Download - Science Chapter 2 Form 2
Variety of Living Variety of Living ThingThing
After learn this topic, the student should be able to:
Explain the variety of living things
Classification the variety of living things
1. A habitat is the natural place where a living thing lives1. A habitat is the natural place where a living thing lives2. Different animals and plants live in different habitat2. Different animals and plants live in different habitat
Animal Habitat
snake bushes
bird tree
amoeba pond
termite wood
whale sea
camel desert
Habitat of living things
Plant Habitat
cactus desert
mushroom wood
durian tree orchard
coconut tree seashore
duckweed pond
lotus lake
Animals Plants
Habitat of living thing
Classification of animals Classification of animals based on common based on common
characteristicscharacteristics
•Eagle•Chicken•Sparrow•Rabbit•Cow•Tiger•Lizard•Snake
•Jellyfish•Prawn•Crab•Squid•Whale•Dolphin•Eel•Pomfret
•Crocodile•Frog•Turtle•Tortoise
Classification of animals
Habitat Breathing organs
Land Water Water and land Gills Lungs Moist skin
•Crab•Tadpole•Eel•Prawn•Pomfret•Seahorse
•Elephant•Horse•Cow•Penguin•Chicken•Snake•Frog•Human
•Frog•Toad
Classification of plants based on Classification of plants based on common characteristicscommon characteristics
•Jackfruit tree•Balsam plant•Grass•Lallang
•Lotus plant•Duckweed•Water hyacinth•Spirogyra
•Mango tree•Durian tree•Rambutan tree
•Yam plant•Balsam plant•Lallang•Maize plant
Classification of plants
Habitat Type of stem Method of reproduction
Land Water Hard Soft Seed Spores
•Guava tree•Rambutan tree•Durian tree•Coconut tree
•Fern•Moss•Fungus•Bread mould•mushroom
Plants
Flowering plants
Plants that produce flowers for reprodution.
Non-flowering plants
Plants that do not produce flowers. Instead reproduce by forming spores or cones
Constructing a system of classificationConstructing a system of classification
1. A dichotomous key of identification is used to classify organism.
2. Pairs of opposite characteristics are used in the identification key.
3. At each instance, a pair of opposite characteristics are used.
4. The identification key is constructed following two ways to identify the following animals.
garden snail snake eagle
bee bat cat
FlowFlow chartchartGroup of animals
With wings Without wings
Segmentedbody(Bee)
Unsegmentedbody
With legs(Cat)
No legs
Feathers(Eagle)
No feathers(Bat)
Hard shell(Garden snail)
No shell(Snake)
Using statementUsing statement
1. With wings………………………………………………………………… see (2)Without wings…………………………………………………………… see (3)
2. Segmented body……………………………………………………… Bee Unsegmented body…………………………………………………… see (4)
3. With legs…………………………………………………………………… CatNo legs………………………………………………………………………… see (5)
4. With feathers…………………………………………………………… EagleNo feathers……………………………………………………………… Bat
5. Has hard shell………………………………………………………… SnailNo shell……………………………………………………………………… Snake
System of classification of System of classification of animalsanimals
Animal can be classified into two group
Invertebrates Vertebrates
VertebratesVertebrates
1. Vertebrates are animals with backbones.2. Warm blooded vertebrates
(homoiothermic) have fixed body temperatures. Cold blooded vertebrates (poikilothermic) have body temperatures, that change according to the temperature of their surroundings.
