Present perfect tense&
Present prefect continuous tense
Present perfect tense&
Present prefect continuous tense
Lead-in
Look at the following sentences and try
to explain why the tense is used in these
sentences.
1. We have studied English for about
five years.
2. They have lived there since 1990.
3. She hasn’t finished her homework yet.
4. Eric has just come back.
5. How long have you been here?
1. The form of the present
perfect tense:We form the present perfect tense with
have/has and the past participle of the v
erb.
have (has) + 过去分词
Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.
We use the present perfect tense to talk
about things that happened in the recent
past, but are connected to the present.
Note:
2. The uses of the present perfect tense:
I have not seen Justin since last Friday
night.
We also use the present perfect tense to
talk about something that started in the
past and is still happening now.
Note:
I haven’t seen your for ages.
He has just gone out.
It has been very cold lately.
She has already finished her homework.
He hasn’t seen her since the meeting.
Note: We use the present perfect tense
when the exact time of an action is not
clear or important.
We use it with time expressions such as:
already ever for just lately never
recently since yet
We use already for affirmative
statements,
yet for negative statements.
We use for + a period of time,
since + a point in time.
Note: We use the present perfect tense
to talk about actions that were
completed only a short time ago.
He has just gone out.(= He went out
a few minutes ago.)
I have just heard the news. (= Now I
know the news.)
Note: We can also use the present perfect
tense for repeated actions, that is, we use
the present perfect tense with the time
expressions once/twice/three times…
They say that they have been to America
many times.
Look at the sentences and find the difference:
Tom has rung up three times this morning.
Now it is still in the morning.
Tom rang up three times this
morning.
Now it is not still in the morning.
Actions occurring in an incomplete
period might be indicated by today or
this morning/afternoon/ evening/ week/
month/ year/ century or all
day/night/week, all the time, always etc.
Note:
Point out what tense or tenses are used
in the sentences and the reasons why
they are used.
1. We have studied English for about
five years.
We began to study it five years ago.
2. They moved to the south in 1990
and have lived there since then.
3. Eric left home last year and has just
come back.
4. They bought this house three years ago
and they have lived here since then.
5. My brother went to see my grandpa
last week. He has visited him three
times this month.
1 ‘_____ you _____ my pen?’ ‘Yes, I____
it on your desk just now.’ (see)
2 ‘_____ you ____ dinner?’ ‘Yes, I ____
it with Mary.’ (have)
3 _____the postman_____ yet this
morning?
____ the postman_____ this morning?
(come)
Have
Have had
Did
Have
Complete the sentences.
seen
come
come
had
saw
The present perfect tense is normally
used for an action which lasts
throughout an incomplete period,
but with the past simple tense, we use
time expressions which a fixed point
in the past.
Note:
e.g.
Bill has smoked since he left school.
He still smokes.
Bill smoked for six months.
It means that he stopped
smoking then.
Sometimes, however, The present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of speaking. e.g.It has been very cold lately but it’s just beginning to get warmer. On meeting someone, you may say: I haven’t seen you for ages. (But I see you now.)
Note
NoteThe present perfect tense used for a
past action whose time is not definite
and often has a result in the present.
e.g. Tom has had
a bad car crash.
He’s probably still in hospital now.
Tom had a bad
car crash.
He is probably out of
hospital now.
(2) __________ (3) __________
(4) __________ (5) __________
(6) __________ (7) _________
(8) __________ (9) _________
(10) _________ (11) ________
Answers for the diary:
saw has visited
loves hasn’t visited
has seen has never met
has travelled has found
hasn’t found Has, been
Look at the sentences:
Sorry. Have you
been waiting long?
I have been waiting for an hour.
Past One hour ago Present
waitingarrive
1. The form of the Present perfect continuous tense ：
We form the present perfect continuous
tense with have/has been and the
present participle of the verb.
have (has) +been + doing
2. The uses of the present
perfect continuous tense:
We sometimes use the Present perfect
continuous tense to talk about actions
that started in the past and are still
continuing, or have just finished but are
still connected to the present in some way.
Answers of Dr Frank’s website
(2) ______________ (3) _____________
(4)______________ (5) _____________
(6) ______________
have been talking have been talking
have been studying have seen
have been writing
Present perfect or present perfect
continuous tense?
She is still reading the book.
Li Jia has been reading a
book about Stonehenge.
Li Jia has read a book
about Stonehenge.
She finished reading the book.
She knows the content of the book
now.
Note:
We use the present perfect tense to talk
about an action completed in the recent
past, and the present prefect continuous
tense for an action that started in the
past and is still happening.
