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United Republic of TanzaniaUnited Republic of Tanzania

MANAGING LAND USE, PROTECTING LANDMANAGING LAND USE, PROTECTING LANDAND MITIGATING LAND DEGRADATION:AND MITIGATING LAND DEGRADATION:

TANZANIA CASE STUDYTANZANIA CASE STUDY

R. S. MuyungiR. S. MuyungiAssistant Director and UNCCD/UNFCCCAssistant Director and UNCCD/UNFCCC

Focal PointFocal Point


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OUTLINEOUTLINE

IntroductionIntroduction

The Strategy on Urgent Action toThe Strategy on Urgent Action to

Combat the Degradation of LandCombat the Degradation of Landandand Conserve Water catchmentConserve Water catchment

areas in Tanzaniaareas in Tanzania

ChallengesChallengesConclusionConclusion


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1. Introduction1. Introduction

Efforts to Combat land degradation and conservewater catchment areas and related ecosystems inTanzania are linked to the overall national effortstowards poverty eradication and sustainabledevelopment. The National Strategy for Growthand Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) of 2005provides a close relationship between reduction ofPoverty and the sustainability of the productive

Sectors, particularly agriculture that counts for45% of the GDP and about 60% of the exportearnings as well as livelihood to over 80% of thepopulation.


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Energy supply is also dependent on the

existence of well functioning and unexploitedwater catchments, dry land areas and related

ecosystems, much as agricultural productivity

and sustainability is dependent on Sustainable

land management particularly degraded lands inthe dry lands. The challenge is how to make

these sectors, individually and collectively,

contribute more to poverty reduction and sustain

the economic growth envisaged to achieve theNational 2020 Vision of a country with a

transitional economy.


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Other policies and strategies:-

NEAP, 1994; NEP, 1997; NAP, 1999 & Reviewed

2004; ILFEMP, 2002. Policies reviewed:- Forest,

Wildlife, Mineral, Fisheries, Water, Agriculture,

Energy, and the National Land policy.

Legislations to promote effective environmental

management:- EMA, 2004; Water Act,

1999, Forest Act, 2002, Mining Act 1998

etc.


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2. The Strategy on Urgent Action to2. The Strategy on Urgent Action to

Combat the Degradation of LandCombat the Degradation of Landandand Conserve Water catchmentConserve Water catchment

areas in Tanzaniaareas in Tanzania

Land degradation and degradation of watercatchments has continued to be a national

challenge;

Over 60% of the land area is facing threats

of desertification;An Inter ministerial Steering Committee has

been put in place and is Chaired by Vice

President.


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3. Challenges

The Strategy identifies problems andchallenges on land degradation and water

catchment areas. The challenges are:-

i.) Environmental degradation arising from the

invasion of water sources/catchment areasby livestock keepers/herdsmen.

ii.) Environmental degradation arising fromillegal human activities related to agriculture

and livestock keeping, settlement along theslopes of mountains, on top of mountainranges, in river valley and around watersources.


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iii.)iii.) Environmental degradation due to deforestation

and massive tree cutting for firewood,charcoal and house construction in urbanareas.

iv.) Unsustainable small and large scale irrigation

projects and programmes with negativeconsequences on biodiversity and wateravailability in dams for hydroelectricity.

v.) Inadequate accurate data and information at

district level regarding water sources anduses

vi.) Environmental degradation and deterioration ofwater sources due to wild fire.


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vii.) Drying up of water sources resulting from the

planting and growth of alien and exotic treespecies.

viii.) Desertification and drought in many parts ofthe country.

ix.) Limited public awareness and involvement inenvironmental protection and sustainableutilization of natural resources.

x.) Land use conflicts between various

stakeholders and environmentaldegradation.

xi.) Environmental Degradation arising frommining activities


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4. Conclusion

Sustainable land management can be achieved

by integrating international and nationalefforts at different levels. The UNCCD, GEFand the International community need toincrease financial support to countries that

have shown clear commitment to addressland degradation. Tanzania has put in placethis Strategy as a clear indication of its totalcommitment to Combat Land Degradationand mitigates the effects of drought;

The UN Convention to Combat Desertificationremains an important multilateralenvironmental agreement in CombatingDesertification and Land Degradation.


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There should be a renewed commitment from

developed countries to support the implementationof NAP and such Strategy through the UNCCD.

As a link between UNCCD and Climate Change,

Sustainable Afforestation and reforestation

can address land degradation through

Carbon traded incentives from Afforestation

and reforestation as well as avoideddeforestation. However, national ownership

of carbon trade using such activities is a pre

requisite.


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Capacity building in terms of having a critical

mass of government institutions and

national non government actors that can

venture into carbon trade is critical.

Reduced rate of desertification through

enhanced growth of natural vegetation can

lead to reduced conflicts between

pastoralists and farmers. Efforts towards

better land use planning and land reformsare very important. This is what the

strategy advocates and needs to be

supported by the international community.


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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