Today’s PlanToday’s Plan1)1) JumpstartJumpstart

2)2) Reading MinuteReading Minute

3)3) Notes: AppeasementNotes: Appeasement

4)4) Post WW1 MapPost WW1 Map

5)5) Timeline – Leading to WW2Timeline – Leading to WW2

Jumpstart AssignmentJumpstart AssignmentWhat does this cartoon suggest about What does this cartoon suggest about Hitler and his enemies (the “leaders of Hitler and his enemies (the “leaders of democracy”)?democracy”)?

Timeline – Leading to Timeline – Leading to WW2WW2 Hitler becomes Chancellor of GermanyHitler becomes Chancellor of Germany

Mussolini becomes “Mussolini becomes “il duceil duce” of Italy” of Italy Japan attacks Manchuria, ChinaJapan attacks Manchuria, China Rape of NanjingRape of Nanjing Germany invades the Saar and Rhineland regions of FranceGermany invades the Saar and Rhineland regions of France Mussolini invades EthiopiaMussolini invades Ethiopia Hitler invades AustriaHitler invades Austria Hitler takes over Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia)Hitler takes over Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) Britain, France and Germany agree to the Munich PactBritain, France and Germany agree to the Munich Pact Hitler and Stalin agree to the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression PactHitler and Stalin agree to the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Hitler invades PolandHitler invades Poland Hitler takes over Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Hitler takes over Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and

LuxembourgLuxembourg Hitler invades FranceHitler invades France British troops evacuate DunkirkBritish troops evacuate Dunkirk Hitler begins air assault on Great BritainHitler begins air assault on Great Britain German U-boats attack American shipsGerman U-boats attack American ships Germany invades Soviet UnionGermany invades Soviet Union

January 1933: Hitler became January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of GermanyChancellor of Germany

Hitler soon ordered a Hitler soon ordered a programme of rearming programme of rearming

GermanyGermany

Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.

March 1936: German troops March 1936: German troops marched into the Rhinelandmarched into the Rhineland

The Rhineland was a region of Germany that was ‘demilitarised’ after the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was not allowed to have troops in the region.

Hitler’s actions showed how he was willing to directly challenge the treaty (Versailles).

March 1938: Nazi March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed AustriaGermany annexed Austria

Again, this went against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from uniting with Austria.

However, the arrival of German troops was met with great enthusiasm by many Austrian people.

March 1939: Germany March 1939: Germany invaded Czechoslovakiainvaded Czechoslovakia

Hitler had ordered the Hitler had ordered the occupation of a part of occupation of a part of Czechoslovakia known as Czechoslovakia known as the the Sudetenland Sudetenland (in October (in October 1938). Many hoped that that 1938). Many hoped that that this would be the last this would be the last conquest of the Nazis. conquest of the Nazis.

Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non-aggression pact’.

They promised that neither country would attack the other in the event of war.

As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon.

August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact

This photo shows the Russian foreign minister signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the background

The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies. seen as natural enemies.

When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia. thought that he meant Russia.

Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in RussiaHitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia

HitlerStalin

But, the pact allowed Germany to march into But, the pact allowed Germany to march into Poland without fear of an attack from Russia. Poland without fear of an attack from Russia.

On September 1On September 1stst, 1939, Germany invaded , 1939, Germany invaded Poland and started a War with Britain and Poland and started a War with Britain and France.France.

A German A German blitzkrieg blitzkrieg (sudden attack) quickly (sudden attack) quickly defeated Polish armies.defeated Polish armies.

September 1939: Germany invaded Poland

German troops marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

May 1940: Germany turned May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and west and invaded France and

the Netherlandsthe NetherlandsIn May 1940, In May 1940, Germany used Germany used BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg tactics to tactics to attack France and attack France and the Netherlands.the Netherlands.

British troops were British troops were forced to retreat forced to retreat from the beaches of from the beaches of DunkirkDunkirk in in northern France.northern France.Captured British

troops, May 1940

By June 1940, France had By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germanssurrendered to the Germans

Britain and their leader Britain and their leader Winston Winston Churchill Churchill now stood alone as the last now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe.in Western Europe.

Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

U.S. IsolationismU.S. Isolationism Neutrality Act of 1935 Neutrality Act of 1935 – prohibits – prohibits

American’s from selling weapons or American’s from selling weapons or loaning money to warring countriesloaning money to warring countries

Neutrality Act of 1939 Neutrality Act of 1939 – allowed a cash-– allowed a cash-and-carry provisionand-carry provision

Land-Lease Act of 1941 Land-Lease Act of 1941 - “all aid short - “all aid short of war.”of war.”

Atlantic Charter Atlantic Charter – Roosevelt meets with – Roosevelt meets with Churchill and agrees to “general Churchill and agrees to “general security.”security.”

September 1940September 1940

Germany, Italy Germany, Italy and Japan sign and Japan sign the the Triparte Triparte Pact Pact and and became allies became allies known as the known as the AXIS.AXIS.

September 1940-May September 1940-May 1941: 1941: the Blitzthe Blitz

For the following nine For the following nine months, the German air months, the German air force (force (LuftwaffeLuftwaffe) launched ) launched repeated bombing raids on repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities. British towns and cities. This was known as This was known as the the BLITZ BLITZ and was an attempt and was an attempt to bomb Britain into to bomb Britain into submission.submission.

Operation Barbarossa, June Operation Barbarossa, June 19411941

But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack against of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made.the promises he had made.

This was a bold move that would prove to This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the War.be an important turning point in the War.

TasksTasksFirst, use the timeline to indicate the First, use the timeline to indicate the order of events on your World War II order of events on your World War II maps.maps.

Then answer the following questions:Then answer the following questions:1)1) In what ways did Hitler ignore the In what ways did Hitler ignore the

Treaty of Versailles?Treaty of Versailles?2)2) At what stage do you think other At what stage do you think other

countries should have attempted to countries should have attempted to stop Hitler by using force? Why do stop Hitler by using force? Why do you think they did not?you think they did not?

3)3) How was Hitler able to take over How was Hitler able to take over Western Europe so quickly?Western Europe so quickly?

4)4) Why did he create problems for the Why did he create problems for the German army by deciding to invade German army by deciding to invade Russia?Russia?