Download - Reforestation Masterplan Gili Balu

5.2 REFORESTATION/FORESTRY STRATEGY

> 12015MASTERPLAN EIGHT ISLANDS ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

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The reestablishment and rejuvenation of forest areas in the Eight Island EcoRegion is a

long-term program which must consider the local vegetation, wildlife, and ecology of

the site, as well as cultural and economic realities. The reforestation strategy shall focus

on the following key steps as a way to recovery:

Preliminary surveys and consultation with forestry department and consultants.

Community engagement and coordination with forestry department

Establishment of Plant Nurseries

Follow up Community management and education

Wildlife management with Community and tourism education

Long Term Management with tourism opportunities

Social forestry involving the local community in the process is crucial. With sustainable

forest management as the governing principle an ecosystem-based forestry can be

adopted. Using three primary objectives following a series of preliminary guidelinesprior to construction; implementing a phased multi-year soil conservation and

replanting scheme using majority native and some suitable exotic vegetation; and

establishing a long-term management strategy for flora and fauna, a successful

reforestation strategy shall be integrated as part of the Master plan development.



HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS:

Currently the area suffers from unsustainable land use, ineffective resource

management and lack for integrated landscape planning.

Eco Regions Indonesia (ERI) have management and development

authority over Gili Balu and the Poto Tano tourism village on the mainland.

ERI will apply integrated forestry planning methods to these areas and can

act as advisors in others.

REFORESTATIONBackground: Existing Context



There exists remnant areas of high conservation value but a large majority of

the land requires revitalization, such as:

Enhancing ecosystem services for flood and dust control, enhancingfisheries and energy savings through increased shading and cooling.

Erosion control Groundcover and rangeland condition Tree canopy and diversity Fertility and stability of agricultural fields Mangrove and salt flat areas protected from continual grazing

The reforestation strategy is not just about planting and vegetation:

It is about creating ecosystem stability and revitalizing the damagedmarine and wildlife habitats

It is about empowering the local community to take action and bepersonally invested in the long-term effects that will result from the

oncoming development

Creating and enhancing economic returns through direct and indirectyields

Improving human and animal health through ecosystem services. It is about educating visitors and locals alike of ecological practices

while visiting the EcoRegion

It is about building sustainable land use ethic that is involving allstakeholders and protects natural resources for current and future

generations

REFORESTATIONBackground: Existing Context

Above : Showing the local problems of

grazing, erosion, flash flooding, water

shortages, lack of shade, rubbish and

generally a poor ugly landscape.

Below: Some coastal areas are in

extremely poor condition and will benefit

from investment in infrastructure and

landscaping



EXISTING PROBLEMS:

This example shows two areas of forest on the same hill, one in its natural state and the

other highly degraded by misuse. The plan needs to reverse this damage and enhance

the remaining natural beauty.

REFORESTATIONCurrent Situations: Primary Issues

Rock

quarrying

Overgrazing

Intact panorama

and biodiversity

Trees cut

Remnant forest

inaccessible by

goats and people

Degraded

landscape



Stage one: Create a sustainable forestry land use roadmap to recoverywith community and government participation that addresses current

and future opportunities and needs.

Stage two, phase one: Reforestation strategy is enacted in alldevelopment areas as official government policy and in community

demonstration sites (Hydrological management, planting for stabilization

of slopes and coastlines starts, beautification of panoramas).

Stage two, phase two: landscape stabilization and enhancementscheme developed is applied in the broader EcoRegion

Stage three: Landscape management scheme developed for specificneeds such as new industries or specific conservation outcomes as these

are identified.

REFORESTATIONReforestation: A Three Stage Process

Mangrove areas need to be studied and

protected

Previously forested hills have been logged,

grazed and rock mined till all that remains is an

ugly panorama. They can be restored slowly but

surely to be both attractive and useful forests

Erosion is a serious problem across the

entire region and can be extreme



Stage one: creating the recovery strategy: Vegetation surveys undertaken by

competent consultants to create baselinedata. This is to form the basis for the for therecovery efforts. The baseline data willdirect and quantify the recovery program.

All landscaping and amenities planting willneed to be established fitting in with theintrinsic character of the area andprotecting or restoring the function offorest in development areas.

Engagement of community andgovernment to align needs and wisheswith the restoration process.

