Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Peelings As Charcoal Briquette

RESEARCHERS:

JR Mae Christine D. Ecoben

Inee Fritz P. Gesta

Quillrose Roamee L. Nalaza

INTRODUCTION

Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained

by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal andvegetation substances.

Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in

the absence of oxygen (see char and biochar). It is usually an impure form of carbon as it

contains ash; however, sugar charcoal is among the purest forms of carbon readily available,

particularly if it is not made by heating but by a dehydration reaction with sulfuric acid to

minimise the introduction of new impurities, as impurities can be removed from the sugar in

advance. The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal.

Jackfruit is one of its own kind of tropical fruits, recognized for its unique shape, size, and

fruity flavor of its bulbs that can be appreciated from a distance. it is also rich in energy,

dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins and free from saturated fats or cholesterol, making it one

of the healthy summer treats to relish! Jackfruit is rich in dietary fiber, which makes it a good

bulk laxative. The fiber content helps protect the colon mucous membrane by binding to and

eliminating cancer-causing chemicals from the colon. Jackfruit is a good source of

antioxidant vitamin-C, provides about 13.7 mg or 23% of RDA. Consumption of foods rich

in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge

harmful free radicals.It is one of the rare fruits that is rich in B-complex group of vitamins. It

contains very good amounts of vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine), niacin, riboflavin, and folic acid.

The researchers decided to test the effectiveness of Jackfruit Peelings as a Charcoal

Briquette.

Statement of the Problem

This study entitled “Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Peelings as a Charcoal Briquette” aims to know the feasibility of this fruit as souce of fuel or charcoal.

Specifically , it sought to answer the following questions:

How is this charcoal different from the other commercially known charcoal?

Is this charcoal going to be an effective one as a replacement of an LPG?

Hyphotesis

Null hypothesis (Ho):

There is no significant difference between the efficiency of the charcoal that is made from the peelings extract of Jackfruit to other commercially known charcoals.

Alternative hypothesis (Ha):

There is a significant difference between the efficiency of the charcoal that is made from

the peelings extract of Jackfruit to other commercially known charcoals.

REVIEW OF RELATED LIERATURE

In the United States, functional foods are not officially recognized as a regulatory

category by the FDA. However, several organizations have proposed definitions for this rapidly

growing food category, most notably the International Food Information Council (IFIC) and the

Institute of Food Technologists. The IFIC considers as functional foods those that include any

food or food component that may have health benefits beyond basic nutrition (IFIC 2009).

Similarly, a recent report of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT 2009) defined functional

foods as “foods and food components that provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition (for the

intended population). These substances provide essential nutrients often beyond quantities

necessary for normal maintenance, growth, and development, and/or other biologically active

components that impart health benefits or desirable physiological effects.”The concept of

functional food is complex and may refer to many possible aspects, including food obtained by

any process, whose particular characteristic is that one or more of its components, whether or not

that component is itself a nutrient, affects the target function of the organism in a specific and

positive way, promoting a physiological or psychological effect beyond the merely nutritional

(Vinuda-Martos and others 2010).

The positive effect of a functional food may include the maintenance of health or well being, or a

reduction in the risk of suffering a given illness (Alvarez and others 2003). Functional food may

be obtained by modifying one or more of the ingredients, or by eliminating the same (Alvarez

and others 2003). To develop these types of products, one must evaluate consumer perceptions,

the most important quality aspects being that they taste good, appear wholesome, and have

nutritional value (Garciıa-Segovia and others 2007). Also, Alvarez and others (2003) describe

that any functional food must be safe, wholesome, and tasty.

Jackfruit conforms to this definition in several ways, although the establishment of any function

would involve identifying the bioactive components to help specify their possible beneficial

effects on health.

Charcoal is becoming more and more a scarce product in East Africa and is not only

contributing to severe environmental problem like deforestation and soil erosion, but also pauses

serious health hazards like diseases linked with respiratory systems.

The use of trees on making charcoals has been a major factor that contributes to the

climate change in developing countries especially East Africa. Thousands of tones of trees have

been cut and the trend is still going on, despite the efforts made by different governments in the

region to stop people from this long rooted behavior of cutting trees for charcoal making.

Banana is a plant that can save the region from becoming dry if people will be taught other

benefits of banana apart from the one  they know, which is food. If the government leaders,

especially politicians will advocate for the banana plantation, trees will be saved from being the

only source of charcoal.Banana peels can be used as another source of making charcoal without

causing hazards in the environment.Hajji Mohammed Kawere is a Chief Executive Officer

(CEO) of UGASTOVE Uganda Ltd, a company that deals in the production and giving out of

various kinds of biomass technologies which include energy saving stoves for households,

institutional saving stoves, baking ovens, incinerators, fire-less box cookers and charcoal

briquettes. Kawere revealed that it takes lots of trees to come up with 10kg of charcoal compared

to banana peels which do not cost anything when used to make charcoal.

