschichte der chinesischen Palastbibliotheken. Monumenta Serica, 3, 528-64, 2 figs., 1938.

Schnusenberg, P. A.; Mittler, P. Th. Termi- nologia philosophica latino-sinica. Editio tertia. ix+678 p. Shantung, Missio catholica Yenchow- fu, 1935.

Reviewed by H. K6STER, Monumenta Serica, , 51 1- 13, 1935-36.

Schwarz, E. H. L. The Chinese connection with Africa. Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters, 4, I75-93, I938-

Thierry, Joannes Baptista. Catalogus Biblio- thecae Domus Pe-Tang Congregationis Missionis Pekini Sinarum 1862. Monumenta Serica, 4, 605-I5, 1939-40-

Tsui Chi. A short history of Chinese civilization. With a preface by LAURENCE BINYON. xix+ 388 p., maps. New York, Putnam, I943.

Van den Brandt, Fre. J. La bibliotheque du Pe-t'ang. Notes historiques. Monumenta Serica, 4, 6i6-2I, I939-40.

Verhaeren, H. La Bibliotheque chinoise du Pet'ang. Monumenta Serica, 4, 622-26, 1939- 40.

Wilbur, Clarence Martin. Slavery in China during the former Han dynasty, 206 B.C.-A.D. 25. 490 p., 2 pls., map. (Publications of Field Museum of Natural History, Anthropological series, 34). Chicago, Field Museum of Natural

History, 1943. Reviewed by E. A. KRACKE, Jr., American Historical

Review, 49, 291-92 1944.

Yap Pow-meng. Some observations on the development of science in China. Asiatic Review, 40, 226-29, 1944.

Yap Pow-meng. The place of science in China. 24 p. London, China Campaign Committee

(n.d., received June I944).

II. JAPAN

Harada, Jiro. A glimpse of Japanese ideals. Lec- tures on Japanese art and culture. xvii+239 p., plates. Tokyo, The Society for International Cultural Relation; New York, Dodd, Mead, 1938.

Lectures delivered in American universities and museums, admirably illustrated with 145 plates, some of

them in color. The third lecture is an excellent summary of Japanese archaeology, a branch of prehistoric research originated in I877 by the American zoologist, EDWARD SYLVESTER MORSE (Isis, 34, 372). Other lectures are devoted to the No drama, to Cha-no-yu, to lacquer, etc. Chinese characters are given in the index. Elaborate knowledge of the subject combined with poetic feeling has enabled the author to explain the most beautiful and lovely aspects of his country. There are other aspects, not so beautiful and not so lovely, which he has omitted. His account is well informed but sanctimonious; he re- minds us of a missionary who would describe a Christian country, as if its inhabitants were all of them Christian saints. G. S.

12. ISRAEL (including works devoted to Palestine)

Albright, W. F. Archaeology and the religion of Israel. xii+238 p. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1942.

Reviewed by SOLOMON GANDZ, Isis, 34, 522-23, 1943.

Albright, W. F. The Gezer calendar. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 92, 16-26, 2 figs., 1943-

Altmann, Alexander. Gnostic themes in Rab- binic cosmology. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 19-32, London, I942.

Amador de los Rios, Jose (1818-1878). Es- tudios historicos, politicos y literarios sobre los Judios de Espaina. xxxii+627 p. Buenos Aires, Solar, 1942.

Reviewed by ALDO MIELI, Archeion, 25, 282-85, 1943.

Baron, Salo W. The Jewish community. Its history and structure to the American revolution. 3 vols. xxx+ 1312 p. Philadelphia, Jewish Pub- lication Society of America, 1942.


Birnbaum, Salomo. Jewish languages. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ, 5 1-67, London, I942.

Drachman, Bernard. The so-called "science" movements and their relation to Judaism. Essays in honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. HERTZ,

13I-44, London, 1942. Apropos of the conversion of many American Jews to

"Christian Science" and the beginning of a "Jewish Sci- ence" movement in New York in 1922.

Elbogen, Ismar ( 874-1943). A century of Jewish life. xliii+ 84 p. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America, I944 ($3.00).

This is a supplement to GRAETZ'S History of the Jews, worthy of the main work. The author was born in Schildberg (Posen) in 1874 and educated in Breslau; he

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taught Jewish history and Bible in Florence, then in the Lehranstalt, Berlin (1922-33), finally in four Jewish American institutions. He was a great scholar and pro- lific writer and his posthumous work is a magnificent climax to forty-five years of devotion. It tells the history of Jews all over the world from 1848 on, that is, for almost a full century. The account is restrained, wise, and very well documented. There is a good index; the only blemish is the printing of the footnotes at the back of the volume where they cannot be read easily and are most likely to be disregarded. We may recall on this occasion that the great work of HEINRICH GRAETZ was translated into English and published by the same firm (6 vols., 1891-98, reprinted I94I). G. S.

Epstein, Louis M. Marriage laws in the Bible and in the Talmud. x+362 p. (Harvard Semitic series, I2). Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Uni-

versity Press, 1942. Reviewed by SOLOMON GANDZ, Isis, 35, 41-42, 1944.

Guillaume, A. Magical terms in the Old Testa- ment. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25 1-

54, 1943-

Macht, David I. A pharmacological note on Proverbs XXIII.32 and Isaiah LIX.5. Bulletin

of the History of Medicine, 15, 359-74, 4 figs., I944.

Neuman, Abraham A. The Je-ws in Spain. Their social, political and cultural life during the Middle Ages. Two volumes. Vol. I: A political- economic study, xxxi+286 p., 7 pls. Vol. II: A social-cultural study, 4I2 p., 8 pls. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1942.


Resnikoff, Louis A. Jewish calendar calcula- tions. Scripta Mathematica, 9, I91-95, I943.

Roth, Cecil. A history of the Jews in England. xii+306 p. Oxford, I941.

Reviewed by JACOB R. MARCUS, Jewish Quarterly Re- view, 34, 483-86, I944.

Scholem, Gershom G. Major trends in Jewish mysticism. xiv+440 p. (Hilda Stich Stroock Lectures, 4th series). New York, Jewish Insti- tute of Religion, I941.


Swanson, John H. Evidence of scurvy among ancient Hebrews. Bulletin of the History of Med- icine, I5, 352-58, I944.

White, William Charles. Chinese Jews. A compilation of matters relating to the Jews of

K'aifeng Fu. Part I, Historical, xxi+ 21 p., 31 figs., 5 maps. Part 2, Inscriptional, xiii+I84 p., 29 figs. Part 3, Genealogical, xiii+226 p., 33

figs. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, I942.

The author of this sumptuous publication spent forty years in China, twenty-five of them in K'ai feng fu, when he was bishop of Honan. K'ai feng harbored the main Jewish colony in China, and he learned to love and know it well. His book is a corpus of all the information available on Chinese Jews. Vol. I contains also two articles on Chinese Muslims. It is a very curious fact that while the Muslim communities have prospered and increased considerably, the Jewish one is on the verge of extinction. There were c. 1935-36 more than 48 million Muslims in China, and some 4 million Christians (vol. I, 202). Chinese annals seldom mention Jews (vol. 3, 7), and the Chinese Jews produced no literature of their own. The earliest western account of Chinese Jews is that of Father MATTEO RICCI ( 605 ); for other western accounts, see vol. i (p. 26-28). The books are very well illustrated, many of the monuments represented being kept in the Royal Ontario Museum (the author is the keeper of its very rich East Asiatic section). Vol. 2 describes elaborately the Chinese-Jewish inscriptions of the K'ai feng synagogue, dated 1489, 5I12, 1663, and i679, plus many undated ones, and the Hebrew writings coming from the same synagogue. Vol. 3 is devoted to the study of the Chinese Hebrew MS of K'ai feng fu, a register of the Jewish congregation in 1660-70, now kept in Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati. The surviv- ing Jewish families of K'ai feng are described and pho- tographed. G. S.

14. ISLAM (also Arabia)

Amin, Ahmad. History of early Islamic thought. Chinese translation by 'ABD AL-RAHMAN NA- CHUNG. Commercial Press, Shanghai, 1942 (?).

Listed in Quarterly Bull. Chinese Bibliography, 3, 57, I943.

Caskel, Werner. Arabic inscriptions in the collection of the Hispanic Society of America. Trans- lated from the German by BEATRICE GILMAN PROSKE. xiii+44 p., 60 ills. (Hispanic Notes & Monographs). New York, Hispanic Society, 1936 ($i.oo).

The Hispanic Society has a collection of 5I stones with Arabic inscriptions, 42 of which come from Al- meria. None of these Almeria inscriptions was recorded by LEVI-PROVENSAL (1931) in his total of 37. They date from 312/924 to 528/1133, plus one piece of 718/I318; some of the undated inscriptions may be more recent. G. S.

Corkill, N. L. Snake specialists in Iraq. Iraq, 6, 45-52, I939-

Faris, Nabih Amin (editor). The Arab heritage. By PHILIP K. HITTI, GIORGIO LEVI DELLA

VIDA, JULIAN OBERMANN, GUSTAVE E. VON

GRUNEBAUM, NABIH AMIN FARIS, JOHN L. LAMONTE, HENRY L. SAVAGE, EDWARD J. JURJI and RICHARD ETTINGHAUSEN. xi+279

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4. Islam to New World

p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1944 ($3.00).

This volume is not as comprehensive nor as well bal- anced as its predecessor in the Legacy Series of the Ox- ford University Press, but it contains a fine collection of essays written by competent scholars. So much so that it will suffice to indicate its contents: PHILIP K. HITTI: America and the Arab heritage. GIORGIO LEVI DELLA VIDA: Pre-Islamic Arabia. JULIAN OBERMANN: Islamic origins: a study in background and foundation. GUSTAVE E. VON GRUNEBAUM: Growth and structure of Arabic poetry A.D. 5oo-iooo. NABIH AMIN FARIS: AL-GHAZ- ZALI. JOHN L. LAMONTE: Crusade and Jihad. HENRY L. SAVAGE: Fourteenth century Jerusalem and Cairo through Western eyes. EDWARD J. JURJI: The course of Arab scientific thought. RICHARD ETTINGHAUSEN: The character of Islamic art. Index.

The main defect of this valuable book is its tenden- tious and disingenuous title. The main bond of the culture to the praise of which the book is devoted was linguistic, and one never speaks of the Arab language, but of the Arabic language. The word Arab has a racial or national connotation, which is here highly misleading. The Muslim heritage is great, the Arabic one is immense, while the Arab one amounts to very little. This has been explained with the utmost vigor by the greatest Arabic historian, IBN KHALDUN. The Arabic language was international, interracial, and interreligious to a high degree; its use was more diffused than that of Latin, for Latin, though spoken by non-Latin (non-Romanic) peoples, was restricted to Catholics, while Arabic was spoken and written not only by Muslims, but also by Jews and Christians. A political historian might call that culture Muslim, because its rulers were almost exclusively Muslims, but even he would not call it Arab, because the rulers were, as often as not, non-Arabs, Per- sians, Turks, Berbers, etc. The cultural historian prefers to say Arabic rather than Muslim, because many of the cultural achievements, and especially the fundamental ones, were due to Jews and Christians. However, the term Muslim would be less delusive than the term Arab. AL-RAZI, AL-FARGHANI, IBN SINA, AL-BIRUNI, AL- GHAZZALI, OMAR KHAYYAM and a good many other intellectual leaders were no more Arab than I am. G. S.

Hitti, Philip K. The Arabs. A short history. ix+ 224 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, I943.

Reviewed by SOLOMON GANDZ, Isis, 35, 42-43, I944.

Levi della Vida, G. Dominant ideas in the formation of Islamic culture. The Crozer Quarterly, 2I, 207-I6, 1944.

Ocaina Jimenez, M. Notas sobre cronologia his- panomusulmana. Al-Andalus, 8, 333-8I, I943.

Quadri, Goffredo. La filosofia degli arabi nel suo fiore. Vol. I. Dalle origini fino ad AVERROE. Vol. II, II pensiero filosofico di AVERROE. 279 p.; 203 p. Firenze, La Nuova Italia, I939.

Reviewed by MANUEL ALONSO ALONSO (S.J.), Al- Andalus, 490-92, I943.

Sanchez-Albornoz, Claudio. Espafia y el Islam. 206 p. Buenos Aires, Editorial Sudamericana, I943-


Widjojoatmodjo, Raden Abdulkadir. Islam in the Netherlands East Indies. The Far Eastern

Quarterly, 2, 48-57, 1942.

Worrell, W. H. An interesting collection. Scripta mathematica, 9, 195-96, 1943.

Apropos of the Arabic "intermediate books" (muta- wassitat) between geometry and astronomy, and the collection recently published in Hyderabad, 1939-40.

G. S.

Worrell, W. H. The terminology of Arabic gonio- metrical works. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 3, 91-I00, 7 figs., I944.

Zwemer, Samuel M. The clergy and priesthood of Islam. Moslem World, 34, 17-39, I pl., 1944-

IV. NEW WORLD AND AFRICA

(a) AMERICA

Ackernecht, Erwin H. "White Indians." Psy- chological and physiological peculiarities of white children abducted and reared by North American Indians. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I 5, 15-36, 4 figs., I944.

Colton, Harold S. "Troy Town" on the Hopi Mesas. Scientific Monthly, 5 8, 129-34, 1944.

An intricate labyrinth, called "Troy Town" in Eng- land and found also on Cretan coins, Scandinavian monuments, medieval cathedrals, etc., has been found on the Hopi Mesas. The author is unable to date the American figures before the coming of the Spaniards. The Indians possibly copied the maze from Europeans.

C.Z.

[Carnegie Institution]. Contributions to American Anthropology and History, vol. 8, nos. 40-43. 260 p., illus. Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton, Publication 546, I943 ($3.50).