Stage two, phase one: beginning reforestation:

Following the establishment of anintegrated landscape vegetation plan,pilot reforestation sites are to beestablished. The size of the pilot plantingswill be determined by the availability ofresources. These may include but are notlimited to; Silvopasture models, mangroveand salt flat rehabilitation, erosion control,home garden fruit tree diversification andconservation projects to return degraded

areas to diverse and resilient habitat richlansdcapes

Expansion of reforestation works overthese areas will be phased over severalyears. Vegetation rehabilitation beprioritized by erosion control needs,

Provision of alternative incomes and animalfodder, environmental services and thebeautification of the area through enhancingpanoramas

Stage two, phase two: planting and landscape

scheme outside of developments andneighborhoods:

The planting and landscape scheme shall bedeveloped in coordination with localgovernment, and external experts to be hiredby the client, to oversee the re-vegetationstrategy. It shall provide the overall successionplan to guide future development. The primaryareas intended for the planting shall be focused

on: Main road tree planting and surrounding

community forest Silvopasture areas under the control of or

in cooperation with the local village Shrubland and rangeland enhancement

Protection of recharge zones for naturalsprings

Establishing perennial organic horticulturein fertile gully areas

Buffer zones for mangrove protection thatbenefit the community

Firewood plantation for local use

REFORESTATIONReforestation: A Three Stage Process



Stage three: Landscape management

scheme developed for specific needs

such as amenity plantings or specific

conservation outcomes:

Reforestation of the developmentprecincts will be undertaken as

developer partnerships are

secured and the permit and

licensing approval process

proceeds.

The timing of developerpartnerships and approval will

determine the timing of the

reforestation program for the

development precincts.

Reforestation of developmentprecincts will be guided by the

demonstration plantings and

reforestation pilot and extension

programs that have been carried

out during stage one and two.

Further details as to exact locationsand specific schemes shall be

introduced in following phases

after full assessment of the

EcoRegion and identification of

specific conservation and amenity

needs.

Development precincts will alsoundertake the reforestation of

precinct annexure i.e. adjoininglandscapes that bound the

development area (refer to

reforestation plan).

Allocation of these annexes is to bedetermined by the master planning

team and ERI.

Note: It is possible that stage two,

phase two and stage three

processes can occur simultaneously.

REFORESTATIONReconstructing landscape: A Three Stage Process



REFORESTATION



PHASING OF DEVELOPMENT

REFORESTATION



The restoration planning process to landscape rehabilitation involves:

Focus on a holistic approach, letting informed reality guide the design process,making the creative connections between elements

Recognizing the critical importance of goals, and especially prioritized, holistically-considered decision-making for planning

Acknowledge the role of people as a crucial part of the system maintaining thatland health is a direct reflection of the people

Use conscious sensitive design to integrate and bring out the unique character ofthe place in landscape management

Integrate the land improvement tools of sustainable use of plants and animals toaccelerate building of fertility and biodiversity

Pay attention to and plan according to scaled organization of landscapes(recognition of nested hierarchies and the interplay dynamics between levels - see

KSOP) as an explicit dimension needed to effectively plan for permanence

Seek ways to increase flexibility, adaptive capacity, and resilience of the wholelandscape.

REFORESTATIONLandscape planning ethic

Community workforce restoring

native forest in Tanjung Ringgit

EcoRegion

Keyline Scale of Permanence (KSOP):1. Climate2. Landscape3. Water Supply4. Roads/Access5. Trees6. Structures7. Boundaries and Fences

8. Soil

http://permaculturenews.org/2012/06/30/planning-for-permanence-with-yeomans-keyline-scale/



REFORESTATIONSummary: Reforestation 7 Step ProgramPreliminary Works

Climate data collection Stakeholder consultation, biodiversity surveys, landscape

hydrological and contour studies, soil types, road and access planning. Prioritize needs to

match capacity.

Commencement

Ensure government and community support for action plans.

Erosion control and water management, fire control, excluding livestock and soil

conditioning.

Environmental awareness education.

Plant Establishment

Establish community supported reforestation and silvopasture demonstration areas.

Collect planting material from remnant vegetation to use in community supported

nurseries.

