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.h.
Build a private cloud computing
environment using red Hat
network satellite
2 AbstrAct:
2 IntroductIon: defInIng the
prIvAte cloud
3 chArActerIstIcs of cloud computIng
3 prIvAte clouds, externAl clouds,
And vIrtuAlIzAtIon
6 prIvAte cloud versus A vIrtuAlIzed
envIronment
6 prIvAte cloud benefIts
7 prIvAte cloud Issues
7 the role of red hAt network
sAtellIte In the prIvAte cloud
8 systems mAnAgement Issues In
the cloud
9 A model for buIldIng And mAnAgIng
A prIvAte cloud wIth rhn sAtellIte
11 summAry
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2 .h.
Build a private cloud computing environment using Red Hat Network Satellite
aBstract
Cloud computing is gaining interest, but many organizations are not ready or able to shift their current work-
loads to physical external datacenters. The creation of a private cloud helps enterprises realize the benets
of cloud computing, as well as reduce their physical hardware footprint. This paper provides a detailed
overview of how organizations can use Red Hat® Network (RHN) Satellite in combination with Red Hat
Enterprise Linux® and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization to construct and manage a private cloud computing
environment.
introduction: defining tHe private cloud
Cloud computing is one of the top trends today, even spilling into consumer advertising. But what exactly is
the cloud? Does it make sense for enterprise computing?
In its most basic sense, cloud computing is a model for on-demand computing resources, including networks,
servers, storage — even applications and services. It is an abstracted, exible environment.
Ideally, all of this can be rapidly congured, deployed, recongured, and redeployed as-needed. The goal is
to reduce or eliminate the need to overbuild an infrastructure to be able to meet peak demand, especially
when that demand may be only periodic or seasonal.
While the benets of cloud computing are highly desirable, there are also drawbacks such as security and
availability. Many organizations cannot put proprietary or trusted data on external networks, and trusting
an amorphous external bank of computing resources may not be sufcient for those that require predictable
fast response and high availability.
Some cloud computing solutions do not have standards-based interfaces, which makes implementing and
managing enterprise resources more difcult and costly. In addition, any non-standard interface places the
enterprise at risk of vendor lock-in, increasing the costs of moving to another provider or solution should the
need arise.
However, in order to mitigate some of the concerns over response time and availability, cloud computing can
also be used inside the organization in the form of a private cloud. Moreover, that same approach can also be
used to build and operate a private cloud within an external cloud.
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.h. 3
figure 1: types of clouds
PRIVATEVIRTUAL
PRIVATEPUBLIC HYBRID
TYPES OF CLOUDS
Build a private cloud computing environment using Red Hat Network Satellite
cHaracteristics of cloud computing
The key characteristics of cloud computing are:
•On-demand, self-service access and provisioning
•Resource pooling
•Rapid elasticity
•Measured service
A system with these characteristics allows organizations to deploy servers rapidly and at-will, using a bank
of ready resources. These resources can be quickly and easily provisioned and re-positioned. And the full
environment can be monitored and measured to track usage, cost, and requirements.
The cloud environment can also be easily expanded and is not bound to a single location or facility.
private clouds, external clouds, and
virtualization
External cloud providers charge for their resources in a metered service, but to fully take advantage of
external clouds, organizations must commit to substantive bandwidth or ‘pipes’ to reduce lag times and
make rapid deployment possible. External clouds can also carry increased security and availability risks,
as well as non-standardized interfaces and lock-in.
Internal or private clouds allow enterprises to create their own on-demand service infrastructure, while
keeping it safely inside their organization. This allows for a high degree of exibility and offers clear cost
controls.
But what are the differences between using virtualization and building a private cloud? And are private
clouds limited to internal infrastructure?