Containing four important contributions, as follows: The Archaeology of Southwestern Campeche, by E. WYLLYS ANDREWS; Explorations in the Motagua Val- ley, Guatemala, by A. L. SMITH and A. V. KIDDER; The Astronomical Tables of the Maya, by MAUD WORCESTER MAKEMSON; and The Mercado, Chichen Itza, Yucatan, by KARL RUPPERT. The many diagrams, figures, and plates add greatly to the value of the volume, which constitutes yet another demonstration of the remarkably high development which Maya culture had reached. Dr. MAKEMSON'S analysis of the astronomical

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New World

tables is very convincing of the fact that what Maya astronomers sought was not exact prediction of the times when astronomical phenomena occurred, except when these coincided with certain significant days in which they were particularly interested. M. F. A. M.

Dutilly, Artheme. An inexhaustible source of linguistic knowledge. Proceedings of the Ameri- can Philosophical Society, 87, 403-06, I944.

About Indian languages of Northern tribes.

Fester, Gustavo A. Los colorantes del antiguo Peru. Archeion, 25, I95-96, I943.

Fewkes, Vladimir J. Catawba pottery-making, with notes on Pamunkey pottery-making, Chero- kee pottery-making, and coiling. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 88, 69-124, 33 figs., 1944.

Hagen, Victor Wolfgang von. The Aztec and Maya papermakers. With an introduction by DARD HUNTER. 115 p., 32 pls. New York, Augustin, 1943.

Essay review by PHILIP AINSWORTH MEANS, Isis, 35, I3-I5, I944.

Heizer, Robert F. Aconite poison whaling in Asia and America: an Aleutian transfer to the New World. Anthropological Papers, no. 24. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, I33, 415-68, pls. I8-23A, Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1943.

"In this paper I propose to discuss a subject which on its own merits deserves specific treatment, and in addition has the value of presenting new evidence bearing on the important problem of the interchange of culture between Asia and America via the Aleutian Island chain."

Heizer, Robert F. The use of the enema by the aboriginal American Indians. Ciba Symposia, 5, I686-93, illus., I944.

Makemson, Maud Worcester. The astronomical tables of the Maya. (Contributions to American Anthropology and History, no. 42). Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 546, I83-22I, I fig., 1943.

Means, Philip Ainsworth. Peruvian textiles. Examples of the pre-Incaic period. With a chronology of early Peruvian cultures. Introduction by JOSEPH BRECK. 27 p., 24 pls. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, I930.

Metraux, Alfred. Le shamanisme araucan. 53 p. Tucuman, Revista del Instituto de Antropo- logia de la Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, II, I942.

Reviewed by ERWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 139-40, I944.

Montagu, M. F. Ashley; Peterson, C.. Ber- nard. The earliest account of the association of human artifacts with fossil mammals in North America. Proceedings of the American Philo-

sophical Society, 87, 407-I9, 1944. "The discoveries of human artifacts associated with

the remains of fossil animals, claimed to have been made by ALBERT KOCH in I839, have long been discredited. In this paper the evidence is resurveyed in the light of modern discoveries and knowledge, and it is concluded that it is highly probable that KOCH actually made the discoveries which he claimed to have made. It is shown that it is not only highly probable that he discovered human artifacts in association with mastodon remains, but that it is also probable that he discovered such artifacts in association with the remains of the fossil ground sloth, Mylodon harlani. Finally, evidence is adduced which suggests that KOCH was also the first discoverer of Folsom type points."

Osborn, Chase S.; Osborn, Stellanova. SCHOOLCRAFT - LONGFELLOW - HIAWATHA.

700 p., illus. Lancaster, Pa., Jaques Cattell Press, I942.

Osgood, Cornelius; Howard, George D. An archeological survey of Venezuela. Yale Uni-

versity Publications in Anthropology: No. 27, An

archeological survey of Venezuela, by CORNELIUS OsGOOD and GEORGE D. HOWARD, 153 p., I5 pls., 27 figs.; No. 28, Excavations at Ronquin, Venezuela, by GEORGE D. HOWARD, 90 p., 7 pls., I I figs.; No. 29, Excavations at Tocoron, Vene-

zuela, by CORNELIUS OSGOOD, 70 p., 16 pls., 16

figs. New Haven, Yale University Press, I943 ($3.50).

"Venezuela is a region of great importance archeologi- cally since it lies like the connecting bar of an H between the main migration routes along the west coast of the Americas and the paths of later movements along the eastern part of South America and out through the Antilles. It is a country of interlacing cultural influences extending across broad reaches of savannas from the high Andes to tropical jungles and from cactus coated coastlands to the rich river valleys of the Orinoco water- shed. In 1933, work was conducted in the vicinity of the beautiful Lake Valencia as a part of the Caribbean Anthropological Program of Yale University. The opportunity to continue research in Venezuela during 1941-42 came through the Institute of Andean Research with financial support from the Coordinator of Inter- American Affairs, headed by Mr. NELSON ROCKEFELLER. The present volume includes the reports in the Vene- zuelan section of Project Five of the Institute."

Roys, Ralph L. The Indian background of colonial Yucatan. viii+244 p., 23 illus., 4 maps. Washington, Carnegie Institution, Publication 548, I943.

"The studies contained in this volume have been made with the purpose of providing a background for the

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New World to 16. History of Science

history of the conquest of Yucatan and of the colonial period which followed. The events of the conquest can be explained only by taking into account the part played by the native population; and the same is true of the subsequent political and social development. The latter resulted in the gradual evolution of a Hispano-Indian civilization, in which not only the Indians but also the great majority of people of mixed blood speak Maya, not Spanish, in their homes at the present time. An attempt is made here to draw a very general picture of Yucatecan Maya civilization as the Spaniards found it at the time of the conquest, since the archaeological remains indicate that this aspect of their culture differed somewhat from their earlier civilization. This survey is accompanied by a short bibliographical sketch of the principal sources for the ethnology and history of the Maya of Yucatan and their neighbors. A complete bibliography of the authorities which have been consulted in the preparation of this study will be found in the list of references." Our readers will be especially interested in the chapters on religion (p. 7 -83), science and learning (p. 84-97). Excellent maps. G. S.

Strong, Wm. Duncan. Cross sections of New World prehistory. A brief report on the work of the Institute of Andean Research, 1941-1942. 46 p., 33 pls. (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections, 104). Washington, D. C., Smithsonian Institution, 1943.

Swanton, John R. The quipu and Peruvian civilization. (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology). Anthropological papers, no. 26, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, I33, 587-96, 1943.

Wheelwright, Mary C. Navajo creation myth. The story of the emergence, by HASTEEN KLAH.

238 p. (Navajo Religion Series, vol. I). Santa Fe, New Mexico, Museum of Navajo Cere- monial Art, 1942.

(b) OCEANIA

Dodge, Ernest S. Gourd growers of the South Seas. An introduction to the study of the Lage- naria gourd in the culture of the Polynesians. xiii+II9 p., I table, 33 pls. (The Gourd So- ciety of America, Ethnographical series, no. 2). Salem, Peabody Museum, I943.

This is the second volume in the Ethnographical Series of the Gourd Society of America (until I941 the New England Gourd Society). The first volume-and a most interesting one it was - was Dr. FRANK G. SPECK'S Gourds of the Southeastern Indians, 1941. The present volume is a pioneer work of great value in that for the first time it brings together the widely scattered data relating to the culture and uses of the gourd in Polynesia. A task all the more valuable since the use of the gourd has practically disappeared from the whole of Polynesia. In Polynesia the gourd served every use that pottery elsewhere served, for in Polynesia there is no clay and

hence the manufacture of pottery was impossible. The gourd provided a ready-made natural substitute, all one had to do was to grow it, and by special attention it could be made to assume a variety of shapes while still in process of growing, while the fully mature gourd could be remodeled closer to the heart's desire with the expenditure of very little labor. Mr. DODGE describes the distribution of gourd culture, the types of gourds, gives figures of many of them now in museums and private collections, and he also provides illustrations of some of the beautiful designs which were carved upon these beautiful pots and pans provided by a bountiful nature. Mr. DODGE and the Gourd Society of America are to be congratulated upon the publication of this important monograph. M. F. A. M.

Layard, John. Stone men of Malekula. Vao. xxiii+8I6 p., ill., pl. London, Chatto & Windus, I942.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis, 35, 43- 44, I944.

(c) AFRICA (outside Egypt and Islam)

Githens, Thomas S.; Wood, Carroll E., Jr. The food resources of Africa. iv+Io5 p., 24 figs. (African Handbooks, 3). Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, University Museum, 1943.

Wieschhoff, H. A. Concepts of abnormality among the Ibo of Nigeria. Journal of the Ameri- can Oriental Society, 63, 262-72, I943.

PART III

SYSTEMA TIC CLASSIFICATION

I. SCIENCE IN GENERAL

I 6. HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Babini, Jose. La historia de la ciencia como dis- ciplina cientifica. Archeion, 25, IOI-07, 1943.

Dale, Sir Henry. The Royal Society and its homes. Nature, 152, 649-51, 1943.

Dampier, Sir William Cecil. A shorter history of science. x+90o p., 9 pls. Cambridge, Uni- versity Press, 1944.

Reviewed by A. D. RITCHIE, Nature, 154, 3, 1944.

Heyl, Paul R. The genealogical tree of modern science. American Scientist, 32, 135-44, 1944.

A sketch of the origins of science.

Higgins, Thomas James. Book-length biogra- phies of physicists and astronomers. American Journal of Physics, 12, 31-39, 1944.

260



i6. History of Science to i9. Logic

[History of Science Society]. Statutes of the History of Science Society 1944. Isis, 35, 51-52, 1944.

[History of Science Society]. Administrative documents. Report of the Secretary-Treasurer for 1942. Isis, 34, 532-34, 1943.

Howarth, O. J. R. The British Association. En- deavour, 3, 57-61, 4 figs., 1944.

Koyre, Alexandre. Traduttore-traditore. A propos de Copernic et de Galilee. Isis, 34, 209- o0, 1943.


Sarton, George. Sixth preface to volume XXXIV. Defence of the history of science (Philadelphia 1940). Isis, 34, 465-66, I943.

Introductory remarks made by the Chairman of the section on the History of Science, at the Bicentennial Conference of the University of Pennsylvania (Monday, Sept. 16, 1940, not I94 ). The lectures delivered before that section were published by the University of Pennsyl- vania Press, I941 (Isis, 34, 226).

Sarton, George. Sixty-fifth Critical Bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the

history of civilization (to December 1943). Isis, 35, 53-94, I944.

Shryock, Richard H. The need for studies in the history of American science. Isis, 35, 10-13, 1944-

Tchemerzine, Avenir. Bibliographie d'ouvrages sur les sciences et les arts edites aux XVe et XVIe siecles avec 1500 reproduction de titres-figures et colophons. i60 p. Courbevoie (Seine), Anc. Editions Poulalion, I933.

This volume, apparently the first of a series, contains a large amount of facsimiles under the following head- ings: ALDEBRANDIN, ARNALDUS DE VILLA NOVA, BAR- THELEMI L'ANGLAIS, BARTHOLOMAEUS ANGLICUS DE GLANVILLA, PIERRE DE CRESCENS, compost et kalendrier.

18. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Born, Max. Experiment and theory in physics. iv+44 p. Cambridge University Press, I943.

This paper, published in 1943, was not sent to me, and I discovered it accidentally a short time ago. It is truly admirable. A summary of it is out of the question, for it is very condensed. Let me quote one of the final paragraphs, "I believe that there is no philosophical highroad in science, with epistemological signposts. No, we are in a jungle and find our way by trial and error, building our road behind us as we proceed. We do not find signposts at crossroads, but our own scouts erect them, to help the rest. EDDINGTON'S and MILNE'S ideas

may be such signposts. The difficulty is that they point in opposite directions: Two theories both claiming to be built on a priori principles, but widely different and contradictory." G. S.

Dingle, Herbert. The laws of nature. Nature, 153, 73I-36, 758-63, I944.

Hadamard, Jacques. La science et le monde moderne. Renaissance, I, 523-58, New York, 1943.

Lindsay, Alexander D. Religion, science and society in the modern world. 64 p. (Terry Lectures delivered at Yale University, 1943). London, Oxford University Press, I943.

Reviewed by F. IAN G. RAWLINS, Nature, 153, 150- 51, 1944.

The scientific spirit and democratic faith. Papers from the Conference on The Scientific Spirit and Democratic Faith: held in New York City, May, I943. xii+92 p. New York, King's Crown Press, 1944 ($1.25).

"A clear affirmation regarding democracy and science and their essential interrelation is contained in these thirteen papers originally presented at the first Con- ference on The Scientific Spirit and Democratic Faith. The authors, distinguished philosophers and scientists, took the first steps toward a synthesis which combines science as a search for truth, democracy as the guarantee of liberty, humanism as the source of faith, and education as the means of progress. Believing that science cannot develop into an instrument for human welfare except in an atmosphere of freedom, they have registered a protest against authoritarianism, both that of intellectual sophisticates and that of religious fundamentalists." Contributions by EDUARD C. LINDEMAN, HORACE M. KALLEN, MAX C. OTTO, ARTHUR E. MORGAN, HAROLD A. LARRABEE, MARK A. MAY, Sir RICHARD GREGORY, I. ARNOLD DRESDEN, HENRY MARGENAU, ALFRED MIR-

SKY, RICHARD M. BRICKNER, JEROME NATHANSON, BRAND BLANSHARD, HERBERT W. SCHNEIDER.

Stern, Curt. Peacetime research in wartime - a

report. Science, 99, 278-80, 1944.

Stern, Curt. The journey, not the goal. Scientific Monthly, 58, 96-oo00, 944.