Plant Community Evolution

Focus on plants for sustainable production including agroforestry, agriculture, and

gardens

Focus on reforestation of conservation and tourism areas with original forest species

Invigorate the mangroves and establish protection plans

Plant Community Management

Grazing management, Weed management, fire management, stormwater

management

Wildlife Management

Wildlife habitat and corridor rejuvenation plan, feral animal strategic plan

Long Term Management

Engage local community with education, maintenance, and investment in care of land

Monitor, evaluate, and self-regulate for long-term testing and research

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Establish baseline data by surveys:

Contour maps of area Biodiversity and tree survey Consult with community and stakeholders

Ensure accessible vehicular, service, and pedestrian connections.

Animal and Wildlife Management: Assist community to protect mangroves and forest areas from uncontrolled

grazing

Integrate livestock grazing systems to controlled grazing patterns Assist development of cut and carry agroforestry systems on currently barren

Village land

Use lower impact livestock such as horses to control fire risk seasonally Requires developing animal husbandry management plan

REFORESTATIONStep 1: Preliminary Works

Mangrove diversity and condition Remnant forest speciesSavannah areas created by past

farming practices



A. Controlled and restoration grazing I Currently large areas of salt flats and mangrove are degraded because of

uncontrolled access by goats, cows and horses. These areas are important sensitive coastal habitat growing under hostile

conditions that are easily damaged and hard to restore. They have good value to grazing animals as they are evergreen and rich in

minerals. The grazing pressure is too heavy and has lead to previously productive areas

becoming barren wastelands. The program wishes to recognize both the Aesthetic, economic and

environmental potential of these areas and begin a process that can conserveall three simultaneously.

Salt marsh areas are to be fenced and stock completely excluded duringrecovery.

Once recovered the project will commence measurements and studies todetermine appropriate timing and duration for crash grazing these areas.

Crash grazing involves a large amount of animals grazing an area for a very shorttime, it mimics natural herd migration and has proven to stimulate grass andshrublands health and productivity.

REFORESTATIONManagement approaches

On Gili Kalong where there are no stock the

salt flats are green and healthy, while on the

mainland there are no healthy stands and

many are dead or dying. Saltfalts can be

managed for grazing in a way that benefits

plants, humans and animals

Benefits of the restoration grazing approach.1. Plant communities are managed to the level of grazing they can sustain2. Grazing patterns mimic natural patterns of wildlife grazing which they are evolved

to respond to3. Grazing animals add valuable food and income to the community and justify a

value of conserving salt flats in a natural form4. Grazing animals crash grazing stimulate healthy regrowth by cycling nutrients and

created a seedbed for regeneration




The Gili Kalong landscape is stuck in a

cycle of fire that leaves a hot, plain and

dangerous landscape

Gili Kenawa after a grass wildfire that would

have been lethal to trees, animals and

humans caught in its way

Horses are selective browsers that stimulate

grassland diversity and allow tree

regeneration when managed carefully

A. Controlled and restoration grazing II On the islands of Gili Balu there are large areas of grasslands and some savannah These are artificial landscapes created by human activities over hundreds or

thousands of years. They are self perpetuated as the tall grasses promote intensefires that eliminate most competing species.

In many cases this landscape is not suitable for habitation or tourism due to thefire risk and lack of shade.

On the mainland uncontrolled grazing eliminates all soil cover and promotesgrowth of poisonous and thorny plants.

Both areas can benefit from controlled grazing to create a stable diverse andhealthy landscape.

Under the plan cows, and especially horses are to be brought in for controlledgrazing to reduce fire risk and allow soil and forest regeneration.

Free roaming Horses are an excellent tourism opportunity for the EcoRegion andthey are very compatible with this method of conservation due to their dietaryeffects on the landscape when managed correctly.

The mainland suffers from severe

overgrazing



B: Forage bank model to create fodder and income and regreen barren areas around

Poto tano

Fast growing deep rooted fodder trees and perennial grasses used to reforestbarren areas around the towns controlled by the Village authority

A technology and skills transfer partnership between local Village Authority, ERI,forestry agency and external organizations

Aims to tackle multiple problems with one solution, reducing heat, dust, erosion,flooding, poor animal health, high cost of imported forage and lack of income for

local Village

Village administered and run by the community for community benefit, withproceeds of licensing and sales towards Village Authority budget for waste and

sanitation

Locals currently import forage at a cost of 15000IDR per sack from 10km away. It isanticipated that the Village Authority can provide forage at competitive or

subsidised rates

This concept already has the support of the Village head


The forage bank demonstration model

will experiment with around 10 to 15

potential species

Current status of Village community forest land, barren

yet highly suited to forage banks

This model in Lombok shows how trees and

grass are managed sustainably for forage



C: Vetiver system for land stabilisation and animal forage Vetiver grass is a sterile deep rooted grass used in

erosion control and agriculture in 190 countries When planted as a single hedge it traps sediment

behind to form natural terraces, its 3m deep roots alsoenhances infiltration of surface runoff into the soil and

improves hydrology It is highly productive and the young growth up to an

age of two months is very palatable to livestock. It canmake up to 75% of rations for penned livestock

