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A TECHNICAL
SEMINAR ONSupervisory Control And DataAcquisition System (SCADA)
ByD. Bhanu Sowjanya
&K.Ravi Kiran
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CONTENTS ABSTRACT HISTORY INTRODUCTION
SCADA NETWORK COMPONENTS MASTER TERMINAL UNIT (MTU) REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) FACTORS CONSIDERED
APPLICATION OF SCADA CONCLUSION
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ABST
RACT
Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) is a computer system for
gathering and analyzing real time data.SCADA system are designed to monitorand control a plant or equipment inindustries.
SCADA systems can also be programmedto automatically respond to changes insystem parameters, either by performingautomated actions or by sounding an
alarm, which can alert operators.
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HISTORY Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) was first
developed in 1960 s. The technology of rockets and aircraft afforded man with
the opportunity to investigate weather and planetary data.However, for accurate weather prediction, more detailedinformation was needed from the atmosphere. There were
two questions to be answered. How could accurate data begathered from the atmosphere and communicated back to afacility on the Earths surface? And, how might data begathered from a number of sites in one centralized locationto record, analyze, and then predict the weather. On behalfof these questions, SCADA was developed and was
approved. Early SCADA systems used mainframe technology andrequired human operators to maintain by this increased thehuman labor cost.
Today SCADA system is generally much more automated,and consequently more cost efficient.
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INT
RO
DUCT
ION
SCADA systems are used not only in industrialprocesses: e.g. steel making,
power generation (conventional and nuclear) anddistribution, chemistry, but also in some experimental
facilities such as nuclear fusion. SCADA systems used torunon DOS, VMS, and UNIX; in recent years all SCADAvendors have moved to NT andsome also to Linux. SCADA provides an economic advantage. SCADA
becomes a better alternative to an operator orrepairmans visiting the site for adjustments andinspections. Distance and remoteness are two majorfactors for implementing SCADA systems. .
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SCADA 3000 Control Unit Sensaphone,
Inc.
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SCADANETWORKCOMPONENTS
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There are three major elements to a SCADA system: The Operator. Master Unit Terminal Communications ( MTU). Remote Unit Terminal (RTU).
The operator exercises control through information that isdepicted on a video display unit (VDU). Input to the system
normally initiates from the operator via the master terminalunits keyboard. The MTU monitors information from remote sites and displays
information for the operator. The relationship between MTU and RTU is analogous to master
and slave. Depending on the complexity the MTU may proceed
to a solution by trail and error method embedded in its
programming that allow it to make modifications to the systemto maintain optimality.
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The master terminal unit initiates all communication,gathers data, stores information, sends information toother systems, and interfaces with operators.
The MTU is a general-purpose platform like a pc, scadarunning software. The major difference between theMTU and RTU is that the MTU initiates virtually allcommunications by its programming and people.
Almost all communication is initiated. By the MTU. TheMTU also communicates with other peripheral devicesin the facility like monitors, printers or otherinformation systems.
MASTE
RTE
RMINAL U
NIT
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Inputs and Outputs for MTU
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Remote terminal units gather information fromtheir remote site from various input devices, likevalves, pumps, alarms, meters, etc. Essentially,data is either analog (real numbers), digital(on/off), or pulse data (e.g., counting revolutionsof meters).
Many remote terminal units hold the informationgathered in their memory and wait for a request
from the MT
U to transmit the data.
REMOTETERMINAL UNIT
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Inputs and Outputs for RTU
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Operation of SCADA
Applications of SCADA
Location used
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Factors to be considered for
selecting SCADA
Numbers of input/output points, Analogand Discrete.
Data transmission and communicationnetwork.
Control features.
Software and security issues General security issues Cost
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1.Number of i/o points, analog
and discrete
In building a customized SCADAsystem
oprepare a list of assets associatedwith particular utility.
o Identifying the operational parameters
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2. Data Transmission and
Communication Network Data transmission can be provided via two
primary channels:
Hardwired andwireless.
Three considerations when choosing theappropriate type of transmission system are
theSpeed of transmissionThe amount of data that can be
transferred, and cost.
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3)C
ontrolF
eatures
The control function of SCADA system is
achieved through use of PLCs. PLCs use a programming language called"relay ladder logic."
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4) Software and Security Issues
The SCADA software typically runs on IBMPC or compatible computers under
Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT or2000operating systems.
Software packages compatible with otheroperating systems (e.g. UNIX) are also
available. The selection of software is such that itshould be capable of providing graphicaluser interface.
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Example of graphical user
interface
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5. General Security Issues
Security provided to SCADA system byconsidering some of the issues:
The ability to set up a passwordsystem.
The ability to trace logins.
Secure data transmission technology.
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6.cost
Cost for SCADA system can be dividedinto:
software cost
Hardware cost and
Installation cost
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Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Committee Advanced
Measurement Initiative Monitoring Platform
The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Committee (ORSANCO),improvewater quality in the Ohio River and its tributaries, has set up a SC
monitor its system for volatile organic carbon contamination.
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CONCLUSION
SCADA systems can reliably monitorand control a process without requiringan operators supervision.
SCADA systems also allow you to count,totalize, trend, data log and calculatevaluable information about your process.
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QUERIES
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