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WELCOME
Usharani K PLecturer in Special EducationKVM College of Special Education Cherthala
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What is standardized testing?
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Standardized tests are any tests that are administered and scored in a pre-specified, standard
manner
The same questions and/or tasks are required of each test-takerThe same information is provided to each test-taker immediately before and during the test Each test-taker has the same amount of time allowed to take the testResponses are scored in the same way
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Standardized tests are usually used in large-scale settings in an attempt to assess the performance of students across whole schools, districts, states, and nations
For this reason, standardized tests are often also referred to as large-scale assessments
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In practice, large-scale testing has led to some limitations.
In theory, standardized tests are not limited to any particular assessment approach. They just need to be standard in their approach.
But in practice, standardized tests usually use easy-to-score and easy-to-administer kinds of items, such as multiple choice and short answer. This is because of the large-scale in which they are used and the cost and complication of scoring other more complex forms of student work.
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What is the effect of these limits of large-scale
assessment?
Reliance on multiple-choice items limits the depth at whicha test can probe for students’ understanding and thinking.
This is one reason why standardized test scores should not be the only measure of a student’s knowledge and performance.
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• There are two major types of standardized tests
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Standardized test
Achievement test Aptitude test
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Achievement tests
(designed to measure students’ specific knowledge and skills).
Examples include: California Achievement Tests, Stanford Achievement Tests, Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Metropolitan Achievement Tests.
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• Aptitude tests (designed to predict how well students are likely
to perform in another setting—like college).
Examples include: SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) and ACT.
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• There are two major ways of scoring
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Norm-referenced Test (scoring is based on comparing a student’s score to that of other students)
Criterion-referenced Test (scoring is based on how well the student has mastered the content of the test).
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Intelligence
Intelligence is the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment.
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• First intelligence test was introduced in1905 by Alfred Binet
• The important of IQ was introduced by William Steon in 1912. • IQ= MA X 100 CA
Now varieties of test are available for assessment of intelligence based on IQ
1. Individual/group test2. Verbal/nonverbal/performance3. Speed/power test
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The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
The standford-Binet intelligence test is a standardized test that
assess intelligence and cognitive abilities in children and adults aged
2-23
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of
Intelligence
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) is
an intelligence test designed for children ages 2 years 6 months to 7
years 3 months
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Binet-Kamat Test of Intelligence
Indian adaption by Kamat. This is for 3 years to adult
Malins Intelligence Scale for Indian children
Indian adptation by Malin adapted the original scale of Weschler’s
intelligence scale for childrens. This is for 16b years of age.
Bhatia’s Battery of performance test of intelligence
Indian adaptation Bhatia. It is for the age of 11 years and above
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is a test designed to
measure intelligence in adults and older adolescents
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), developed by David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. The WISC takes 65–80 minutes to administer and generates an IQ score which represents a child's general cognitive ability.
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Aptitude
An aptitude is a combination of characteristics indicative of an individual’s capacity to acquire some specific knowledge, skills or set of organized responses’ such as the ability to speak language, to do mechanical work.
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Aptitude testing
Aptitude tests measures or assess the degree or level of one’s special bent or flair
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• Types of Aptitude testing
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Specialized Aptitude tests
Mechanical
Musical
Professional and Scholastic
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• Mechanical Aptitude tests Mechanical tests is to test sensory and
motor capacities and abilities of an individual in order to assess his chances of success in mechanical pursuits.
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Mechanical Aptitude tests
Minnesota mechanical assembly testMinnesota spatial relations testThe revised Minnesota power form board(1948)Bennet tests of mechanical comprehensionS.R.A. mechanical aptitude testMechanical aptitude test battery by Dr. A.N. Sharma (published by National Psychological Cooperation, Agra)A battery of mechanical aptitude tests (Hindi) prepared by mano-vigyanshala,Allahabad
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Musical Aptitude testsThese tests have been devised for discovering musical talent.
Eg: Seashore measure of musical talent
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Professional Aptitude tests and Scholastic Aptitude tests
Test have been designed for the selection of students for admission to specific courses or professions
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TESTS OF SCHOLOSTIC AND PROFESSIONAL APTITUDES
The American council of education scholastic aptitude test(ACE)Scholastic aptitude test (SAT) developed in U.S.AStandard scientific aptitude test by D.L. ZyveScience aptitude test (after secondary stage) N.I.E. Delhi. Moss scholastic aptitude test for medical students.Tale legal aptitude testPre-engineering ability test (Education Test Service, U.S.A)Minnesota engineering anagogical test
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Teaching aptitude test by Jai Prakash and R.P Shrivastav,university of Sauger (M.P)Teaching Aptitude Test by Moss, F.A & others, George Wasington university pressTeaching aptitude test battery(Hindi) by Dr R.P Singh & S.N Sharma(published by National Psychological Cooperation, Agra)
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GENERAL APTITUDE TESTS
1. The General Aptitude Test Battery(GATB)Developed by the Employment Service Bureau of U.S.AThe GAT has proved to be one of the most successful
multiple aptitude batteries particularly for the purpose of job classification.2. Differential Aptitude Test (DAT)
Developed by U.S psychological corporation, has been adapted in Hindi for use in India by S.M.Ojha
DAT has proved very successful in predicting academic success and has been found specially useful for providing educational and vocational guidance to secondary children
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Comprehensive ability battery-developed by Sheridian psychological service USA
Guilford-Zimmerman aptitude survey
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PERSONALITY
Personality is the sum total of activities that can be discovered by actual observations over a long enough period of time to give reliable information
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Techniques
ObservationSituational testQuestionnairePersonality inventoryRating scaleInterview
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PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES1. The Rorschach Inkblot Test:
Developed by Harmann Roeschach
2. TAT or Thematic Apperception Test
Introduced by Henry Murray to measure the need for achievementFully developed by for the assessment of personality with the help of
the psychologist C.D MorganIt consists of thirty pictures which portray human beings in a variety of
actual life situationCAT –Children’s Apperception Test
Developed by Dr. Leopold Bellak.. Its for children between three and ten years.
4. Word Association Test5. Sentence completion Tests
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Achievement Tests
One frequent use of standardized achievement tests is to identify students who perform below, at the same level,or above their peers. That is, the utility of achievement test results in the screening process is in identifying students who need further assessment.
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Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT)Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (KTEA)Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement (WJ)
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INTEREST
Interest as feeling of liking associated with a reaction either actual or imagined, to a specific thing or situation
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ChecklistVerbalNon-VerbalThe wide range interest opinion testGuest picture interest inventoryReading-Free vocational interest inventory
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ATTITUDE
Attitude denotes the sum total of man’s inclination and feeling, prejudice, pre-conceived notions, ideas, fears, threats, and convictions about any specific objects.
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1. Remmer’s master type testDevelopment generalized scale to measure attitudes
towards any one of class of attitude, objects such- school, subject and vocations
2. Likert type scaleThe statements are tasted that reflect favorable and unfavorable attitude about an object.
3. Teachers attitude test(national psychological corporation agra)The purpose of the scale is to measure the attitude of practicing and prospective teachers towards teaching profession
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Thank you