II. FORMAL SCIENCES

(Knowledge of Forms)

19. LOGIC AND THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE

Craik, K. J. W. The nature of explanation. viii+I23 p. Cambridge, University Press; New

York, The Macmillan Co., I943 ($I.50). Dr. CLARK suggests that the nervous system may be

viewed as a calculating machine "capable of modelling or paralleling external events" and "that this process of

26I



19. Logic to 23. Astronomy

paralleling is the basic feature of thought and of explanation. The possessor of a nervous system is thus able to anticipate events instead of making invariable empirical trial." On this theory "neural or other mechanisms can imitate or parallel the behaviour and interaction of physical objects and so supply us with information on physical processes which are not directly observable to us. Our thought, then, has objective validity, because it is not fundamentally different from objective reality but is specially suited for imitating it - it sets no crabbed limit to the attempt of thought to understand and express the universe." The author's last word is "Tentare."

M. F. A. M.

Goudge, Thomas A. Science and symbolic logic. Scripta Mathematica, 9, 69-80, I943.

Kaufmann, Felix. Verification, meaning and truth. Philosophy and Phenomenological Re-

search, 4, 267-83, I943.

20. MATHEMATICS

Belfroid, J. Notes sur les fastes de la mathema-

tique belge. Les Etudes classiques, 8, 367-78, I939.

Boyer, Carl B. Fractional indices, exponents, and powers. National Mathematics Magazine, vol. i8, no. 2, 6 p., I943.

Greenwood, Thomas. Etudes sur la connais- sance mathematique. viii+II2 p., I942. Essais sur la pensee geometrique. I oo p. Ottawa, Uni-

versity of Ottawa, 1942. Reviewed by E. T. WHITTAKER, Nature, 153, 268-

69, i944.

McShane, Edward James. Integration. viii+ 392 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press,

1944 ($6.oo). "The swift development of analysis in the twentieth

century, beginning. with the theory of the LEBESGUE

integral, has been of tremendous mathematical importance. No mathematician today can afford to be ignorant of the modern theories of integration, and it is to the profit of a student of mathematics that he become acquainted with these ideas early in his graduate studies. On the other hand, most of the writings on integration are written by mature mathematicians for mature mathematicians, often in an admirably concise form which is not appreciated by a beginner. This book is written with the hope that it will open a path to the LEBESGUE theory which can be travelled by students of little maturity." "The scheme of introducing the LEBESGUE and LEBESGUE- STIELTJES integral here adopted is a modification of that of DANIELL, the integral appearing as the result of a two-stage generalization of the CAUCHY (or STIELTJES) integral. Perhaps this manifestation of a connection between continuous functions and summable functions may help the beginner to feel at home in the newer theory. There are few historical remarks on the theorems and methods here used and there is practically no bibliog-

raphy. These are not usually of great interest to a beginner, and a student who wishes to continue further into the subject will necessarily read treatises-above all, SAKS' Theory of the Integral - which will furnish bibliographical and historical references."

Sarton, George. The theorem of the bride. Isis, 34, 513, I943.

Shaw, James Byrnie. Occult symmetry. Scrip- ta Mathematica, 9, 129-38, I943.

III. PHYSICAL SCIENCES

(Knowledge of inorganic nature)

22. MECHANICS (Including Celestial and Atomical Mechanics)

Birkhoff, G. D. Newtonian and other forms of gravitational theory. Scientific Monthly, 58, 49-

57, I35-4o, I944. A discussion of Newtonian theory and relativistic

theories including the author's own "perfect fluid."

23. ASTRONOMY

Achelis, Elisabeth. The calendar for everybody. xii+141 p., inserted "Explanatory note." New

York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1943 ($1.50). This is the latest attempt, by the well-known advocate

of The World Calendar, to bring about the adoption of the "equal-quarters" calendar. 91 days X 4=364 days; every year would have December W, an extra Saturday following Saturday, December 3oth; every leap year would have June W, an extra Saturday following Satur- day, June 3oth. See also E. ACHELIS, The World Cal- endar, Addresses and occasional papers chronologically arranged on the progress of calendar reform since 93 o, New York, Putnam, 1937. A. P.

Frick, Bertha M.; Ives, S. A. Calendar reform across eighteen centuries. As shown by source materials available in the Columbia University Library. Journal of Calendar Reform, 13, 130- 38, 181-85, I943.

Karpinski, Louis C. The progress of the Co- pernican theory. Scripta Mathematica, 9, I39- 54, 6 figs., I943.

Khan, Mohd. A. R. Meteoric showers, past and present. 13 p. Reprinted from the Journal of the Osmania University, 3, I935. With numerous notes and additional historical matter, I944.

The preface is dated March 1944. No place is indicated, but the author, President of the Hyderabad Acad- emy, lives in Begumpet, Deccan, India. G. S.

Marshall, Roy K. The planetarium. Parts I-III. Sky and Telescope, vol. 3, no. I, pp. 3-5, I9, ill.,

262



23. Astronomy to 25. Chemistry

Nov., 1943; vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 12-13, ill., Dec., 1943; vol. 3, no. 3, PP. 8-io, ill., Jan., 1944.

Part I reviewed in Nature, 53, I91, 1944.

Walker, George W. Rare dates for Easter. Pop- ular Astronomy, 52, I39-42, I944.

Additions and corrections to A. POGO'S paper, "Un- common Easter dates," Pop. Astr., 51, 254-56, I943. The most unusual Gregorian Easter dates are March 22,

April 25, March 23, March 24, and April 24, in the order given here. A. P.

Walker, George W. Easter reckoning made easy. Popular Astronomy, 52, I73-83, 3 figs., I944.

"The author has accepted the idea of an unpublished cylindrical diagonal table of Golden Numbers communi- cated, in private correspondence, by Dr. ALEXANDER POGO of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and has built himself a mechanical Moon Finder or Easter Cal- culator, which does mechanically, by cylinders and gears, practically all the head work for . . . finding the Easter date."

24. PHYSICS

Born, Max. Experiment and theory in physics. 44 p. Cambridge, University Press; New York, The Macmillan Co., I943 ($0.75).

A lecture delivered by the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh to the Pure Science Society, King's College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, on 21 May 1943. As one would expect from a physicist of Professor BORN'S distinction, his lecture would at the very least be both original and provocative, and so it is. BORN is all for the experimenters in physics. "My ad- vice," he says, "to those who wish to learn the art of scientific prophecy is not to rely on abstract reason, but to decipher the secret language of Nature from Nature's documents, the facts of experience." Most scientists will agree. BORN has the greatest respect for the theorists, but he shows that most of the great thinkers in physics were essentially experimenters and that their theories represented a synthesis of substantial experimental knowledge with an ability to divine which facts are the really important ones or what missing terms in an equation might most elegantly be introduced there. FARADAY'S observations of dielectric, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic properties, for example, remained unresolved and un- synthesized. With the background of experimental knowledge since FARADAY'S day, and with the help of several models, MAXWELL was able with what BORN calls "an amazing act of divination" to formulate the relations between these unresolved properties. The de- cisive term in MAXWELL'S equations was added without proper empirical foundation, but it was far from being an act of "pure thought" (whatever that may mean) as some have been wont to think; it was controlled by a proper respect for the experimental facts, and what many to-day call the operational method, that is, the demand that a physical quantity shall not be defined by verbal reduction to other familiar conceptions, but by prescribing the operations necessary to produce and measure it. In the light of these requirements BORN shows how a

modern theorist, MILNE, defaults. There is much else of extreme interest in this brief but meaty lecture which is here highly recommended to the attention of those who have the right sort of alpha-waves. M. F. A. M.

25. CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

[FERGUSON, JOHN, I837-I916]. Catalogue of the Ferguson collection of books, mainly relating to alchemy, chemistry, witchcraft and gipsies, in the Library of the University of Glasgow. 2 vols., xv+820 p. (Glasgow University Publications). Robert Maclehose, I943. (40 copies issued).

One of the best tools of the historian of chemistry is the Bibliotheca Chemica, a catalogue of the alchemical . . . books in the collection of the late JAMES YOUNG of Kelly and Durris (2 vols., Glasgow I906). That pre- cious catalogue raisonn6 was compiled by JOHN FERGU-

SON, who was also the author of a good many other publications on the history of chemistry. See the excellent bibliography prepared by Miss ELIZABETH H. ALEXAN- DER (1920; Isis, 7, 581), supplement (1934; Isis, 23, 585). It may be added that FERGUSON was one of the promoters of Isis in I9I2. The present volumes contain the catalogue of his own working library; they will be useful to the historian of chemistry though much less so than FERGUSON'S Bibliotheca Chemica. For one thing this is simply an uncritical list, whereas the Bibliotheca Chemica is a scholarly work including an enormous amount of information supplied by the editor. I noticed the presence in the Ferguson Library of Miss ALEXAN- DER'S supplement of 1934 but not of her bibliography of 1920! G. S.

Gamow, G. Mr. Tompkins explores the atom. x+97 p. New York, The Macmillan Co.; Cam- bridge, University Press, 1944 ($2.00).

This book is a sequel to the author's Mr. Tompkins in Wonderland in which he dealt with the mysteries of the relativistic universe in a most whimsically instructive manner. In the present volume the reader is initiated into the mysteries of nuclear physics, in which subject Professor GAMOW is an expert. Mr. Tompkins, the bank clerk, now married to Maud, the Professor's daughter, attends his father-in-law's lectures, and the results are very instructive indeed. The physicist and the general reader will find the trip with Professor GAMOW, or rather, Mr. Tompkins, a profitable and amusing one.

M. F. A. M.

Leggett, William F. Ancient and medieval dyes. vi+94 p. Brooklyn, Chemical Publishing Co., 1944 ($2.25).

A brief account of the origin, history and value of 18 vegetable, 4 animal, and 5 mineral dyes. The use of dyes antedates history: the dyes described here are selected as the more important from perhaps a thousand dyes which have been used at one time or another. The history of each dye is traced down to the time when it had to compete with some modern synthetic stain. The majority of these dyes now have little or no economic value. C. Z.

263



25. Chemistry to 27. Biology

Weeks, Mary Elvira. The discovery of the elements. Commercial Press, Shanghai, 1940. (In Chinese).

Chinese translation of Miss WEEKS' well-known work (Isis, 21, 455). For Chinese title, see Quarterly Bull. of Chinese Bibliography (2, 112, 1941). G. S.

Whittier, Earle 0. Discovery of lactic sugar. Isis, 35, 3I, I944.

26. TECHNOLOGY

(For Mining, see 32. Geology; for Industrial Chem-

istry, 25. Chemistry. See also Arts and Crafts, under 45).

Crew, William H. Pre-Tennysonian thoughts on air transportation. Science, 98, 562-63, 1943.

Milbank, Jeremiah, Jr. The first century of flight in America. An introductory survey. x+ 248 p., 24 pls. Princeton University Press, I943.

Reviewed by J. L. PRITCHARD, Nature, 52, 461-62, I943.

Parker, Charles M. Steel in action. viii+221 p., I6 figs. (Science for War and Peace Series). Lan- caster, Pa., Jaques Cattell Press, 1943 ($2.50).

In addition to current information about the steel industry, trade, manufacture, and distribution, this book contains a chapter on "The Remote Past" in which the history of the manufacture of iron and steel is outlined. HERODOTUS cites the use of iron tools used in the con- struction of the pyramids about 3000 B.C. A dagger blade of wrought iron was found in TUT-ANKH-AMEN'S tomb. The people of India were acquainted with the manufacture of iron and steel 3000 years ago. The swords of Damascus were made from Indian steel. Iron was recorded as made in China about 2200 B.C., and steel swords of fine temper were early made in Japan and Korea. HOMER (850 B.C.) records the manufacture of steel. The victorious Etruscans restricted the use of iron by the Romans to agriculture. Toledo in Spain fur- nished blades for the Roman army, and for centuries Spain was the ironmaster of the world. Refugee Span- iards fleeing from the Moors carried their Catalan forges throughout the mountains of Germany, from which the German iron industry expanded in the 8th century and sent their products to the Annual Fair at Frankfurt. The oldest continuous record (from 1303 A.D.) of iron manufacture is at Norburg, Sweden. The first reference to steel in Britain is in 1267 A.D. The art of making crucible steel was rediscovered in I742. The use of coal in the blast furnace was introduced in 1735, tin plate in 1720, rolling sheet iron in 1728, the conversion of pig iron into wrought iron in 1784. The first iron works was set up in Virginia in 1622 (later destroyed) and in Hammersmith, Mass., in I644. The steel industry in the U. S. in 1942 produced over 85,ooo,ooo tons of steel and has a capitalization of nearly $4,500,000,000.

C. A. K.

IV. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

(Knowledge of organic nature)

27. BIOLOGY

(Generalities, "Natural History")

Birkeland, Jorgen. Microbiology and man. Be- ing an account of the diverse properties and char- acteristics of micro-organisms, a description of the various tools and techniques for their handling, and an inquiry into their subtle relationships to

everyday life. x+478 p. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1942.

Reviewed by R. ST. JOHN-BROOKS, Nature, I52, 674-75) 1943.

Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. Gradation and evolution. Isis, 35, 15-I6, I944.

Davson, Hugh; Danielli, James Frederic. The permeability of natural membranes. With a foreword by E. NEWTON HARVEY. x+36I p. Cambridge, University Press; New York, The Macmillan Co., 1943 ($4.75).

From Prof. E. NEWTON HARVEY'S foreword: "This barrier between the inside and the outside, the inner and external world of each living unit, has been and always must be considered one of the fundamental structures of a cell. No one can fail to be impressed with the great difference in properties of living and dead cells. The dead are completely permeable to diffusible substances, while the living retain one material and pass another. This difference, selective permeability, is so marked that it becomes the surest test to distinguish the living from the dead, holding where all other methods fail. It can truly be said of living cells, that by their membranes ye shall know them." . . . "Cell physiology will be grateful indeed for this summing up of a subject which is destined for rapid development under the stimulus of modern methods of exploring molecular dimensions and molecular arrangement. Viewpoints may differ but the facts remain. These are systematically and logically presented in this timely volume."