Signifance of the Study

   People living in big cities have scarcity in coal. By this study, it will help the people on

how to find coal. This study can contribute to the easiest method in making coal as an alternative

fuel source.

                    People now and then start recycling some peeling of a fruit or vegetable. With this,

we can lessen problems that the people are facing, like garbage that are scattered in the

surroundings. It can make work easier and can save money. It can also lessen the numbers of

woods that are cut down to make wood charcoal.         

Scope and Limitations

The study will focus primarily in determining the effectiveness of Jackfruit

(Artocarposheterophyllus) Peelings as a Charcoal Briquette. It will also focus on the difference

in terms of efficiency between commercialized charcoal. This study will cover and aim to test

whether the charcoal from Jackfruit Peelings can be a complete substitute to the commercialized

ones . The charcoal will undergo flammability test. It also aspires to search for other alternative

source of fuel.

METHODOLOGY

A. DATA GATHERING

1. Sample collection

Lantana camara leaves will be collected with the help of some people who have with the

collection of the plant.

2. Extracting leaf extract from Lantana camara.

The leaf of Lantana camara will be collected and will be air dried for 3 days. The dried

leaves were pounded by the use of a mortar and a pestle. The pounded leaves were extracted

using a clean cloth.

B. MAKING OF BIOFUEL

MATERIALS:

100 ml methanol basterglass blender or mixer 2 lamp3.5 grams of lye ½ liter of leaf extract of Lantana camarawide-mouthed glass container or pitcher

100 ml methanol is will be added to a glass blender or mixer (the blender or mixer to is set to

"low”). 3.5 grams of lye will be added to the blender. This process will take about two

minutes. Proceed when mixture is clear, with no undissolved particles. 1 liter of the Lantana

camara leaf extract will be heated to 130° F (55° C). The hot leaf extract is added to the mixture.

The new mixture will be allowed to blend for about 20-30 minutes. As the reaction proceeds, two

products will be formed - biodiesel and glycerin. The mixture will be poured into a wide-

mouthed glass container or pitcher (allow mixture to sit).

The mixture will separate into two layers - biodiesel and glycerin. Because biodiesel is less

dense than glycerin, it floats, forming the top layer. The mixture will bw allowed to sit for

several hours. When the mixture separate completely, carefully keep the top layer to use as

biofuel. The top layer will be separated from the bottom by pouring it off very carefully or using

a baster or pump.

C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

D. TESTING OF THE BIOFUEL

The flammability of the biodiesel is tested by using lamp.

Experimental Set-up

Table for testing the flammability of the biofuel

Time (hours) color heat densityBiofuel (lantana camara extract)Commercialized

biofuel

Lantana camara leaves

Collecting of leaves from the Lantana camara plant.

Air-drying the leaves. Pounding and extracting the leaves. Making biofuel with the use of the

extracts.

Biofuel was made out from Lantana camara leaves

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

In this research proposal the researcher will choose the One-Way ANOVA. This test can be

used for the case of a quantitative outcome with a categorical explanatory variable that has two

or more levels of treatment. The term one way, also called one-factor, indicates that there is a single explanatory variable (“treatment”) with two or more levels, and only one level of

treatment is applied at any time for a given subject. In this case, the researcher will use this One-

Way ANOVA so that she can help prove the study, “The Effectiveness of Lantana (Lantana

camara)Leaf extract as Biofuel”. In using this case it can help for the justification if there is a

significant effect variation from each other. By using this test, we can barely identify if the

researcher’s study is effective or not.

CURICCULUM VITAE

Inee Fritz P. Gesta

EDUCATION:

ElementarySurigao City Central Elementary SchoolDiez St. ,Surigao City

High SchoolCaraga Regional Science High SchoolP-10 Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City

PARENTS:

FatherInocencio A. Gesta

MotherFritzie P. Gesta

CURRENT ADRRESS:Bagong Silang 1, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte

REFERENCES:

Websites:

http://biogas-technology.blogspot.com.es/2013/06/about-biogas.html?m=1

www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2014/06/29/biogas-an-alternative -energy-source-for-farmers-gea/

www.environmental-protection.org.uk/committees/air-quality/air-pollution-and-transport/car-pollution

http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca/fcb/cars-and-air-pollution.asp

http://www.stuartxchange.com/kantutay.html

http//:www.ntbg.org/plants/plant.details.php.plantid=6862

www.wikipedia.com.ph

BOOKS: Amazing Healing plants (volume 1)

Author: Dr. JC KurianCOPYRIGHT 2010

World Journal of Microbiology and BiotechnologyAuthors: R.Saini / S.S Kanwar / O.P Sharma/ M.K. GuptaCOPYRIGHT 2003

Merriam-Webster dictionary

Appendices