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4 .h.
figure 2
INTRANET
PRIVATE CLOUD
Red Hat Enterprise Linux,Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization,
Red Hat Network, MRG,
JBoss Enterprise Middleware
Compute
resources
Storage,
files,
DB
Network,
community,
queuing
vCompute
resources
vStorage,
files,
DB
vNetwork,
community,
queuing
ENTERPRISE
Build a private cloud computing environment using Red Hat Network Satellite
Virtualization is the process of abstracting the hardware to run multiple servers on the same physical
hardware device. Typically virtualization is used in much the same way that physical servers are used:Servers are created and provisioned, and they operate as if they were just another computer in the enter-
prise datacenter.
A private cloud, on the other hand, is a bank of available resources, which can be both physical and virtual,
that can be provisioned and de-provisioned as demand dictates. Virtualization can be handled manually, but
a cloud environment demands automation.
A public cloud is a service. It requires the enterprise to move at least a portion of its operations outside the
corporate rewall. This requires dealing with interfaces, security and compliance issues, and added and
potential costs. These factors can be overcome, but they add to the cost and complexity of the enterprise
environment.
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.h. 5
Perhaps the most advanced and exible version of cloud computing is the hybrid cloud. The hybrid cloud
combines the private and public cloud approaches, providing virtually unlimited processing capabilitiesand innite scaling. The hybrid cloud can use the managed approach of the private cloud and extend the
enterprise’s reach into the public cloud when needed. Some providers, like Amazon, offer access to cloud
computing resources in a way that eliminates the complications of interfaces and security, providing cloud
computing as a virtual extension of the enterprise’s own environment. See ://a.aa.//
for a detailed description of this model.
figure 3
PUBLIC CLOUD
Red Hat Enterprise Linux,
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization,
Red Hat Network, MRG,
JBoss Enterprise Middleware
PRIVATE CLOUD
Red Hat Enterprise Linux,
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization,
Red Hat Network, MRG,
JBoss Enterprise Middleware
INTRANETINTERNET
vComputeresources
vStorage,files,DB
vNetwork,community,queuing
Computeresources
Storage,files/DB
Network,community,queuing
vComputeresources
vStorage,files,DB
vNetwork,community,queuing
ENTERPRISE
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6 .h.
private cloud versus a
virtualized environment
Some use the terms ‘cloud computing’ and ‘virtualized environment’ interchangeably, but they are two very
different things. A virtualized computing environment is simply an abstraction of physical hardware. Cloud
computing uses virtualization, but it adds the additional benets of combining resources into a exible pool
that can be virtual as well as physical, with systems provisioned as needed. In the simplest terms, virtualiza-
tion plus automation equals cloud. The automation component of this equation is the provisioning of both
physical and virtual resources and the automation of the scaling of resources to meet demand changes.
Many virtual systems implementations are largely the same as they would be if deployed on physical
hardware. Some create and manage virtual systems by simply cloning existing systems or copying a stored
system onto the virtual hardware. Using a binary image may seem simple, but many external cloud providers
do not support this method of provisioning, and bandwidth restraints may make it unwieldy.
In a virtual environment, guest systems are largely created using a manual process. Private cloud computing
is best deployed using system management tools and automated processes for swift deployment and
re-conguring.
Virtual hardware guests are most often treated as physical systems and are deployed for long periods of
time — typically weeks or months. Guests in a private cloud environment only persist as-needed, often only
hours at a time before the systems are redeployed for other uses. In a private cloud environment, systems
are scaled up and down as demand requires.
This is the key: Private cloud computing environments provide services that can be swiftly deployed,
measured, monitored, and redeployed as needed.
private cloud Benefits
Organizations that utilize private clouds nd that this model is a signicant shift in how information tech-
nology is typically deployed and used. The private cloud can be a dedicated portion of their environment
or they can fully deploy systems into a 100 percent cloud environment; the benets are the same:
•More exibility and a higher utilization of system resources
•More responsiveness to user needs and demand
•A reduction in costs to expand and maintain network resources
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.h. 7
private cloud issues
While deploying a private cloud provides signicant benets, the process is not without risk. To take advan -
tage of a private cloud, an organization must be prepared to:
•Rapidly deploy and provision new services. Ideally, server deployment should be minutes, not days or
hours.
