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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
Blood TypingBlood Typing
Blood Cell Differential IdentificationBlood Cell Differential Identification
Blood Cell Counting Using a HemocytometerBlood Cell Counting Using a Hemocytometer
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Blood ComponentsBlood Components
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BLOOD TYPINGBLOOD TYPING
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Antigen – Antibody CompositionAntigen – Antibody Composition
Blood Type Compatibility ComparisonsBlood Type Compatibility Comparisons
Type A
Type B Type O
Type AB
Rh -
Rh +
ABO Agglutination Result Rh Agglutination Result
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ABO Blood TypingABO Blood Typing
Type AType A Type BType B
Type ABType AB Type OType O
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Type A Agglutination ResultType A Agglutination Result
AgglutinationAgglutination
NoAgglutination NoAgglutination
Note the appearance of fine granulation (pepper grains) in the blood
Note the lack of granulation in the blood
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Type B Agglutination ResultType B Agglutination Result
No Agglutination No Agglutination
Agglutination Agglutination
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Type AB Agglutination ResultType AB Agglutination Result
AgglutinationAgglutination
AgglutinationAgglutination
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Type O Agglutination ResultType O Agglutination Result
NoAgglutination NoAgglutination
NoAgglutination NoAgglutination
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Rh Blood TypingRh Blood Typing
Rh+Rh+ Rh-Rh-
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Rh+ Agglutination ResultRh+ Agglutination Result
AgglutinationAgglutination
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Rh- Agglutination ResultRh- Agglutination Result
NoAgglutination NoAgglutination
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BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION
BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION
400xHuman Blood SmearHuman Blood Smear
ErythrocytesErythrocytes 1000x
LeukocytesLeukocytes
ThrombocytesThrombocytes 1000x400x
Cell Types
400x
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leukocyteleukocyte
erythrocyteerythrocyte
thrombocytethrombocyte
Human Blood Smear 400xHuman Blood Smear 400x
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Erythrocytes 400xErythrocytes 400x
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Erythrocytes 1000xErythrocytes 1000x
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LEUKOCYTESLEUKOCYTES
MonocyteMonocyte
LymphocyteLymphocyte
BasophilBasophil
EosinophilEosinophil
NeutrophilNeutrophil 1000x
1000x
1000x
1000x
1000x
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neutrophilneutrophil
erythrocyteerythrocyte thrombocytethrombocyte
Leukocyte - Neutrophil 1000xLeukocyte - Neutrophil 1000x
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eosinophileosinophil
erythrocyteerythrocyte
thrombocytethrombocyte
Leukocyte - Eosinophil 1000xLeukocyte - Eosinophil 1000x
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basophilbasophil
erythrocyteerythrocyte
thrombocytethrombocyte
Leukocyte - Basophil 1000xLeukocyte - Basophil 1000x
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lymphocytelymphocyte
thrombocytethrombocyte
erythrocyteerythrocyte
Leukocyte - Lymphocyte 1000xLeukocyte - Lymphocyte 1000x
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Leukocyte - Monocyte 1000xLeukocyte - Monocyte 1000x
monocytemonocyte
thrombocytethrombocyte
erythrocyteerythrocyte
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Thrombocytes 400xThrombocytes 400x
thrombocytesthrombocytes
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Thrombocytes 1000xThrombocytes 1000x
thrombocytesthrombocytes
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BLOOD CELL COUNTING USING A HEMOCYTOMETER BLOOD CELL COUNTING USING A HEMOCYTOMETER
Hemocytometer Hemocytometer Loading the Hemocytometer Loading the Hemocytometer
Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x
Microvolume Pipetters Microvolume Pipetters
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Microvolume PipettersMicrovolume Pipetters
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HemocytometerHemocytometer
gridgrid
gridgrid
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Loading HemocytometerLoading Hemocytometer
pipet tippipet tip
cover slipcover slip
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Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40xHemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x
1 2
3
4 5
RBC counted in5 numbered areas RBC counted in5 numbered areas
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Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100xHemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x
Area 3 of previous magnificationArea 3 of previous magnification
3
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Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400xHemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x
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Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100xHemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x
Hemocytometerloaded with RBCHemocytometerloaded with RBC
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Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400xHemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x
cellcounted cellcounted
cell notcountedcell notcounted
