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Ruminant Animals
b.stev
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THE RUMEN
EACH millilitre of rumenrumen digestive juice:
10 – 50 billionbillion MICROBES
1 millionmillion PROTOZOA
variable YEASTS & FUNGI
environmenenvironment of the rumen is ANAEROBIC
fermentation process of digestion: helped by these MICROBESMICROBES
(Bowen, 2006)
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The interaction between the different speciesspecies of microbesmicrobes aid each in their metabolic
processes
WASTES that are produced from one species is the nutrient to the metabolism of another
A complex FOOD web
oseopgeusgases
today’s hay
grain &yesterday’s hay
THE RUMEN
(Bowen, 2006)
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CELLULOLYTIC – DIGESTDIGEST cellulose
HEMICELLULOLYTIC – hemicellulose
AMYLOLYTIC – starch
PROTEOLYTIC – proteins
SUGAR utilizers – simple saccharides
AMMONIA producers
VITAMIN synthesisers
METHANE producers
LIST of the MICROBES MICROBES within:
(Bowen, 2006)
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THE RUMEN is acidic: ‘BICARBONATE’ - is produced in saliva helps to maintain equilibrium
A COW produces 100 – 150 L per day
chewed feed - periodically returned from the rumen mouth where it is chewedchewed again
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AN EXAMPLE:
COWS fed with grainsgrains have considerably lower concentrations cellulolytic species
(Wikipedia, 2008)
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THE RUMEN pH is most favourable at : 6 – 7 severe pH fluctuations alter: microbe population
INTRODUCTION : new feed must be done:
– little and often
ALLOW normal/ gorge FEEDING DEPLETE A MICROBE TO EXTINCTION &
SERIOUS HEALTH EFFECTS CAN OCCUR
CARE is required : feeding the animal
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Bibliography
Wikipedia. (2008). Rumen – wikipedia, the free enclyclopedia. Retrieved September 28, 2008, from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumen - 35k -
Bowen. R. (2006). Digestive physiology of herbivores. Retrieved September 28, 2008, from http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion /herbivores/index.html