It is used to terrace land at a small cost compared toother methods, and can be used to stabilise slopes,bridges, river banks and any other problem areas

Vetiver system technology can easily be transferred tolocal people, and used in civil infrastructure projects tostabilise and reduce damage and costs


The power is in the roots

Vetiver training is simple and empowering, it

can be learned by anybody with any level of

education, any age and in any language

The Vetiver is the cheapest and most

permanent way to stabilize critical

infrastructure

Vetiver regrows quickly after cutting or

burning

The young regrowth of Vetiver is good

animal fodder

5.2. REFORESTATION/FORESTRY STRATEGY


D: Mangrove firewood transitional substitution program

Mangrove forests are highly productive in growing biomassand can be sustainably harvested for firewood

However to do this there needs to be in depth scientificstudy to determine the sustainable amount and method of

collection Overharvesting damages mangroves and has a follow on

effect of a decrease in fish stocks In the community planning workshop it was suggested to

establish living fences around property boundaries thatcan be harvested sustainably as firewood by local peopleand thus reduce their need to harvest firewood frommangrove areas in order to survive

It is also suggested to promote an LPG conversionsscheme in order to improve the health of women who

must work daily around the smoke of wood fires A transitional program from subsistence collection to

cultivated firewood plantations, and then establishment ofa sustainable harvest program after scientific study isrecommended.


Unregulated wood collection in mangrove

areas has the potential to damage

fisheries, tourism and destroy a sustainable

resource

Fast growing trees can be used to protect the land and

provide cooking fuel

Agroforestry systems also provide

excess wood from prunings that is

available as cooking fuel

Mangrove wood collection is culturally

important but must not be essential for

the core energy needs

Living fences protect farmland and

provide biomass for cooking on a

sustainable basis



Stabilization Focus:Develop stabilization plan in coordination with erosion plan.

Background:Steep slopes and gullies with active erosion to be prioritized forstabilization to prevent further soil and nutrient loss and silting

of downstream mangrove plantings, marine life, and coral ecosystems.

Small Scale Strategy: Stone gabions, check dams, log check dams Small swales and grassed spillways hessian sandbags are packed in and around erosion points (scours, cuts) and along

the drainage line at regular intervals, securing with timber stakes and planted withvetiver grass for complete stability.

Large scale strategy: Gili Kalong, Gili Namo and Poto Tano Tourist Village

Terraced landscape with grassed spillways, wastewater gardens, or constructedwetlands (note: although the name varies, the function is similar).

Where needed a stepped or terraced landscape is created along the drainagelines, mimicking the traditional profile of the terraced landscape. Where cutting intoslope is not allowable green terracing using the Vetiver system is used to create aliving hedge that captures sediment and over time forms natural terraces(www.vetiver.org)

Silt, organic matter, nutrients, and moisture are trapped along the drainage line tobuild soil and support reestablishment of vegetation. These can be mined for soil to

rehabilitate barren areas

Integrate throughout site to capture rainwater, to reduce steep slope occurrence,to control stormwater velocity upstream at first point of impact.

Further Strategies:Follow the guidelines specifically established in the Water Strategy. for handlingstormwater in regards to erosion control.


Erosion is a process that

destroys sustainable futures.

Halting erosion must be

prioritized before more future

wealth is lost

All the low cost strategies to stop erosion exist

and can be taught to anyone



D: Regrow native forests around

development areas

THE THREE LEVELS OF RESTORATION: Matching

the approach to the level of damage

On any site we endeavour to restore the

plant cover and plant community to the

highest possible conservation state. We do

so using natural ecological processes with

cost effective human intervention. This leads

to a more natural outcome with better

habitat value than if a single age or set

group of species is simply replanted

Scenario 1: Totally degraded: Poto Tano

Tourist Village Total loss of forest diversity and structure Total loss of seed trees and soil seed

banks

Possible changes to soil depth andconditions that make replanting

original forest impossible

Site planted to hardy species thatbegin a process of soil building and

provide some habitat value

Native species prioritized with somenecessary exotic transition species

Trees that can grow under harsh conditions

are used to modify climatic and soil

conditions so they become more favourable

in future for natural and assisted recovery

Scenario 2: Highly degraded remnant

vegetation: Gili Balu (apart from Gili Belang)Remnant trees are protected and mapped.