Dixon, Malcolm. Manometric methods. With a foreword by Sir F. G. HOPKINS. xiv+ I57 p. New York, The Macmillan Co.; Cambridge, University Press, I943 ($I.75).

This is the first book to describe the various manometric methods of measuring cell respiration and other processes. Both the theory and the practice of manometry is clearly and efficiently explained, so that the work should be readily intelligible to those without any special knowledge of physical chemistry. M. F. A. M.

Herrmann, Heinz. The Aristotelian and the modern unification of the structural and func- tional aspect of living matter. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 391-94, I943.

264



27. Biology to 28. Botany

Jennings, H. S. Biology and social reform. Jour- nal of Social Philosophy, 2, 155-66, I937.

Excellent discussion apropos of ALEXIS CARREL'S popular and prejudiced book, Man the Unknown. G. S.

Kliiver, Heinrich (editor). Visual mechanisms. Biological Symposia, vol. 7. viii+322 p., illus. Lancaster, Pa., Jaques Cattell Press, 1942.

Reviewed by CHARLES A. KOFOID, Isis, 34, 527-28, I943-

Koch, F. C.; Smith, Philip E. (editors). Sex hormones. Vol. IX, Biological Symposia. x+ 146 p., Io figs. Lancaster, Pa., Jaques Cattell Press, 1942.

Reviewed by CHARLES A. KOFOID, Isis, 34, 525, 1943.

Lillie, Ralph S. The psychic factor in living organisms. Philosophy of Science, I0, 262-70, I943.

. .. modern biology recognizes that integration between different types of individual, as seen in the cooper- ative relations between units in human and animal communities (or even between different species of animals or plants), is as much of a factor in survival and evolution as is conflict. The avoidance of useless conflict, and the subordination of individual interests to the interest of the integrated whole which includes the individuals, would thus seem to be rational aims for conscious beings; and these aims have the further sanction of religion when the whole is conceived in its character as ultimate value or deity."

Needham, Joseph. Biochemistry and morpho- genesis. xvi+787 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1942.

Reviewed by JOHN T. EDSALL, Isis, 34, 523-25, 1943.

Seiffert, Gustav. Virus diseases in man, animal and plant. ix+332 p. New York, Philosophical Library, 1944 ($5.00).

Translated from the German by MARION LEE TAYLOR, this work presents a survey of the contemporary literature on virus diseases in man, animal, and plant. There is a useful section on methods of virus investigation. The work should be of considerable value to research workers and others interested in the field. M. F. A. M.

Smallwood, William Martin; Smallwood, Mabel Sarah Coon. Natural history and the American mind. xvii+445 p., Io illus. (Co- lumbia Studies in American Culture). New York, Columbia University Press, I94 .

The title of this book is somewhat misleading, for it does not tell us that the book contains a good amount of information concerning the history of American science. Contents: I. Early writings on American natural history; II. Natural history in colleges, I640-1790; III. What Americans studied in European universities; IV. Some early cultural centers; V. Diffusion of natural history culture; VI. The contribution of publishers,

artists, and engravers to the science of natural history; VII. The part played by the microscope; VIII. The philosophy of the naturalist; IX. AMOS EATON and the academies; X. Early teaching of natural history in the colleges; XI. Natural history struggles for academic recognition; XII. The passing of the naturalist; Bibli- ography; Index. G. S.

28. BOTANY (Agronomy, Phytopathology, Palaeobotany )

Ballard, C. W.; Cheney, R. H.; Pocorny, F. J. Medicinal uses of drug plants cultivated in the plant garden of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

Brooklyn Botanical Garden Rec., 32, 187-209, 1943.

A short description of the medicinal history of ninety plants. C. Z.

Croizat, Leon. The family Euphorbiaceae: when and by whom published. American Midland Nat-

uralist, 30, 808-09, 1943.

Deevey, Edward S., Jr. Pollen analysis and

history. Amer. Scientist, 32, 39-53, 1944. A discussion of the contribution of the pollen analysis

of bogs to our knowledge of postglacial climate.

Freeman, Margaret B. Herbs for the medieval household for cooking, healing and divers uses.

xiii+49 p., 73 illus. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1943 ($ .50).

This is a beautiful little book, quite worthy of the great art museum which published it. The illustrations are reproductions of late fifteenth or early sixteenth century woodcuts taken from such works as Liber de arte distillandi, Rosa Gallica, Regimen Sanitatis, Crete Her- ball, Hortus Sanitatis, Hortulus, Kiichenmeisterey, In commodum ruralium, etc. They picture medieval herb gardens, kitchens, sick-rooms, harvesting scenes, as well as the herbs which are described individually. There is a short introduction which is concerned with herbs in general, followed by chapters devoted to herbs for cooking, for healing, for poisoning pests, and finally a chapter on sweet-smelling herbs. A paragraph is devoted to each of eighty-four herbs which are indexed under both their common and botanical names. C. Z.

Howard, Alexander L. The ash tree. Nature, I54, 27-29, I944.

Howard, Alexander L. The cedar tree. Na- ture, 153, 595-98, I944*

Howard, Alexander L. The oak tree. Nature, 153, 438-41, I944.

Howard, Alexander L. The sycamore tree. Na- ture, 153, 348-49, 1944.

Merrill, E. D. Some economic aspects of taxon- omy. Torreya, 43, 50-64, 1943.

265



266 28. Botany to

Porter, Charles Lyman. Contributions of early botanists to pharmaceutical knowledge. Ameri- can Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 8, 54- 72, 1944.

[Rothamsted]. Rothamsted centenary number. MSN, Monthly Science News, no. 24, 8 p., ill., I943.

"The Rothamsted Experimental Station is the oldest and most famous agricultural research station in the world. The hundredth anniversary of its foundation is celebrated this year, and in honour of the event a special double issue of this science news letter is devoted to the achievements of Rothamsted."

United States Department of Agriculture Yearbook. Series I936-1942. 7 vols., 8,822 p. Washing- ton, 1636-42.

Reviewed by CONWAY ZIRKLE, Isis, 34, 525-26, 1943.

Wilson, Charles Morrow. Trees and test tubes: the story of rubber. xii+352 p., 27 figs. New York, Holt, 1943.


Wardlaw, C. W. Unification of botanical science. Nature, 153, 125-30, 1944.

29. ZOOLOGY

[Clements Library, William L.]. Ichthyologia et herpetologia Americana. A guide to an exhibition in the William L. Clements Library, illus- trating the development of knowledge of Ameri- can fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. 22 p., illus. (Bulletin XXV). Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1936.

Epstein, Hans J. The origin and earliest history of falconry. Isis, 34, 497-509, I pl., 1943.

Gudger, E. W. Fish-eating bats of India and Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 43, 635-40, I pl., 4 figs., I943.

Gudger, E. W. The fish-eating bats of the Gulf of California. California Fish and Game, 29, 79-8I, 2 figs., I943.

Gudger, E. W. Giant fishes of North America. Titans such as the average angler envisions only in the most golden of his dreams come to light when we examine the records of the Oregon sturgeon and alligator gar. Natural History Magazine, 49, II5-2I, 7 figs., I942.

Gudger, E. W. The giant fresh-water fishes of South America. Scientific Monthly, 57, 500-13, 12 figs., I943.

29. Zoology

Gudger, E. W. The giant fresh-water perch of Africa. Scientific Monthly, 58, 269-72, 5 figs., I944.

Gudger, E. W. Is the sting ray's sting poisonous? A historical resume showing the development of our knowledge that it is poisonous. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I4, 467-504, 12 figs., I943.

Gudger, E. W. Physalia, the fish-eater. The Portuguese Man-of-War sails the Tropic Seas and discharges its stinging batteries when small fishes touch its tentacles. Animal Kingdom, New York Zoological Society, 45, 62-66, 2 figs., 1942.

Gudger, E. W. The quest for the smallest fish. Natural History Magazine, 48, 216-23, figs., I941.

Gudger, E. W. Strange stories of fish. Scientific Monthly, 55, 532-35, I fig., I942.

Gudger, E. W. Swordfishing with the harpoon in New England waters. Scientific Monthly, 54, 418-30, 499-5I2, 20 figs., 1942.

Gudger, E. W. The whale shark unafraid. The greatest of the sharks, Rhineodon typus, fears not shark, man nor ship. American Naturalist, 75, 550-68, I fig., I941.

Johnson, David H. Systematic review of the chipmunks (genus eutamias) of California. Uni- versity of California Publication in Zoilogy, 48, 63-146, I pl., 12 figs., I943.

Mayr, Ernst. Systematics and the origin of species from the viewpoint of a zoologist. xiv+334 p., ill., maps. New York, Columbia University Press, 1943.


Osborn, Henry Fairfield [1857-I935]. Pro- boscidea. A monograph on the discovery, evolution, migration and extinction of the mastodonts and elephants of the world. Edited by MABEL RICE PERCY. Vol. 2: Stegodontoidea, elephan- toidea. xxvii+372 p., 19 pls. New York, Amer- ican Museum Press, I942.

Reviewed by D. M. S. WATSON, Nature, 153, 5-7, I944.

Prentice, Ezra Parmalee. American dairy cattle. Their past and future. With chapters on dairy cattle in America, by ERNEST L. ANTHONY, LLOYD BURLINGHAM, CLIFFORD L. CLEVEN-

GER, CLIFFORD T. CONKLIN, LYNN COPELAND, HERBERT P. DAVIS, ROCKEFELLER PRENTICE,



29. Zoology to 34. Anatomy

and EDWIN G. WOODWARD. xix+453 p., 51 pls. New York, Harper, 1942.

Reviewed by G. E. FUSSELL, Nature, 152, 736-37, 1943.

Thorington, J. Monroe. The ibex and chamois in ancient medicine. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 65-78, 6 figs., I944.

Yerkes, Robert M. Chimpanzees. A laboratory colony. xv+32I p., 63 pls. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1943.

Reviewed by S. ZUCKERMAN, Nature, 153, 65-66, 1944.

Zeitlin, Jacob. Query no. 106. Earliest illustration of rattlesnake. Isis, 35, 28, 2 ills., 1944.

With answer to Query no. Io6, by GEORGE SARTON, Isis, 35, z8, 1944.

V. SCIENCES OF THE EARTH (implying knowledge of both organic and inorganic nature)

3I. GEOGRAPHY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

Fitzgerald, W. Progress in geographical method. Nature, 153, 48 I-83, 1944-

MacLeod, M. N. The evolution of British cartog- raphy. Endeavour, 3, 62-67, 5 maps, 1944.

Raisz, Erwin. Atlas of global geography. 63 p., maps and figs. New York, Harper, I944 ($3.50).

"With the rise of air power and the near prospect of an aviation age, world geography has changed. Dis- tances are now marked 'as the plane flies' and the shortest distance between two points has become an arc on the contour of the globe. Here lies the key to the map- making of Global Geography -the plane's-eye view." RAISZ'S maps "bring into focus the global point of view of the modern world and the world that will follow the war. Here also in the section 'World Problems,' are Dr. RAISZ' pictorial commentaries on poverty, disease, hunger, inaccessibility, illiteracy, etc. - all world problems, despite their location, and all legitimately within the wide scope of Global Geography."

32. GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY, MINING

(For Palaeobotany, Palaeozoology and Palaeoan-

thropology, see, respectively, 28. Botany, 29. Zoology, and 39. Prehistory)

Hobbs, William H. New volcanoes and a new mountain range. Science, 99, 287-90, 2 maps, I944.

Including chronological list of new volcanoes from 1538 to 1943. G. S.

Taube, Edward. Mining terms of obscure origins. Scientific Monthly, 58, 454-56, I944.

The origin and history of matte, mispickel, quartz, shaft, and shode.

Whitaker, Arthur Preston. The Huancavelica mercury mine. A contribution to the history of the Bourbon renaissance in the Spanish Empire. xvi+150 p. (Harvard Historical Monographs, 16). Cambridge, Harvard University Press, I941.

This is primarily a political and administrative history, but it includes discussions of mining, metallurgical, toxicological problems which concern our readers. In 1648, the Spanish viceroy declared that Huancavelica and the silver mines of Potosi were "like two poles which support this kingdom [Peru] and that of Spain," - and, he added, Huancavelica "has the distinction of being unique and irreplaceable." According. to P. A. MEANS it was "the prime source of both royal and private wealth in Peru." Huancavelica was one of the three largest mercury mines in the world, the other two being those of Almaden in Spain and Idria in Carniola. The Huancavelica mine was controlled by the Spanish government from 1570 to 1813, almost two and a half centuries, during which period it produced about I,Io0,ooo quintals of mercury. It was a source of conflict, as well as of wealth, especially during the years 1730-80. WHITAKER is especially concerned with that half century of struggle and with the unexpectedly liberal system of free enterprise that emerged from it.

G. S.

33. METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, TERRESTRIAL, PHYSICS

Zinszer, Harvey A. Meteorological mileposts. Scientific Monthly, 58, 261-64, 1944.

A brief list of outstanding contributions to meteorology from ARISTOTLE to the twentieth century.

VI. ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SCIENCES

(Knowledge of man, past and present)

34. ANATOMY

Deonna, W. Le genou, siege de force et de vie et sa protection magique. Revue archeologique, 13, 224-35, I939.

Mendelsohn, Simon. Preservation of human remains through natural agencies, p. 1782-89, illus.; The evolution of artificial mummification, p. 1790-94, illus.; Embalming from the medieval period to the present time, p. I805-12, illus. Ciba Symposia, 6, 1944.