inside of each box, cell counted if withinbox, on top line or on left line
inside of each box,cell not counted if on bottom line or on right line
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When whole blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the heavier, solid component (cells) …
When whole blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the heavier, solid component (cells) …
separate from the lighter, liquid components (plasma)
separate from the lighter, liquid components (plasma)
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click on a blood componentclick on a blood component
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PLASMA (~55%) includes water, proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, organic nutrients and organic wastes
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ERYTHROCYTES (~45%)
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“BUFFY COAT” (~1%) LEUKOCYTES and THROMBOCYTES
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ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPOSITIONANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPOSITION
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE AB
TYPE O
Rh-
Rh+
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Type A Whole BloodAntigen
RBC
Antibody
AntibodyAntibody
bb
AntigenAntigen
AA
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Type B Whole BloodAntigen
RBC
Antibody
AntibodyAntibody
aaAntigenAntigen
BB
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Type AB Whole BloodAntigens
RBC
Antibodies
AntigenAntigen
AAAntigenAntigen
BB
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Antigen
B
Type O Whole BloodAntigens
RBC
Antibodies
AntibodyAntibody
bb
AntibodyAntibody
aa
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Antibody a
Antigen
B
Rh+ Whole BloodAntigen
RBC
Antibody
Rh+ Antigen
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Antibody a
Antigen
B
Rh- Whole BloodAntigen
RBC
Antibody
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BLOOD TYPE COMPATIBILITY COMPARISONSBLOOD TYPE COMPATIBILITY COMPARISONS
Type A plasma
Type A RBC Type A RBC
Type B plasma
Type AB plasma
Type O plasma
Type A plasma
Type B plasma
Type AB plasma
Type O plasma
Type A plasma
Type AB RBC Type AB RBC
Type B plasma
Type AB plasma
Type O plasma
Type A plasma
Type B plasma
Type AB plasma
Type O plasma
Type B RBCType B RBC
Type O RBC Type O RBC
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RBC
AntigenAntigen
AAAntibodyAntibody
bb
Type A RBC Type A Plasma crossed with
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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RBC
Antibody a
AntigenAntigen
AA
Type A RBC Type B Plasma crossed with
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
YES YES
Agglutination
Hemolysis
NONO
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RBC
AntigenAntigen
AA
Type A RBC Type AB Plasma crossed with
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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RBC
Antibody a
AntigenAntigen
AA
Type A RBC Type O Plasma crossed with
AntibodyAntibody
bb
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
YES YES
Agglutination
Hemolysis
NONO
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Antibody a
RBC
AntigenAntigen
BB
Type B RBC Type B Plasma crossed with
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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Antibody a
RBC
AntigenAntigen
BB
Type B RBC Type A Plasma crossed with
AntibodyAntibody
bb
Compatible
YES YES
Agglutination
Hemolysis
NONO
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Antibody a
RBC
AntigenAntigen
BB
Type B RBC Type AB Plasma crossed with
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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Antibody a
RBC
AntigenAntigen
BB
Type B RBC Type O Plasma crossed with
AntibodyAntibody
bb
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
YES YES
Agglutination
Hemolysis
NONO
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Antigen
B
Antigen
A
RBC
crossed with
AntigenAntigen
AAAntigenAntigen
BB
Type AB RBC Type A Plasma
AntibodyAntibody
bb
Compatible
YES YES
Agglutination
Hemolysis
NONO
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Antigen
B
Antigen
A
RBC
crossed with
AntigenAntigen
AAAntigenAntigen
BB
Type AB RBC Type B Plasma
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
YES YES
Agglutination
Hemolysis
NONO
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Antigen
B
Antigen
A
RBC
crossed with
AntigenAntigen
AAAntigenAntigen
BB
Type AB RBC Type AB Plasma
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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Antigen
B
Antigen
A
RBC
AntigenAntigen
AAAntigenAntigen
BB
Type AB RBC crossed with Type O Plasma
AntibodyAntibody
bb
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
YES YES
Agglutination
Hemolysis
NONO
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Antibody a
Antigen
B
RBC
Type O RBC crossed with Type A Plasma
AntibodyAntibody
bb
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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Antibody a
Antigen
B
RBC
Type O RBC crossed with Type B Plasma
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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Antibody a
Antigen
B
RBC
Type O RBC crossed with Type AB Plasma
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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Antibody a
Antigen
B
RBC
Type O RBC crossed with Type O Plasma
AntibodyAntibody
bb
AntibodyAntibody
aa
Compatible
NO NO
Agglutination
Hemolysis
YESYES
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