They are pruned to regrow to their original

form and additional plantings of appropriate

native species are used to develop a forest

structure representative of the original forest

cover. In future this area can advance to

secondary forest management

Scenario 3: Secondary Areas: Gili BelangThe mangrove area is protected and

enhanced by returning missing species,

especially those threatened or rare due to

over exploitation. As the mangrove develops

more species are added to increase its

conservation value to the highest possible

status


The goal is to return barren land to

natural forest



INITIAL STRATEGIES FOR PLANT ESTABLISHMENT:

A: Contour planting on a totally degraded site Gili KalongSmaller fast growing plants are establishedalong contour lines and at regular contour

intervals. They form the nurse crop. Contourinterval between plantings varies dependingupon the grade of the slope. Establish plants oncontour intervals of:

1.5 meters on slopes with of 1:1 to 1:3grade

1 meters on slopes of 1:4 to 1:5 grade 0.5 meters on slopes of 1:6 to 1:10 grade

Larger growing hardy native trees, shrubs and

understory are interplanted between contourinterval plantings to create a canopy over thewhole re-vegetated site.

B: Creating a reforestation demonstration siteover past incomplete reforestation plot BlokLampu HijauA program of replanting was undertaken 4years ago with moderate success. The site is tobe refenced and completed with enrichment of

additional species. This area is special as it isbeing rehabilitated to keep open a naturalspring traditionally used as drinking water that isdrying up due to over clearingSeed collection to commence at the outset ofthe project, sourcing native species of regionalprovenance.

C: Restoration of a coastal forest area on IUPJLland as an example of enriched secondaryforest Gili NamoReestablish a functional forest using Indopacific

strand flora that have become rare in theregion due to coastal overclearing

REFORESTATIONStep 2: Plant Establishment Strategies

Example of partially successful

reforestation project in Poto Tano

Previous reforestation was partially

successful



FURTHER STRATEGIES FOR PLANT DEVELOPMENT

INVIGORATING THE MANGROVE AREAS: generalRevitalization suggestions include:

Use of the full list of mangrove speciespreviously present in the area

Infiltrate upslope water to rechargesubsurface hydrology and restore healthyflows

Fence and protect salt marshes, oncerecovered implement seasonal crashgrazing as a compatible landuse andeconomic benefit

Integrated solution between erosioncontrol, careful stabilization, and planting.Identifying and removing impediments to

recovery Attempt to protect saplings coming from

natural regeneration for long-termapproach (+15 years) Introducebeekeeping to mangrove areas andbuffer forests as an ecofriendly source ofincome

Mangrove restoration adjacent to Tambak - GiliKalong as example of combining mangroves

with Tambak

Roadside plantings Poto TanoAssist Village authority to plant and protect anavenue of evergreen shade trees to shade andcool entry road to village and beyond

REFORESTATIONStep 3: Plant Establishment Strategies

Example of the benefits of

shaded roadsides and

walkways in extreme climates

Tambak ponds for Bandeng are productive but

channels and banks can be replanted with

mangroves to repair



AGROFORESTRY, AGRICULTURE, GARDENS: GiILI KALONG, AND GILI NAMO

A restoration ethic based on the old Indonesian model of Tumpang Sari, regrowingforests while cultivating crops around them. Starting with annual crops andtransitioning to a landscape mosaic mostly based on perennial tree crops , semiwild harvests and animal husbandry . Because of the dry climate and poor soils this

model is chosen over the growth of annual crops which require arable land.

Sustainable agroforestry suggestions include: Multipurpose diverse forests yielding fruit, fuel, fodder and other Non timber

forest products (NTFP) Majority native species with selected adapted exotic crops Create forests to cleanly absorb wastes and provide other key environmental

services Stagger cutting and harvesting times to have steady supply and be able to

diversify with markets

A mix of forest types ranging from mostly wild to mostly managed Urban and residential clusters to become a village in a garden, or village in

a forest concept

Current calculations show that due to the 10% building footprint and the area ofland in a state of total degradation, agroforestry areas (distinctive from strictlyforest areas) may account for 15-20% of area.