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35. Physical Anthropology to 43. Sociology

35. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (Anthropometry and Races of Man)

Ackerknecht, Erwin H. Origin and distribution of skull cults, I654-6I, illus.; Head trophies and skull cults in the Old World, 1665-69, illus.; Head trophies in America, I670-75, illus. Ciba Symposia, 5, 1944.

Benedict, Ruth; Weltfish, Gene. The races of mankind. 31 p., illus. New York, Public Affairs Committee, 1943.

Childe, V. Gordon. The study of anthropology. Antiquity, 17, 213-14, I943.

Apropos of the foundation of the Ethnological Society in x843.

Nadeau, Gabriel. Indian scalping technique in different tribes. Ciba Symposia, 5, I677-81, illus., 1944.

Odum, Howard W. Race and rumors of race. Challenge to American crisis. x+245 p. Chapel Hill, N. C., University of North Carolina Press, 1943.

Reviewed by H. J. FLEURE, Nature, 153, 667, 1944.

36. PHYSIOLOGY (human and comparative)

Ackerknecht, Erwin H. Metabolism and respiration, from ERASISTRATUS to LAVOISIER, p. 1815-24, illus.; Metabolism from LIEBIG to the

present, p. I825-33, illus.; The history of meta- bolic diseases, p. 1834-44, illus. Ciba Symposia, 6, 1944-

Izquierdo, Jose Joaquin. Las matematicas y la fisiologia. Gaceta Medica de Mexico, 73, 280- 99, 1943.

Langley, L. L. An historical introduction to the physiology of anoxia. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 321-40, 2 figs., I943.

Lecomte du Noiiy. Physiological time. Proceed- ings of the American Philosophical Society, 87, 435-37, I944.

Luckhardt, Arno B. Outlines for lectures on historical endocrinology. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 8, 163-76, 1944.

37. PSYCHOLOGY (human and comparative)

Ravagnan, Luis M. Una introduccion al estudio de Ia caracterologia. Universidad, 13, 201-36, Santa Fe, 1942.

Zilboorg, Gregory. Fear of death. Psychoana- lytic Quarterly, 12, 465-75, 1943.

Zilboorg, Gregory. Psychiatry as a social science. American Journal of Psychiatry, 99, 585-88, 1943.

39. PREHISTORY

Bowen, E. G. The travels of the Celtic Saints. Antiquity, 18, 16-28, 5 maps, I944.

Daniel, Glyn E. The three ages. An essay on archaeological method. 60 p. Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 1943 (3 s. 6 d.).

"It is just over Ioo years since the first formulation in I836 (by C. J. THOMSEN) of the concept of the three technological Ages of Man-- the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. A century of discovery and research has necessarily modified the significance of this concept, and it is the object of this short book to describe the origins and development of the idea, to discuss its applicability to modern studies, and to make suggestions for bringing it into line with present knowledge." It is interesting to note that this homage to the memory of a famous Dane, CHRISTIAN JURGENSEN THOMSEN, was written by an English scholar in New Delhi. G. S.

Steensberg, Axel. Ancient harvesting imple- ments. 275 p., 80 figs., 13 pls. Copenhagen, I943.

Very elaborate review by E. CECIL CURWEN, Anti- quity, 17, 196-zo6, I figs., 1943.

40. ETHNOLOGY (Primitive and popular science)

Ackerknecht, Erwin H. Psychopathology, primitive medicine and primitive culture. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 30-67, I943.

43. SOCIOLOGY, JURISPRUDENCE AND POSITIVE POLITY

Rose, Walter. Good neighbours. vii+I38 p. Cambridge, University Press; New York, The Macmillan Co., 1942 ($2.75).

This book should become at least a minor classic. Written by a septuagenarian recalling the days of his boyhood and manhood, and the doings of his neighbors, in an English village not fifty miles from London, it gives, as no other book with which I am acquainted does, a picture of life in an English village as it was lived fifty years ago. Incidentally, I do not think a better ethnological study of any community has ever been published. For here we have the ideal anthropologist. Born and bred in the village of which he writes with such learning and sympathy, not book-learning or simple interest, but the learning of experience in the things of which he writes, and the sympathy of love and understanding for them.

Himself a carpenter to the village, Mr. RosE writes an English prose style which many a modern writer

268



43. Sociology to 45. History of Art

could wish for his own. It is a beautiful style, and it is perfectly adapted to the author's theme. The combina- tion of qualities possessed by Mr. ROSE is so rare a thing that it cannot be overvalued when it appears. His gift is such that he can make the reader not only see the old cart-wheels which he describes so well, but hear them turning, and almost feel the subtle glow of the maroon red of their paint. The horses and pigs, the labourers and the characters, the cows and the cornfields, hay- making and harvesting, and a thousand little points about which most men have forgotten are brought to life by Mr. ROSE'S skilful pen.

Life was hard in the English village, but it was a kind of hardness which had its rewards, small as those rewards were. Life could have been easier and somewhat more rewarding, but it did not seem necessary to those who ruled them to grant a little more to those who asked so little of life. All these things Mr. ROSE makes one feel. One feels very warmly towards his village, and to the philosophical chronicler of its life for this beautiful testament to its spirit. JOHN HOOKHAM'S drawings are perfect. M. F. A. M.

Hayek, F. A. The facts of the social sciences. Ethics, 54, I-I3, I943.

Sorokin, P. A. The crisis of our age. 338 p. New York, Dutton, I942.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis, 35, 46- 47, 1944.

Wilson, Logan. The academic man. viii+248 p. New York, Oxford University Press, 1942.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis, 34, 528- 29, 1943.

Wolff, Kurt H. The sociology of knowledge: emphasis on an empirical attitude. Philosophy of Science, 10, 104-23, I943.

44. HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION (General History, Historical Methods, Biography, Chronology)

Barzun, Jacques; Holborn, Hajo; Heaton, Herbert; Malone, Dumas; La Piana, George. The interpretation of history. Edited with an introduction by JOSEPH R. STRAYER. 186 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1943.

Reviewed by WALLACE K. FERGUSON, American His- torical Review, 49, 262-63, 1944.

Hewett, Edgar L. From cave dwelling to Mount Olympus. 143 p. (Man in the Pageant of the

Ages). Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1943 ($I.5o).

Meditations of a venerable American anthropologist suggested by his long experience of men of all ages and places and quickened by the present catastrophes. The titles are: What is man? ; The quest for freedom; Lib- erty's landmarks; A science of man and a science of education; The social sciences in higher education; The place of research. G. S.

Jakobson, Roman. Moudrost starych cechu. Odveke zaklady narodnlho odboje. 231 p., maps. New York, Nakladem Ceskoslovenskeho kultur- niho krouzku, 1943.

"The wisdom of the ancient Czechs." Reviewed by HENRI GREGOIRE, Renaissance, i, 652-55, I944.

Myres, John L. Mediterranean culture. 52 p. New York, The Macmillan Co.; Cambridge, University Press, 1944 ($0.75).

The Frazer Lecture for 1943, being an essay in geographical history in which Sir JOHN MYRES, in his own inimitably interesting and learned manner, traces the elements which have entered into the development of the cultures of the Mediterranean. M. F. A. M.

45. HISTORY OF ART (Art and Science, Iconography, Arts and Crafts)

Danielou, Alain. Introduction to the study of musical scales. iv+279 p., ill. London, India

Society, I943. "All music is based on the relations of sounds, and a

careful study of the numbers by which these relations are ruled, brings us immediately into the almost forgotten science of numerical symbolism. Through musical experience it is easy to see that numbers correspond to abstract principles and that their application to physical reality follows absolute and inescapable laws. It is in music only that this connection between physical reality and metaphysical principles is evident. Music was, therefore, justly considered by the ancients as the key to all sciences and arts, the link between metaphysics and physics, through which the universal laws and their multiple applications could be understood. In the present book we try to give some idea of these universal laws which the numbers represent, and to make a rapid survey of their application to music in the different traditions." Contents: i. Metaphysical correspondences; 2. The conflict of musical systems; 3. Measure of intervals and harmonic sounds; 4. The cycle of fifth (The musical theory of the Chinese) 5. The relations to a tonic (The modal music of the Hindus); 6. Confusion of the systems (The music of the Greeks) ; 7. The Western scale and equal temperament; 8. The scale of sounds. The book was beautifully printed in Benares. G. S.

Leipziger, Hugo. The architectonic city in the Americas. Significant forms, origins, and pros- pects. University of Texas Publication, no. 4407. 68 p., 40 pls. Austin, University of Texas, I944.

Though Isis is not devoted to the history of art, it must record a few publications which represent the scientific planning of future communities. See the review of SIGFRIED GIEDION: Space, Time and Architecture (I941; Isis, 33, 640) and J. L. SERT: Can our cities survive? (1942; Isis, 34, 277). LEIPZIGER'S planning, admirably sponsored by the University of Texas, is of special interest, because it is meant to harmonize with Mexican and South American traditions. Yet LEIPZIGER is fully conscious also of Greek and Mediterranean traditions. The five parts of his book are entitled: I. Archi- tecture's historic mission; II. Architecture is symbolic;

269



45. History of Art to 50. History of Medicine

III. Distinctness vs. vagueness, the ecological problem of the modern city; IV. Significant architecture as cultural consciousness; V. Conclusion. Each part is fittingly pre- ceded by a Platonic epigraph. The text is illustrated with 169 figures on 40 plates. G. S.

[Loewi, Adolph; Loewi, Gabrielle]. Two thousand years of silk weaving. An exhibition

sponsored by the Los Angeles County Museum in collaboration with the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Detroit Institute of Arts. xi+63 p., 88 pls. New York, Weyhe, I944.

Exhibition of 484 specimens of silk fabrics dating from the Han dynasty to I850.

Mosoriak, Roy. The curious history of music boxes. 242 p., 40 pls., figs. Chicago, Lightner Publishing Co., 1943.

This history of music boxes seems pretty elaborate but it is not extended far enough to include the infernal juke-boxes, thanks to whose invention innocent toys were transformed into instruments of torture. G. S.

Sachs, Curt. The rise of music in the ancient world, East and West. 324 p., 8 pls. New York, Norton, 1943.

"This book is a history of music from ancient times to the Middle Ages. While other writers have dealt with primitive, Oriental and Hellenic music, they have been limited to certain musical aspects of single countries, of China or India or Greece. Here for the first time is a book that covers all the different, yet closely related, styles of the ancient world in the East and in the West. It is a fascinating synthesis which shows how for thou- sands of years music has been held in balance between the material and the immaterial, the rational and the irrational. It demonstrates how races living far apart have met in strange parallels in music - the Greeks and the Japanese, Europeans and North American Indians. It gives more distinct outlines to primitive styles, re- interprets Oriental systems, opens an entirely new perspective on Greek music and exposes the roots from which the music of the West has grown. After a comprehensive section on primitive music, the book describes the music of the Western Orient, the music of China and Japan, the music of India, and Greek and Roman music, concluding with a discussion of the Greek heritage in the music of Islam and the beginnings of mediaeval music of Europe."

46. HISTORY OF LANGUAGE, WRITING, AND LITERATURE

Bodmer, Frederick. The Loom of Language. LANCELOT HOGBEN, Editor. x+692 p., 46 figs. New York,W.W. Norton & Co., 1944 ($3.75).

"Because this book is a successor to Mathematics for the Million (reviewed in Isis, 28, 138-40) and Science for the Citizen (reviewed in Isis, 31, 467-69), its motif is social and its bias is practical." Contents: Editor's Foreword; Introduction; The natural history of language; Our hybrid heritage; The world language problem; Language museum; Index.

Johannesson, Alexander. Gesture origin of Indo-European languages. Nature, 153, I7 -

72, I944.

Yule, George Udny. The statistical study of literary vocabulary. ix+306 p. Cambridge, Uni-

versity Press, 1944. Reviewed by M. G. KENDALL, Nature, 153, 570-71,

1944.

47. HISTORY OF MORALS (Moral organization of society)

Gerard, R. W. A biological basis for ethics. Phi-

losophy of Science, 9, 92-I20, I942.

48. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

(See also above, I8. Philosophy of Science)

Langer, Susanne K. Philosophy in a new key. A study in the symbolism of reason, rite and art.

312 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, I942.

Reviewed by MILTON H. SINGER, Isis, 34, 529-30, I943.

49. HISTORY OF RELIGION (Science and Religion)

Wallis, Wilson D. Messiahs, their role in civilization. 217 p. Washington, D. C., American Council on Public Affairs, 1943.

Reviewed by ERWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, I38-39, 1944.

VII. MEDICINE

50. HISTORY, ORGANIZATION, AND PHILOSOPHY

OF MEDICINE

Aksel, H. Avni. The history of medicine in Tur- key. Asiatic Review, 40, 320-23, 1944.

Translation of a lecture given at the Londra Turk Halkevi on March z2, 1944. "Dr. AKSEL graduated at Istanbul in I9I8 and is at present Chief Surgeon at the Haseki Hospital, Istanbul. He is a specialist in chest surgery and has published several papers on that subject. Dr. AKSEL was a member of the Turkish Medical Mis- sion which recently visited Great Britain."

Cardoso de Moraes, Clovis. Ligeiro esboqo historico da medicina de avia5ao. Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, vol. 3, no. I, 43- 55, 1944.

Castiglioni, Arturo. La historia de la medicina y la solidaridad humana de los pueblos. Revista

argentina de historia de la medicina, vol. 3, no. 2,

I3-I7, I944.

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50. History of Medicine

Doe, Janet (editor). A handbook of medical library practice; including annotated bibliographical guides to the literature and history of medical and allied sciences. x+6 o p. (Special Com- mittee on a Medical Library Handbook). Chi- cago, American Library Association, I942.