•Deploy services in a 100 percent error-free state.
•Monitor usage and system states, including full audit and compliance tracking.
•Update and patch deployed systems.
•Manage a high number of deployed systems, regardless of their conguration.
•Directly automate network services like DHCP/DNS.
It may be possible to manually build and maintain a small physical or virtual enterprise system. However,
when deployed as a rapidly changing cloud environment, IT organizations must know the state of their
systems at all times and be able to automate signicant portions of their operations. Taking full advantage
of cloud computing requires the adoption of a clear systems management process and toolset.
tHe role of red Hat network satellite
in tHe private cloud
For users of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization there is one clear tool to create
and manage a private cloud: Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite.
RHN Satellite provides the systems management framework with which IT organizations can deploy,
maintain, and monitor a private cloud. Users of RHN Satellite can swiftly deploy new services — typically
within minutes--and complete these tasks in a 100 percent error-free manner. These systems can be moni-
tored, updated, maintained, and removed from service easily, using the RHN Satellite web-based interface.
Alternately, servers can be deployed and removed in an unattended, automated fashion.
Organizations that use Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization have a strong start
toward creating a exible and manageable environment, but these solutions do not provide the systems
management features that allow organizations to deploy and manage at the speed that cloud computing
requires. RHN Satellite is the conductor dispatching all of the tasks that would require a battalion of system
administrators. A single system administrator using RHN Satellite can deploy hundreds of servers in under
twenty minutes. Most organizations struggle to manually implement new servers in two to four days, so this
adds remarkable exibility to the enterprise.
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8 .h.
systems management issues in tHe cloud
Why is managing a private cloud different and more difcult than managing physical servers? The issues can
be summed up in this list:
•Sprawl
•Churn
•Guest system management
•Patch and update management
•Rapid deployment requirements
•License and subscription management
sa— The number one problem in a virtual system is the tendency to over-deploy systems. Combined with
systems that are created and forgotten, the sprawl of systems can create both a management headache and
signicant security and compliance issues. Without proper systems management, a cloud-computing envi-
ronment can become a cluttered and dangerous sprawl of unmanageable systems.
c— Cloud computing is designed to meet changes in user demands. That means that systems must be
made available quickly—and removed from service just as quickly. Without a systems management tool, it
is simply not possible to address the changing demand, especially when attempting to manually deploy and
provision these systems.
g aa— A private cloud is typically just one part of an enterprise-computing environ-
ment — typically made up of a mix of physical systems, virtualized hardware, and the private cloud itself. This
means different and multiple levels of hypervisors and guest systems. These guests are operating systems
deployed in the private cloud. Without a systems management tool, this can be extremely difcult to track
and manage, if not completely unworkable.
pa a a aa— In a private cloud environment, the application of updates and patches
to systems can be complex. Systems can be deployed, used, and removed from service in minutes or hours.
Making sure that each one is properly patched and updated is unwieldy when attempted manually.
rai i— The speed of deployment in a private cloud environment must meet
user demand. A detected increase in demand cannot be met with systems deployed days later. It must be
responded to in minutes. This is simply not possible without a powerful systems management tool.
li a ii aa — As systems are rapidly deployed, the issue of license and subscrip-
tion management becomes critical. For an organization to stay compliant, it needs to be able to track autho-
rized systems and ensure that they are within their subscription and licensing requirements. A clear systems
management approach is required to achieve this level of compliance.
It boils down to this: Every issue in a physical or virtual environment is magnied and accelerated in the
cloud. There are more systems to manage and that number can change from minute to minute; everything
is supercharged. Without a tool like RHN Satellite to manage everything, a Linux-based private cloud can be
difcult to impossible.
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.h. 9
a model for Building and managing
a private cloud witH rHn satellite
When planning for a private cloud deployment, the systems designer and manager must consider the
following:
1. What hardware is available and what additional equipment will be required?
a. Which systems will remain as physical servers?
. Which systems will use virtualization?
. Which systems will be available for the cloud deployment?