3. Vertebrates can be divided into five main groups, which are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of mammalsexamples of mammals
Class of vertebrate
Characteristics Examples of animals
Habitat Type of blood
Body Breathing organ
Reproduction
Type of reproduction
Mammals Land Warm blooded
•Covered with fur or hair•Have external ears•Have mammary (milk) glands (produce milk for the young)
Lungs Give birth to young
Internal fertilisation
•Rabbit•Cat•Goat
Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of amphibiansexamples of amphibians
Class of vertebrate
Characteristics Examples of animalsHabitat Type
of blood
Body Breathing organ
Reproduction
Type of reproduction
Amphibians
Water and land
Cold blooded
Covered by moist skin
•Gills (tadpole stage)•Lungs (adult stage)•Skin (adult stage)
•Lay eggs•Eggs have no shell
External fertilisation
•Toad •Frog
Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of reptilesexamples of reptiles
Class of vertebrate
Characteristics Examples of animals
Habitat
Type of blood
Body Breathing organ
Reproduction
Type of reproduction
Reptiles Water and land
Cold blooded
Covered with dry scales
Lungs •Lay eggs•Eggs have shells (rattle snakes gives birth to young)
Internal fertilisation
•Snakes•crocodile
Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of birdsexamples of birds
Class of vertebrate
Characteristics Examples of animals
Habitat
Type of blood
Body Breathing organ
Reproduction
Type of reproduction
Birds Land Warm blooded
•Covered with feathers•Have beaks•Legs covered with dry scales
Lungs •Lay eggs•Egg have shell
Internalfertilisation
•Bird•Chicken
Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of fishexamples of fish
Class of vertebrate
Characteristics Examples of animalsHabita
tType of blood
Body Breathing organ
Reproduction
Type of reproduction
Fish Water Cold blooded
Covered with slimy scales
Gills Lay eggs (sharks give birth to young)
External fertilisation
•Fish
Unusual characteristics of Unusual characteristics of some mammalssome mammals
1. Bats – have wings and fly like birds.2. Whales and dolphins – live in water
like fish.3. Anteaters – lay eggs, have dry scales
on their bodies like reptiles. 4. Platypus – lay eggs and have beaks
like ducks.
InvertebratesInvertebrates
1. Invertebrates are animals which do not have backbones.
2. Invertebrates make up the most number of animals in the world.
3. Most invertebrates live in water.
4. Some invertebrates have a hard external skeleton for protection like the crab and the beetle.
5. Some invertebrates have soft bodies using their body fluids for support like in earthworms and leaches.
ReviewReview
1. Habitat is a place where an organism lives.
2. Living things are classified as animals and plant and then into classes based on their common characteristics.
3. Animal are classified as invertebrates and vertebrates.
4. Invertebrates are animals without backbones and make up a large number of the living things found on Earth.
5. Vertebrates are animals with backbones and are divided into five classes, i.e. fish, mammals, reptiles, birds and amphibians.
Pmr focus practicePmr focus practiceEach question is followed by four options. Choose the best answer for each question
1. The table below shows organisms and their habitats. Which of the following is true ?
Organism Habitat Snake Lake Cactus plant Desert Shark Pond Lotus Garden
2.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the list of animals shown above ?
Breathes through gills Support by body fluids Does not have a
backbone Lives in water
• centipede• prawn• moth
B.
A.
C.
D.
C.
D.
B.
A.
3. Dolphins caught in the nets of fishermen will die because dolphins………
Breathe through their
lungs Have moist skin Are big in size Will die of starvation
Which of the following is a common characteristic among all the vertebrates listed above?
Cold blooded Lay eggs Internal fertilisation Body covered by slimy scales
A.
B.C.D.
Frog Shark Crocodile
A.
B.C.D.
4
5. Table shows the habitats of various organisms. Which of the following habitats do X, Y and Z represent ?
X Y Z
Pond Sea Tree
Tree Pond Sea Swamp Sea
Pond Tree Bushes Soil
6. Figure shows the classification of vertebrates. Which of the following characteristics differentiates the animal in class X and Y ?
Method of fertilisation
Type of breathing organ Control of body temperature The way of giving birth
Habitat
Organism
X Bracket fungus
Y Duckweed
Z Starfish
B.
C.D.
A.
Vertebrates
Amphibians Mammals Fish
X Y
C.
A.B.
D.
7. Which of the following groups of animal are made up of vertebrates only ?
Chicken, penguin, fish
Scorpion, housefly, tortoise Lizard, housefly, mosquito Spider, centipede, crab
8. Figure shows a graph of the body temperature of an animal set against the temperature of its surroundings. Which of the following is the
animal ? Bat Toad Monitor lizard Eel
Body temperature
Temperature of surroundings
B.
C.
D.
A.
A.
B.C.D.
Summary of InstructionsA
I,II,IIIB
I,II onlyC
II,III onlyD
I only
9. Which of the following are the common characteristics of an eel and a toad ?
I Breathes through their gills II Cold blooded III Carries out external fertilisation
10. Which of the following are the characteristics of the list of animals shown above ?
I Do not have backbones II Have an external hard shell III Carries out external fertilisation
• Millepede • Scorpion• Cockroach
A. B. D.
A. B. C. D.
C.