Reviewed by CLAUDIUS F. MAYER, Isis, 35, 48-51, 1944.

Francesco, Grete de. The doctor's portrait from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. Ciba

Symposia, 6, 1750-65, illus., I944.

Gordon, Benjamin Lee. The romance of medicine: the story of the evolution of medicine from

primitive times and occult practices. xii+624 p., I47 illus. Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Co., 1944 ($5.oo).

Of this book the less said the better. It is a thoroughly unscholarly, wishy-washy production of the sort that should never be published. Dr. GORDON has tried to put the facts together concerning the development of medicine from ancient animistic beliefs. He has not been very successful in dealing with the literature and has failed even to convey as much as a superficial account of the facts. The very first paragraph of the book states that the author has "no knowledge of any work in the Eng- lish language tracing so many modern medical and non- medical facts, customs, and folklore to ancient medical concepts" (p. v).

Dr. GORDON has apparently never heard of DAN MCKENZIE'S The Infancy of Medicine, Macmillan, Lon- don, 1927, and of the works of RIVERS, HARLEY, KEMP, FIELD, DAWSON, CLEMENTS, and many others. Not one of the works which one would expect to find in his bibliography is to be found there. Worst of all, most of the illustrations purporting to show various figures of antiquity are taken from photographs of posed figures issued chiefly by the firm of Davis & Geck. The remainder of the illustrations are of very unequal value.

The book is, however, not entirely without value, for the author has brought together a certain number of facts which may be of interest and possibly of use to those interested in the general field. M. F. A. M.

Greenwood, Major. Authority in medicine: old and new. 32 p. New York, The Macmillan Co.; Cambridge, University Press, 1943 ($0.45).

The Linacre Lecture delivered at Cambridge, 6 May I943.

Gudiino Kramer, Luis. Medicos, magos y cu- randeros. Io8 p., 6 pl. Buenos Aires, Emece Editores, 1942.

Reviewed by ALDO MIELI, Archeion, 25, 262-65, I943.

Herrick, James B. A short history of cardiology. xvi+258 p., 48 pls. Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, 1942.

Reviewed by J. B. DE C. M. SAUNDERS, Isis, 34, 530- 31, I943.

Leonardo, Richard A. History of surgery. xvii+504 p., ill. New York, Froben Press, 1943.

Reviewed by 0. TEMKIN, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I5, 430-32, I944.

Neuburger, Max. British medicine and the Vi- enna School. Contacts and parallels. 134 p., I3 pls. London, Heinemann, I943.

Reviewed by J. B. DE C. M. SAUNDERS, Isis, 34, 531- 32, I943.

Neuburger, Max. An historical survey of the concept of nature from a medical viewpoint. Isis, 35, I6-28, I944.

Robinson, Victor. Origin of aviation medicine, p. I624-38,illus. Aviation medicine in the A.E.F., p. I639-46, illus. Aviation medicine in America. Air-marks I903-1943, p. 1647-51, illus. Ciba

Symposia, 5, I943.

Robinson, Victor. The story of medicine. 564 p. (New Home Library). New York, Garden

City Publishing Co., I943. Reviewed by GEORGE ROSEN, Bulletin of the History

of Medicine, I5, 227-28, 1944.

Sigerist, Henry E. The study of medicine in wartime. An address to the entering class of the

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, I-I3, I944.

Sigerist, Henry E. A tribute to MAx NEU- BURGER on the occasion of his 75th birthday, December 8, 1943. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 417-21, I943.

Weiss, Harry B. American baby rattles from Colonial times to the present. With ninety-seven illustrations of silver, terra cotta, tin, wood, cel- luloid and plastic rattles. 28 p., 16 pls. Trenton, N. J., Privately printed, I941.

Zilboorg, Gregory. Humanism in medicine and psychiatry. Yale Journal of Biology and Medi- cine, 16, 217-30, 1944.

Zilboorg, Gregory. Murder and justice. Jour- nal of Criminal Psychopathology, 5, 1-25, 1943.

Zilboorg, Gregory. Russian psychiatry - its historical and ideological background. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, I9, 713-28, I943.

27I



5'. Epidemiology to 57. Museology

5 I. EPIDEMIOLOGY. HISTORY OF SPECIAL DISEASES. MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY. PUBLIC HEALTH.

BALNEOLOGY. SOCIAL MEDICINE.

Allison, Richard Sydney. Sea diseases. The story of a great natural experiment in preventive medicine in the Royal Navy. ix+2I8 p., 12 ills. London, Bale, I943.

Reviewed by E. H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 330-31, 1944.

De Kruif, Paul. KAISER wakes the doctors. 158 p. New York, Harcourt, Brace, I943.

Elaborate review by HENRY E. SIGERIST, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 413-I6, 1943.

Guthrie, Douglas. Early records of tracheotomy. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 59-64, I944.

Seguin, Alberto. Historia de las psicosis para- noides. Revista argentina de historia de la medi-

cina, vol. 3, no. I, 73-78, I944-

Townend, B. R. The story of the tooth-worm. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 37-58, map, 1944.

Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory. The conquest of epidemic diseases: a chapter in the history of ideas. xii+41I p. Princeton, Princeton Uni- versity Press, 1943.

Reviewed by GAYLORD W. ANDERSON, American His- torical Review, 49, 272-73, 1944.

52. HISTORY OF HOSPITALS, OF MEDICAL TEACH-

ING, AND OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

Diddle, Albert W. Medical events in the history of Key West. Bulletin of the History of Medi-

cine, 15, 445-67, I fig., I944.

Hume, Edgar Erskine. Victories of army medicine: scientific accomplishments of the Medical Department of the United States Army. xiv+ 250 p., ill. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1943.

Reviewed by GENEVIEVE MILLER, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 536-38, 1943.

[Reading Hospital]. History of the Reading Hos- pital. Published by the Board of Managers on occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Reading Hospital, December 9, I942. 287 p., illus. Read- ing, Pa., Reading Hospital, 1942.

Reviewed by GENEVIEVE MILLER, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 416, I943.

Terris, Milton. An early system of compulsory health insurance in the United States, I798-

1884. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I5, 433-44, 1944.

53. PHARMACY. PHARMACOLOGY. TOXICOLOGY.

Copley, Alfred Lewin; Boswell, Helen. Aco- nite the love poison. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 420-26, 1944.

Galdston, Iago. Behind the sulfa drugs. A short history of chemotherapy. With a preface by PERRIN H. LONG. xix+ 74 p. New York, Appleton-Century, 1943.

Reviewed by CHAUNCEY D. LEAKE, Isis, 34, 531, 1943.

Lieberman, William. History of the enema. Notes and literary references to the clyster. Ciba Symposia, 5, I694-I711, illus., I944.

Urdang, George. Pharmacy and aviation. Bul- letin of the History of Medicine, 15, 324-26, 1944-

Urdang, George. Quintessence. The story of extracts. What's New, p. 6-9, I8-I9, illus.

Chicago, Abbott Laboratories, Spring, 1944.

Zayas-Bazan y Perdomo, Hector. El arte ceramico farmaceutico. Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, vol. 3, no. 2, 67-83, 1944.

VIII. EDUCATION (Methods of accumulating, imparting, and diffusing knowledge)

54. EDUCATION (Generalities, Methods, Colleges, Universities)

Sigerist, Henry E. The university at the crossroads. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 15, 233-45, 1944.

57. MUSEOLOGY (Museums and Collections)

Hutchins, Robert Maynard. The value of the museum. Science, 98, 331-34, I943.

Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. Volume seven, I942. iv+175 p., pls. Printed I943, Schlechter's, Allentown, Pa.

Though Isis is not dedicated to museology, the great importance of museums is repeatedly emphasized in its pages; the social value of small district museums has often been explained, chiefly apropos of the Pyrenaeum museum of Lourdes (Isis, 8, 492-96) and the whaling museums of New Bedford and,Nantucket (Isis, i6, 115- 23). We have referred sometimes also to at least one of the Pennsylvania museums, to wit, the Bucks County one to which HENRY CHAPMAN MERCER (1856--930)

272



57. Museology to 58. Catalogues

gave exceptional luster. Two books published by that museum are of great value to the historian of technology: H. C. MERCER, Ancient carpenters' tools ( I929 Isis, 18, 400) ; RUDOLF P. HOMMEL, China at work (1937; Isis, 31, 219). The present volume contains a brief description not simply of the Doylestown museum but of five others, the Schwenkfelder Historical Library, the Penn- sylvania State Museum, the Berks County Historical Society, the Hershey Museum, and the Landis Valley Museum. A paper on the so-called Lancaster and Ken- tucky rifles (p. 107-57) is a valuable contribution to the history of technology. The book is very well printed and illustrated. It caused me to wish that I may be able, when the war is over, to make a pilgrimage to every one of these museums, for there is no better way of learning the best traditions (arts, crafts, folklore) of the communities which those museums symbolize. G. S.

58. CATALOGUES OF SECOND-HAND BOOKS ON THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many catalogues of second-hand books are so interesting and so full of valuable information that we register them in this section, together with other lists of a similar nature, such as catalogues of scientific medals and prints. When applying to the publishers of these catalogues for a copy, please mention Isis.

[Allen, William H.]. Catalogue no. 74. 40 p. Philadelphia 3, 203 Walnut St., 1944.

[Allen, William H.]. Catalogue no. 75. 40 p. Philadelphia 3, 2031 Walnut St., I944.

[L'Art ancien]. List 17. Die Kunst der Buch- illustration. 138 items. Zurich 2, Gartenstr. 24, 1944.

[L'Art ancien]. Liste 18. I. Weltliteratur in friihen Ausgaben; II. Varia. 274 items. Zurich 2, Gartenstr. 24, (received July 1944).

[Blackwell]. Catalogue no. 503. Africana. 1046 items. Oxford, Broad Street (received July 1944).

[Cambridge Book House]. List no. 33. I20 items. Paterson 4, N. J., 612 Fourteenth Ave. (received Feb. 1944).

[Cambridge Book House]. List no. 36. 122 items. Paterson 4, N. J., 612 Fourteenth Ave. (received April 1944).

[Cambridge Book House]. List no. 37. Books on medical and scientific history. 129 items. Paterson 4, N. J., 612 Fourteenth Ave. (received June I944).

[Davis & Orioli]. Catalogue II4. Choice books including fine illuminated manuscripts; early illustrated books; I8th century French books in contemporary morocco bindings, important en- graved works by BLAKE, GOYA, PIRANESI and

others; a complete set of MUYBRIDGE'S celebrated "Animal locomotion," etc. 146 items. Walling- ford, Berks, I, St. Martin's St. (received Feb. 1944).

[Davis & Orioli]. Catalogue 15. Books in English literature. 56 p., 798 items. Walling- ford, Berks, I, St. Martin's St. (received June 1944).

[Davis & Orioli]. Catalogue 16. Rare books. 54 p., 776 items. London, W.I, 56 Maddox St. (received July 1944).

[Froben Press]. Catalogue III. History of medicine. 48 p., illus. New York 14, 4 St. Luke's Place, 1944.

[Goldschmidt, E. P.]. Catalogue 74. Mediaeval literature, mainly from the library of the late Sir STEPHEN GASELEE, K.C.M.G. 30 p., 402 items. London, W., 45, Old Bond St. (received June I944).

[Goldschmidt, E. P.]. Catalogue 75. A selection of books of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including many from the Rt. Hon. JOHN BURNS' Library. 34 p., 159 items. London, W.I, 45, Old Bond St. (received July 1944).

[Grant, John]. Books, etchings, prints. 82 p., 2407 items. Edinburgh I, 31 George IV Bridge, March I944.

[Heller, F. Thomas]. List no. 26. Early science and medicine. 51 items. New York 24, 346 W. 84th St., January I944.

[Heller, F. Thomas]. List no. 27. Early science and medicine. 36 items. New York 24, 346 W. 84th St., 1944.

[Heller, F. Thomas]. List no. 28. Early science and medicine. 55 items. New York 24, 346 W. 84th St., I944.

[Heller, F. Thomas]. List no. 29. Early science and medicine. 43 items. New York 24, 346 W. 84th St., April I944.

[Heller, F. Thomas]. List no. 30. Early science and medicine. 74 items. New York 24, 346 W. 84th St., 1944.

[Heller, F. Thomas]. List no. 31. Early science and medicine. 83 items. New York 24, 346 W. 84th St., Sept., 1944.

[Johnson, Walter J.]. Catalogue 12. 1717 items. 75 p. New York, 10, 125 E. 23rd St., I944.

273



58. Catalogues to 59. Memoria Technica

[Kraus, H. P.]. List no. 28. Russian dictionaries. 13 items. New York 22, 64 E. 55th St. (received Jan. 1944).

[Kraus, H. P.]. Catalogue no. 32. Russian books on ancient and modern art. 77 p., 642 items. New York, 64 E. 55th St. (received March 1944).

[Kraus, H. P.]. Books in foreign languages. Catalogue no. 33. 100p., 987 items. New York 22, 64 E. 55th St. (received June 1944).

[Kraus, H. P.]. Catalogue no. 34. A fine collection of Russian music. With an appendix, Euro- pean music and musical literature. 439 items. New York 22, 64 E. 55th St. (received May I944).

[Kraus, H. P.]. List no. 35. Modern Russian Science V. Medicine, biology. 54 items. New York 22, 64 E. 55th St. (received Jan. I944).

[Kraus, H. P.]. List no. 37. A collection of works by JOSEPH PRIESTLEY (1733--804). (New acquisitions). 23 items. New York 22, 64 E. 55th St. (received Feb. 1944).

[Kraus, H. P.]. List no. 44. Periodicals of Cen- tral America in the field of law, politics, eco- nomics and medicine. I4 items. List no. 45. Early Bibliographies. 23 items. New York 22, 64 E. 55th St. (received July I944).