2. What is the expected demand for services?
3. What applications are required and what usage patterns are known about them?
4. What are the known demand peaks and for what services?
5. Can the existing or desired hardware infrastructure meet the peak demand, or will external resources be
required on occasion?
RHN Satellite can be deployed in two different ways, depending on the organization’s requirements. It can be
deployed on a physical system and used as a central management tool to deploy all other systems. Or it can
be deployed on top of a virtual system and used to provision and manage virtual guests.
RHN Satellite can manage servers inside the organization or be used to provision and manage services
externally. This extends the enterprise’s private cloud onto public cloud resources, but allows them to be
managed and secured by RHN Satellite’s features.
To construct a private cloud using RHN Satellite, the system designer will start by assembling the infrastruc-ture and management services necessary to form the cloud. These services will include:
•RHN Satellite
•Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager
•DNS service
•DHCP service
•PXE server
•NFS server (for ISO images)
•JBoss® Operations Network
•Red Hat Enterprise MRG
Most, if not all, of these services will be installed in virtual machines, preferably using Red Hat clustering to
provide high availability.
Once the infrastructure management services are constructed, a farm of virtual host systems can be assem-
bled. This will form the basis of the private cloud’s available processing space. This can be initially congured
as a small space and added to as-needed.
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10 .h.
Now that the private cloud is active, applications and services can be deployed within the virtual space based
upon predened and tested server models and Kickstart proles. If the need to dynamically scale guest
operating systems based on demand makes building each operating environment through a system instal-
lation undesirable, RHN Satellite can be integrated with virtual machine images to ensure that patching,
subscription management, and automation can still be realized.
Once implemented, the RHN Satellite web-based interface can be used to:
•Provision new systems based upon Kickstart proles.
•Apply patches and updates to selected systems using RHN Satellite channels feature.
•Control access to systems and servers using RHN Satellite access control settings.
•Provide clear monitoring of systems and actions. This requires the addition of the Red Hat
Network Management Module.
•Track subscriptions as systems are deployed and removed from service.
•Use Kickstart proles to add new types of guests.
•Remove (de-provision) an operation guest and/or hypervisor.
•Apply patches to guests and/or hypervisors.
•Apply conguration updates to guests and/or hypervisors.
figure 4
SHARED FC STORAGE
RED HAT CLUSTER SUITE
x86 SERVER x86 SERVER
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX / KVM RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX / KVM
CLUSTERED SERVICES
LUCI
RED HATENTERPRISE
LINUX VM
Satellite, DHCP,DNS, PXE
RED HATENTERPRISE
LINUX VM
RED HATENTERPRISE
VIRTUALIZATION-M
WINDOWSVM
NFS forISO
Libraries
JBoss ON
RED HATENTERPRISE
LINUX VM
MRG Mgr
RED HATENTERPRISE
LINUX VM
MGMT-1 MGMT-2
RED HAT
NETWORK
SATELLITE
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.h. 11
summary
The benets of implementing a private cloud for an enterprise Linux infrastructure are signicant. But these
benets cannot be received without the use of a systems management tool and approach. RHN Satellite
provides those tools and a simple interface with which system administrators can design, build, and maintain
a private cloud for the enterprise. It allows organizations to eliminate the issues of clutter and churn in a
highly virtualized environment and provides a clear toolset with which to rapidly provision, update, monitor,
and manage systems within a private cloud.
RHN Satellite can be implemented on baremetal and used to provision all enterprise systems or can be
implemented with a virtual machine and used to provision only virtual guests. It can manage a combination
of physical, virtual, and cloud-based services both within the enterprise environment as well as extended into
an external cloud. For users of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, RHN Satellite is the clear choice for building and
operating a private cloud.
For detailed instructions on building a private cloud using RHN Satellite, contact your Red Hat
representative.
Additional information is available in the document Red Hat Cloud Foundations reference architecture:
Private IaaS clouds and is available online at the Red Hat Reference Architecture Series: .a./
/_/_ai..
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