REFORESTATIONOther strategies

Home gardensWork with Village authority to promote

Homegardens for shade and cooling, fruit and

limited vegetable production. Beautify the

Villages to become Tourism villages using hardy

flowers and drought hardy potted plants in

doorstep gardens

Example of established

productive home garden



SEMI ARID ZONE AGROFORESTRY AND HOMEGARDENS

Working with local communities to trial and provide planting materials

to grow diverse semi arid zone gardens and community forests that

meet local needs

The typical components are as such:

Upper canopy: Mahogany, Teak, Jackfruit, Mango, Dates, Lontar,Boab ++

Middle plant layer: Pomelo, Starfruit , bananas, papaya,pomegranate, fig, grapes, guava, passion fruit, Canistel, dwarf

coconut, dragon fruit , prickly pear, srikaya, sirsak, yams, moringa,

sesbania ++

Lowest plant layer: spices and hardy vegetables includingturmeric, pineapple, basil, eggplant, chili, sweet potato, cassava

++

The total number of possible semi arid zone fruits, nuts, perennialvegetable and vine crops exceeds 150 species with year round

production.

This creates a huge opportunity for local business. Fresh localproduce earning premium prices with direct sales to tourists.

Once established this itself becomes an edu-tourism attraction forsustainable villages and culinary activities .

REFORESTATIONOther strategies

Current housing is mostly barren around the house

Some have fenced and prove what is possible, now

to improve and beautify the concept



WEED AND FIRE MANAGEMENT

General principles include: The rate of clearing should not outpace the rate of re-vegetation (i.e. retain

weedscapes until re-vegetation works commence) Weeds can be slashed to reduce fire risk and decompose in place or be

composted.

Seasonal foraging of managed animal herds prior to seeding weed forage plants Collection of invasive plant propagules (eg tubers, rhizhomes etc) for animal

fodder or liquid fertilizer production

Herbicides and chemicalsTo protect the environment, fungal, plant, and animal biodiversity and also humans,

herbicides are not to be used for the full site except under supervision by trained

operators and under special circumstances such as noxious weed removal.

It is the ultimate aim to eliminate the need and reliance on chemical pesticides and

herbicides

FIRE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Collect and pile dry biomass for composting during the wet season instead of

burning

Slash and Mulch grasses to the ground to cool soil temperatures and maintain soil moisture

Integrate managed controlled animal grazing along with natural firebreaks

Step 4: Plant Community ManagementREFORESTATION

Weed management techniques

such as manual removal and

mulching

Fire management techniques keep

organic matter by composting and

firebreaks



WILDLIFE, HABITAT, AND BIODIVERSITY

STRATEGIES:

Establish wildlife survey and monitoring

program.

Retain wildlife passages, especially in areas

that will have high levels of construction

such as near bridges or main roads.

Let forest vegetation continue throughout

site as much as possible with focus on

replanting native forest trees with high

habitat value such as native figs

(Beringin/Bunut).

Construct artificial wildlife habitat to

reinvigorate fauna population, including:

Bird, bat, mammal boxes Native bee hives Reptile refuges Protect and restore mangrove forests

For feral animal management, develop a

plan to humanely manage the

reproduction and location of species.

REFORESTATIONStep 5: Wildlife Management

Valuable wildlife for ecotourism is often not appreciated, such as

the critically endangered Green Flores pigeon found in healthy

Sumbawa forests



COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT:Build the capacity and empower the local community to

become the care takers and custodians:

Connect livelihoods of local people to the reforestation,restoration, and management of the landscape.

Provide long term transformative employment opportunities andpathways for the local community to become involved.

Involve the community in workshops.

Cultivate a transformative culture of earth care, people care, and

fair share by engaging the community in governance and

decision making.

LONG-TERM MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND SELF-REGULATION:Set up monitoring and evaluation systems and procedures to

quantify the project progress.

Developing responsive and adaptive strategies and solutions to

meet the changing needs of the site and the community,

including:

Stormwater management Greywater systems Energy systems Sustainable energy system effectiveness Market research for housing options

REFORESTATIONStep 6: Long-Term Management

Healthy forests are

necessary for healthy

communities and

traditions. Without

timber the building

traditions of

Sumbawa will be lost

Download - Reforestation Masterplan Gili Balu

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