[Old Hickory Bookshop]. Catalogue no. 78. Medicine & science, old and rare. 32 p., 326 items. New York 3, 65 Fifth Ave. (received June 1944).

[Ranschburg, Otto H.]. Catalogue no. 4. Med- icine. A collection of books on medical history and related subjects from GALEN up to the twentieth century. Alchemy - almanachs - bi-

ology - herbals - microscopy - pharmacology - classics of science. An appendix of early and rare books on electricity. 33 p., 130 items. New York 19, 200 W. 57th St. (received March 1944).

[Reichner, Herbert]. Great thinkers. From ALBERTUS MAGNUS to ALBERT EINSTEIN. Cat-

alogue 5. 237 items. 74 p. New York 21, 34 E. 62nd St. (received May 1944).

[Salloch, William]. List 43. The Renaissance and the I7th century. History and civilization. Science and scholarship. Early printing. Litera- ture. Philosophy. Music. Art. 42 p., 531 items. New York 3, 344 E. I7th St. (received March 1944).

[Salloch, William]. List 44. The ancient world. The Orient, Egypt, Greece and Rome. 406 items. New York 3, 344 E. I7th St. (received June 1944).

[Schab, William H.]. Catalogue no. 8. An important collection of fine and rare books, bindings & manuscripts from the XVth to the XVIIIth centuries. 54 p., 129 items. New York 22, N. Y., 602 Madison Ave. (received April 1944).

[Schuman's]. List "J." Medical miscellany. 0oo p., 8 items. New York 21, 20 E. 7oth St.

(received June 1944).

[Sotheran, Henry]. No. 872. Annotated catalogue of works on medicine, surgery, and pharmacology. 76 p., 951 items. London, W.I, 2 Sackville St., I944.

[Weil, E.]. Catalogue 4. Scientific centenaries in 1943 and I944. Books from an astronomer's library, documents and instruments, history of photography. 269 items. London, N.W. 1I, 28, Litchfield Way (received June 1944).

[Wormser, Richard S.]. List: B M. Cookery, rare and well-done. 94 items. New York I9, 22 W. 48th St. (received June I944).

[Wormser, Richard S.]. List 209. American Industry, Arts & Sciences. 179 items. New York 19, 22 W. 48th St. (received May I944).

[Wormser, Richard S.]. List 210. An interesting miscellany. 136 items. New York 19, 22 W. 48th St. (received June I944).

[Zeitlin & Ver Brugge]. Special list no. I5. Mathematics. Books from the library of Dr. EARLE RAYMOND HEDRICK. 405 items. 624 South Carondelet St., Los Angeles 5, July 1944.

59. MEMORIA TECHNICA

Critical Bibliography no. 66 -Isis, vol. 35, I944. This note is published at the end of our bibliography

solely for the convenience of the scholars who cut out the whole or part of it, attach extracts to catalogue cards, and classify them. By adding this note to the others they will be able to find out rapidly whether this particular bibliography has been analyzed or not.

Isis nos. 98-99 (vol. 34, part 6, I943; vol. 35, part I, 1944)-

These numbers are analyzed in the 66th Critical Bibli- ography. Every previous number has been analyzed in previous bibliographies.

274



Index to 66th Critical Bibliography

INDEX OF NAMES INCLUDED IN THE SIXTY-SIXTH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Roman figures followed by (I) or (2) refer to the centurial classification (Part I); thus, Bark, W., VI(I) means that a paper by Bark is listed under sixth century, first half.

The Arabic figures refer to the historical and to the systematic classifications (Parts II and III) which are subdivided into sections numbered con- secutively from I to 60. For instance, Albright, W. F., 2 indicates that a paper by Aibright is listed in section 2 (Egypt); Ackerknecht, E. H., 35 indi-

cates that a paper by Ackerknecht is listed in section 35 (Anthropology).

The symbols IV(a), IV(b), and IV(c) refer to the new sections on America, Oceania, and Africa at the end of Part II. For instance, Colton, H. S., IV(a) indicates that a paper by Colton is listed in section IV(a) (America).

FRANCES SIEGEL

A,ugust 30, I944

Abbe, C., XIX(2)B Achelis, E., 23 Ackerknecht, E. H., IV(a), 35, 36, 40 Acufia, C. de, XVII(i)C Aksel, H. A., 50 Albright, W. F., 2, 12 Allen, F., XVII(2) A Allison, R. S., 5 I Altmann, A., 12 Amador de los Rios, J., 12

Amin, A., 14 Andrews, E. W., IV(a) Andrews, R. C., XX C Arberry, A. J., XVIII(2) E Armas, J. de, XIX(2)D Artelt, W., 4 Arthus, M., XX D Atkins, J. W. H., 6

B., M., XVII(z)A Babini, J., I6 Bagnold, R. A., 2 Baikov, A. A., XX E Baldensperger, F., XVIII(2)E Ballard, C. W., 28 Bark, W., VI () Barlow, C. W., 1(2) Baron, S. W., 12 Barthold, W., XV(I), XV(2) Barzun, J., 44 Baynes, C. A., 2 Bayon, H. P., XVIII(2)D Beekman, F., XVIII(2) D Belfroid, J., 20 Bell, W. G., 5 Benedict, R., 35 Benjamin, J. A., XVI ()D Bernard, H. (S.J.), XVII(I)B,

XVII(2)B, io Bert, P., XIX(2)D Betts, E. M., XIX(i)C Biringuccio, XVI () B Birkeland, J., 27 Birkhoff, G. D., 22

Birnbaum, S., 12

Blumer, G., XIX(I)D Bodde, D., VI B.C. Bodmer, F., 46 Borchardt, L., 2 Born, M., i8, 24

Borodin, G., 8 Bortolotti, E., 2, 3 Bossert, H. T., 4 Boswell, H., 53 Bowen, E. G., 39 Boyanc6, P., 4 Boyer, C. B., 20

Bradley, A. D., XVIII(i)A Brasch, F. E., XX E Breasted, J. H., 2 (Brodzki, J.), XX D (Brooklyn Museum), 2 Brown, C. B., 4 Browne, C. A., XIX( )B Brunschwicg, L., 4 Buck, A. de, 2 Biihler, C. F., XIV(i) Buridanus, J., XIV(I) Burrows, E. R., 3 Busink, T. A., 2

Cailliet, E., XVII (i) A Calhoun, G. M., 4 Calice, F., 2 Cammann, S., XIX(i)C Capparoni, P., 2 Cardoso de Moraes, C., 50 Carmody, F. J., XIII (2), 6 (Carnegie Institution), IV(a) Carr6, A. L. J., 5 Carr6, J. M., 2 Caskel, W., 14 Cassirer, E. A., XVI(i)D Caster, M., II () Castiglioni, A., 50 (Cattell, J. M.), XX E Chabrie, R., XVII(2)E Chakravarti, S. N., 9 Chaminaud, A., XIX(x)D Chao Yiin-ts'ung, Io Chassinat, E., 2 Cheesman, R. E., 2 Ch'en Yuan, VII (), XVII(2)E Cheney, R. H., 28 Cheng, T.-h., I o Chevalier, A. G., 6 Childe, V. G., 35 Christofle, M., 5 Clark, G., I (Clements Library), 29

Cobianchi, M., 2 Codellas, P. S., XVI () D Cohen, G., 6 Collingwood, R. G., 5 Collis, M., 8 Colton, H. S., IV(a) Conant, J., XX E Coomaraswamy, A. K., 27 Copernicus, XVI () B Copley, A. L., 53 Corkill, N. L., 14 Cornford, F. M., IV(i)B.C., 4 Cottrill, F., 5 Coulton, G. G., XX E, 6 Cozzo, G., 5 Craik, K. J. W., g9 Crew, W. H., 26 Croizat, L., 28 Cumming, C. G., 3 Czermak, W., 2

Dale, Sir H., 16 Dampier, Sir W. C., x6 Daniel, G. E., 39 Danielli, J. F., 27 Danielou, A., 45 Danton, G. B., 3 Daube, D., IV( ) Davidson, D., 2 Davies, N. de G., 2 Davis, T. L., 1o Davson, H., 27 Dawson, P. M., XVIII ()D Dawson, W. R., 2 De Cosson, A., 2 Dee, J., XVI (2)B Deevy, E. S., Jr., 28 De Francis, J., Io De Kruif, P., 5 Delatte, A., 4 Demangel, R., 7 Denomy, A. J., XIV(2) Deonna, W., 34 De Roover, F. E., XV(2) De Terra, H., 8 Deutsch, A., XIX(I)D Dickins, B., XX E Dickinson, H. W., XVIII(2)B Diddle, A. W., 52 Dingle, H., XVI (i)B, 8

275



Index to 66th Critical Bibliography Dingier, M., 2 Diringer, D., 2 Dittrich, A., 3 Dixon, M., 27 Dodge, E. S., IV(b) Doe, J., 50 Dorsey, M. J., XIX(2)C Drabkin, I. E., I(i)B.C.,i Drachman, B., 12 Drake, F. S., o1 Driver, G. R., 3 Drower, E. S., 3 Dubs, H. H., 1(2) Duffus, R. L., XX E Dunand, M., 3 Dunlop, D. M., IX(i) Dussaud, R., 3 Dustmann, M., 4 Dutilly, A., IV(a) Dykmans, G., 2

Ebeling, E., 3 Eberhard, W., III(i), Io Edelstein, L., XVI ()D Edwards, E. E., XX C Eilers, W., 3 Elbogen, I., 12 Ellinger, T. U. H., XIX(2)C Elwin, V., 9 Elyot, Sir T., XVI(i)D Epstein, H. J., 29 Epstein, L. M., 2 Ergin, O., XX E Erman, A., 2 Espinosa, A. V. de, XVII ()C Estey, F. N., VIII(2) Evans, J., XIX(2)E

Fabricius, XVII ( )D Fackenheim, E. L., X(2) Fang, H., 0o Faris, N. A., XI(2), 14 Farmer, P., XVIII(2)E Faulkner, R. 0., 2 Feifel, E., IV(I) Ferguson, J., 25 Ferguson, J. C., io Fessenden, H. M., XX B Fester, G. A., IV(a) Festugiere, A. J., 4 Fewkes, V. J., IV(a) Firth, C. M., 2 Fisch, M. H., XX E Fitzgerald, W., 31 Focillon, H., 6 (Fogg Museum of Art), XVIII(2)E Forrer, R., 5 Forster, F. M., XIX(i)D Forsyth, W. H., 6 Francesco, G. de, 50 Frank, Philipp, XVI () B Franke, W., o1 Fredga, A., XVIII(z)B Freeman, M. B., 28 Freimann, A., XV(2) Frick, B. M., 23 Friesenhahn, P., 4

Froehner, R., 2, 3 Fuchs, W., XVII ()C, 10 Fussell, G. E., XVIII(2)C

Gabrieli, F., X(2) Galdston, I., 53 Galileo, XVII( ) B Gamow, G., 25 Gardiner, A. H., 2 Garzon, W. P., XVIII(2)D Gateau, A., IX(2) Gatenby, J. B., XIX( ) C Gauthier, L., XII (2) Geiser, S. W., XIX(i)B, XIX(I)C,

XIX(2)C Gerard, R. W., 47 Gibbon, Edward, XVIII(2)E Gilbert, F., XV(i) Gilbert, W. H., Jr., 9 Githens, T. S., IV(c) Gittinger, G. S., XVII ()D Glanville, S. R. K., 2 Gomperz, H., XX E Gooch, G. P., XVII(I)E Goodrich, L. C., o Gordon, B. L., 50 Goudge, T. A., g9 Grapow, H., 2 Green, H. G., XVIII(2) A Green, W. M., XII( ) Greenwood, M., 50 Greenwood, T., 20 Gregoire, H., X(2) Gregory, J. C., I Griffith, F. L., 2 Grijalva, J. de, XVI ()C (Grinnell, J.), XX C Gudger, E. W., 29 Gudiiio Kramer, L., 50 Guillaume, A., 12 Guscin, A. S., 6 Guthrie, D., 5 Guttmann, J., XII(2) Guyot, E., XX C

Hadamard, J., 18 Haenke, T., XVIII(2)C Hagen, V. W. v., XVI( ) C, XIX( ) C,

XIX(2)C, IV(a) Hammer, J., XII(i), 6 Harada, J., II Harden, D. B., 2 Hart, T. J., XIX(2)C Hartner, W., 9 Haussleiter, J., I Hayek, F. A., 43 Hayes, W. C., 2 Heaton, H., 44 Heine-Geldern, R., 8 Heizer, R. F., IV(a) Hemmy, A. S., 4 Henry, P. (S.J.), X(2) H rouville, P. d' (SJ.), I(2) B.C. Herrick, J. B., 50 Herrmann, A., o1 Herrmann, H., 27 Hertz, J. H., XX E

Heschel, A., X(I) Heuchamps, E., 3 Hewett, E. L., 44 Heyl, P. R., 6 Higgins, T. J., XIX(2)B, 16 (Hist. of Sci. Soc.), 16 Hitti, P. K., 14 Hobbs, W. H., 32 Holscher, U., 2 Hoeppli, R., Io Hofmann, M., 5 Hogben, L., 46 Holborn, H., 44 Holmyard, E. J., XIV(i) Holt, R., XX C Hooke, S. H., 3 Horwitz, H. T., 2 Hosten, H. (S.J.), XVII(I)C, 8 Hovey, R. B., XVII(2)E Howard, A. L., 28 Howard, G. D., IV(a) Howarth, 0. J. R., x6 Hughes, E. R., VI B.C., o1 Hume, E. E., 52 Hume, W. F., 2 Hummel, A. W., o Hutchins, R. M., 57

I-hung Ch'iang, Io Ives, S. A., 23 Ivins, W. M., Jr., XV(2), XVI(i)D Izquierdo, J. J., XIX(2)D, 36

Jakobson, R., 44 Janse, O. R. T., 8, Io Jarcho, S., X(i), XVIII ()D Jennings, H. S., 27 Jennison, G., 5 Jensen, A. S., 2 J6hannesson, A., 46 Johnson, D. H., 29 Johnson, F. R., XVI ()C Johnson, R. P., VIII(2) Johnstone, P. H., XVIII(2)C Joleaud, L., 2 Judeich, W., 4

Kallen, H. M., XVIII(2) E Kappelmacher, A., 5 Karpinski, L. C., 23 Kaufmann, F., 19 Keenan, M. E., IV(z) Kees, H., 2 Kelly, F. C., XX B Kelsen, H., IV(i)B.C. Kennedy, V. L., XIII(I) Khan, M. A. R., 23 Kidder, A. V., IV(a) Kiefer, 0., 5 Kierkegaard, S., XX E Kincaid, C. A., 9 Kitamura Sawakichi, o1 (Klebs, A. C.), XX D Kliiver, H., 27 Knickerbocker, F. W., XIX(2)E Knox, J., II(I) Koch, F. S., 27

276



Index to 66th Critical Bibliography Koster, A., I Koster, H., o Konjias, H. T., XVIII(I)D, XIX(I)D Kortleitner, F. X., 2 Koyre, A., XVII( )B, 6, 6 Kramer, S. N., 3 Kristeller, P. O., XV(2) Kunze, A. F., XVI ()C

Lacroix, L., 4 Langer, S. K., 47 Langley, L. L., 36 Landsberger, B., 3 Langdon, S., 3 La Piana, G., 44 Lauer, J. P., 2 Lautner, J. G., 3 Layard, J., IV(b) Lecomte du Noiiy, 36 Leggett, W. F., 25 Lehmann-Haupt, C. F., 3 Leipziger, H., 45 Leonard, W. E., I(i)B.C. Leonardo, R. A., 50 Le Roy, L., XVI(2)E Levi della Vida, G., 4

Lewis, N., 2 Lichtenstadter, I., IX(i) Lidonnici, A., I Lieberman, W., 53 Lillie, R. S., 27 Lin Mou-sheng, o Lindsay, A. D., 8 Loewi, A., 45 Loewi, G., 45 Luckhardt, A. B., 36

Macht, D. I., 12 Magoun, F. P., Jr., 6 Makemson, M. W., IV(a) Mallowan, M. E. L., 3 Malone, D., 44 Maluf, N. S. R., XIX(x)D Mamboury, E., 7 Marcovitch, S., XVI(2)D Marin Ocete, A., XVI(i)E Markman, S. D., 4 Marshall, R. K., 23 Martin, H. D., XIII(I) Martin, L., XVI ()C Maspero, H., VI B.C. Mayerson, H. S., XVIII (2)D Mayr, E., 29 Mayr, J., 2

Mayser, E., 2 Maystre, C., 2 (Mazzei, F.), XVIII(2)E MacCann, W., XIX(2)C McCready, B. W., XIX(i)D Macdonald, D. B., XIX(2)E Macdonald, Sir G., 5 McKie, D., XIX(i)B Mackinney, L. C., VIII(2) MacLaren, M., XIX(2)B MacLeod, M. N., 31 McShane, E. J., 20 Means, P. A., IV(a)

Mearns, D. C., XVIII(2)C Meer, P. E. V. D., 3 Meissner, B., 3 Mendelsohn, S., 2, 34 Menut, A. D., XIV(2) Merrill, E. D., 28 Merritt, R. H., XX C Metraux, A., IV(a) Meyer, A. W., XVI(i)D Mieli, A., XVI(2)B, XVIII(2)B Milbank, J., Jr., 26 Miles, J. C., 3 Millas Vallicrosa, J. M., XI(i), 6 Miller, G., XVI ()D Mitchel, O. M., XIX (i)B Mittler, P. T., Io Mondolfo, R., 4 Montagu, M. F. A., XVII(2) C, IV(a) Moore, R. W., 5 Moreno, N. B., XIX(2)E Morgan, C., XIX(2)E Morrow, G. R., IV(I)B.C. (Morse, S. F. B.), XIX(I)B Mosoriak, R., 45 Moss, R. L. B., 2 Movius, H. L., Jr., 8 Muckle, J. T., 6 Muller, R., III(i) Mullett, C. F., XIX(i)D Muntner, S., XII(2) Myres, J. L., 44 Myres, J. N. L., 5

Nachod, H., XV(2) Nadeau, G., 35 Navin, W. E., XIX(I)B Needham, J., 10, 27 Nelson, H. H., 2 Nemoy, L., XIII(2) Neuburger, M., XVIII(i)D, XX D, 5c Neugebauer, O., 3 Neuman, A. A., 12 Newton, I., XVII(2)A Nicolson, D. C. W., XX D Noe, S. P., 4 Nogara, B., 5 Nolan, J. B., XVIII(2) B North, F. J., XIX(i)C Noshy, I., 2 Nunemaker, J. H., XIII(2) Nykl, A. R., XI(2), 6

Obermiller, E., XIV(2) Ocaiia Jim6nez, M., 14 Odum, H. W., 35 Oilier, F., 4 Olmstead, A. T., II(i) Olmsted, J. M. D., XIX(I)D Olschki, L., XIII(2) Olson, L., XIV(i) Olszewska, E. S., XII(i) O'Malley, C. D., XVI (I)D O'Neill, H., XV(2) Osborn, C. S., IV(a) Osborn, H. F., 29 Osborn, S., IV(a)

Osgood, C., IV(a) Ou Itai, Io

Pagel, W., XVII ()E Pallis, S. A., 3 Panini, F., XVIII (i)C Paoli, H. J., XVI(x)D Parke, H. W., 4 Parker, C. M., 26 Parrot, A., 3 Parsons, R. P., XX D Pearson, F. R., 5 Pelliot, P., XI( ), 8 (Penn. German Folklore Soc.), 57 Pereira-Mendoza, J., XI (2) Peremans, W., 2 Peterson, C. B., IV(a) Petrie, G. F., XIX(2)D Pfister, L. (S.J.), 1o Piccoli, G., i Pieper, M., 2 Pleadwell, F. L., XIX(i)D Pocorny, F. J., 28 Poidebard, A., 5 Pol, N., XVI(i)D Polo, M., XIII(2) Porter, B., 2 Porter, C. L., 28 Preisendanz, K., 2 Prentice, E. P., 29 Przyluski, J., 9

Quadri, G., 14 (Quarterly Bull. of Chin. Bibliog.), o1 Quibell, J. E., 2 Quiggin, A. H., XIX(2)C Quintana i Mari, A., XVI ()E

Rafinesque, C. S., XIX(i)C Raisz, E., 31

O Rathmann, W., 4 Ravagnan, L. M., 37 Rawidowicz, S., XII(2) Rayleigh, Lord, XIX(2)B Reade, W. H. V., XIV(i) (Reading Hospital), 52 Reddy, D. V. S., XIX(I)D Reisner, G. A., 2 Remington, P., XVIII(2)B Renan, E., XIX(2)E Renaud, H. P. J., XI(I), XII(2) Resnikoff, L. A., 12 Rice, J. V., XVII ()E Richeson, A. W., XIX( ) B Riefstahl, E., 2 Riese, W., XIX(2)D Riposati, B., I(2)B.C. Robertson, E., XVIII(2 )B Robinson, R., IV(i)B.C. Robinson, V., XVIII(2)B, 50 Rodgers, W. L., I Roes, A., 4 Roper, R. C., XVIII (2)E Rose, J. C., 3 Rose, J. H., XVI(2)E Rose, W., 43 Rosen, E., XVI(i)B

277



278

Rosen, G., XVII(2)E, XIX(i)D Rosenthal, E. I. J., XVI(i)E (Ross, Sir E. D.), XX E Roth, C., 2 (Rothamsted), 28 Rowbotham, A. H., io Roys, R. L., IV(a) Ruppert, K., IV(a) Russell, J. C., XIII(I)

Sachs, C., 45 Sampson, H., XVII(2)D Sanchez-Albornoz, C., 14 Sanford, E. M., 6 Sarton, G., XIV(2), XVII(i)C,

XIX(i)B, I6, 20 Saunders, J. B. de C. M., XVI(i)D Saussure, R. de, XIX ()D Schaeffer, C. F. A., 6 Schierlitz, E., Io

Schilpp, P. A., XX E Schnusenberg, P. A., io Scholem, G. G., 12

Schr6dinger, E., XIX(2)B Schuster, M., 5 Schwarz, E. H. L., 10

(Science in the University), XX E (Scientific spirit), i8

Scollard, R. J., 6 Scott, N. E., 2 Seagrave, G. S., XX D Seguin, A., 5 Seiffert, G., 27 Seligman, C. G., 2

Sengupta, P. C., 9 Sethe, K., 2

Setton, K. M., XII(2) Shaw, J. B., 20

Shryock, R. H., 6 Sicco, A., XX D Sigerist, H. E., XII(i), XV(2),

XVI(x)D, XIX(x)D, 50, 54 Simons, J., 2 Skemp, J. B., IV(I)B.C. Smallwood, W. M., 27 Smith, A. L., IV(a) Smith, P. E., 27 Smith, S. B., I(I)B.C. Sorokin, P. A., 43 Souques, A. A., 4 Speleers, L., 2 Spiegelberg, W., 2 Spinka, M., XVII ()E Spon, C., 5 Stael-Holstein, A. v., 8 Starcky, J., 5 Steensberg, A., 39 Stein, Sir A., XIX(I)E Stein, S., XVI(2)E Steinberg, S. H., XIV(I) Steindorff, G., 2

Index to 66th Critical Bibliography Stenzel, J., IV (i) B.C. Stern, C., 8 Steuer, R. 0., 2 Straus, W. L., Jr., XVI(i)D Strong, W. D., IV(a) Suter, R., XVII (I)E Sutherland, C. H. V., 5 Suys, E. (S.J.), 2

Swanson, J. H., 12 Swanton, J. R., IV(a) Swarzenski, H., XIII () Swift, E. H., VI( ) Szczesniak, B., XVI ()B

Taliaferro, W. H., XX D Taube, E., 32 Tchemerzine, A., 16 Teich, N., XVII(2)A Temkin, 0., XVI ()D Terris, M., 52 Thierry, J. B., 10

Thompson, Sir H., 2 Thompson, R. C., 3 Thomson, S. H., XIII(i), 6 Thorek, M., XX D Thorington, J. M., 29 Thorndike, L., XIII(2), XIV(i) Thureau-Dangin, F., 3 Thurville-Petre, G., XIII(') Tollington, R. B., 4 Townend, B. R., 3, 51 Travers, M. W., XIX(2)B Trent, J. C., XVII(i)D, XVIII(2)D Tschan, F. J., X(2) Tschen Yuan, XVII(i)B Tsui Chi, io Turner, W., XVI(2)E

(U. S. Dept. of Agriculture), 28 Urdang, G., 53

Van Buren, A. W., 5 Van den Brandt, F. J., 10 Vandier, J., 2 Venturi, L., XIX (i)E Verhaeren, H., 10 Vesalius, XVI(i) D Victor, K., XVIII(2)E Viets, H. R., XX D Villanova, A. of, XIII(2) Vinter, A. V., XX B Vowles, H. P., XVIII(2)B

Waley, A., VI B.C., XIV(2) Walker, G. W., 23 Wallis, W. D., 49 Walters, R., XIX(i)B Wardlaw, C. W., 28 Warmington, E. H., 4 Waschow, H., 3 Wassermann, F. M., II () B.C.

Watelin, L. C., 3 Webb, H. J., XVI(2)D Weeks, M. E., 25 Weill, R., 2

Weinberger, B. W., XVIII(2)D Weinreich, H., 4 Weisinger, H., XV(2) Weiss, H. B., XIX(2)C, 50 Wells, J. W., XIX(I)C Weltfish, G., 35 Weslager, C. A., XVII(2)E West, L. C., 5 Whatmough, J., 5 Wheeler, R. E. M., 5 Wheeler, T. V., 5 Wheelwright, M. C., IV(a) Whitaker, A. P., 32 White, L. A., XIX(2)C White, W., XIX(2)D White, W. C., 12 Whittier, E. C., 25 Widener, G. D., XV (2) Widjojoatmodjo, R. A., 14 Wieruszowski, H., XIV( ) Wieschhoff, H. A., IV(c) Wigglesworth, V. B., XIX(I)E Wilbur, C. M., Io Wilcken, U., 2 Wilson, C. M., 28 Wilson, L., 43 Winkler, H. A., 2 Winlock, H. E., 2 Winnington-Ingram, R. P., 4 Winslow, C. E. A., 51 Winter, H. J. J., XVIII(2)A, XIX(x)B Winter, J. G., 2 Wirt, S. K., XVI ()D Wiseman, P. J., 3 Wolf, W., 2 Wolff, K. H., 43 Wolfson, H. A., XII(i) Wood, C. E., Jr., IV(c) Woodbine, G. E., 6 Woodbury, D. 0., XIX(2)B Woodforde, C., XIV (I) Woolley, C. L., 3 Worrell, W. H., 2, 14 Wrede, W., 4

Yap Pow-meng, o1

Yerkes, R. M., 29 Yetts, W. P., VI B.C. Young, K., XIV(2) Yule, G. U., 46

Zayas-Bazan y Perdomo, H., 53 Zeitlin, J., 29 Zilboorg, G., XVI(I)D, XX D, 37, 50 Zinszer, H. A., 33 Zwemer, S. M., 14 Zweig, S., XVI ()C



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