I have visited Egypt
twice this month.
I have been touring
Egypt for two months.
Note: The present perfect continuous
tense can’t be used with time expressions
such as twice or how many times, because
in this tense the action is continuous, not
stopped and started again. We can use the
present perfect tense for repeated actions,
and the present perfect continuous
tense for non-stop actions.
How many times have you swum in
the lake?
How long have you been swimming in the lake?
Note: We usually use the present perfect
tense to ask questions beginning with
how many/much, and the present
perfect continuous tense to ask questions
beginning with how long.
A state verb or an action verb?
1. I have had this camera for five years.
2. I have taken photos of UFOs with this
camera.
3. I have been taking photos of UFOs
with this camera.
state verb
action verb
state verb
An action means something happening
or changing. A state means something
staying the same. Some examples of
action verbs are do, go, and play. Some
examples of state verbs are like, know
and exist.
Note: We can use either a state verb or an
action with the present perfect tense, but
we usually can only use an action verb
with the present perfect continuous tense.
A state verb doesn’t mean an action, so it
can’t be used in a continuous tense.
e.g.
They’ve always had a big garden.
How long have you known each other?
He’s been in hospital since his accident.
I’ve already
been to Paris.
I’ve never
visited Paris.
Note:
We use the present perfect tense, not
the present perfect continuous tense,
with the words like always, never, yet,
already and ever.
How long have you
been learning English?
How long have you
learnt English?
It has been
raining for a long
time.
It has rained
for a long time.
Note: An action which began in the past
and is still continuing or has only just
finished can, with certain verbs, be
expressed by either the present perfect
or present perfect continuous. Verbs
which can be used in this way include
expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit,
study, wait, want, snow, etc.
Practice
Make up dialogues with the present
perfect tense and the present
perfect continuous tense.
Answers of part A on page 11:
(1) __________ (2) __________
(3) __________ (4) __________
(5) __________ (6) _________
(7) __________ (8) _________
(9) _________ (10) ________
(11) _________
heard been doing
been researching done
started achieved
read found
started been drawing
been making
1. He has been waiting at a bus stop in a
city.
2. They have been travelling in a UFO.
It looks like a saucer.
Sample answers on page 11 part B
3. They probably have talked to animals
or plants on Earth as well as creatures
on other plants.
4. They have visited Mars, Venus,
Jupiter and some other planets.
高考链接1. — I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow
you. Did you say you want to
return on September 20?
— Sorry, I _________ myself clear.
We want to return on October 20.
(2010 北京 )
A. hadn’t made B. wouldn’t make
C. don’t make D. haven’t made
2. Every year a flood of farmers arrive i
n Shenzhen for the money-making jo
bs they ______ before leaving their ho
metowns.
(2010 福建 )
A. promised B. were promised
C. have promised
D. have been promised
3. Mother wanted to be a good
provider, a role she ________ since
her marriage to Father.
(2010 江西 )
A. shoulders B. shouldered
C. is shouldering
D. has been shouldering
4. The book has been translated into
thirty language since it ________
on the market in 1973.
(2010 重庆 )
A. had come B. has come
C. came D. comes
5. I’m tired out. I _______ all afternoon
and I don’t seem to have finished anyth
ing.
(2010 湖南 )
A. shopped B. have shopped
C. had shopped
D. have been shopping
考点考例1. I haven’t heard anything from him yet.
(P8)
[ 考点 ] 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，句中可以没有具体的时间状语。肯定句中用 already ，否定句和疑问句中用 yet 。
[ 考例 1]
----____ you _____ him around the
museum yet?
----Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have ； shown B. Do ； show
C. Had ； shown D. Did ； show
[ 点拨 ] 此句强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即：是否已经带他参观了博物馆。
[ 考例 2]
We _____ our new neighbors yet, so we
don’t know their names.
A. don’t meet B. won’t meet
C. haven’t met D. hadn’t met
[ 点拨 ] 此句表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响。
2. He has sent me an e-mail, telling me a
bout his travels around the world. (P8)
[ 考点 ] V-ing 短语作后置定语，表示 V-ing 形式和被修饰的名词之间 是主动关系。
[ 考例 1]
Peter received a letter just now _____ his
grandma would come to see him soon.
A. said B. says
C. saying D. to say
[ 点拨 ] saying 修饰 a letter ，相当于 wh
ich said ... 。
[ 考例 2] Don’t respond to any e-mails __
_ personal information, no matter how o
fficial they look.
A. searching B. asking
C. requesting D. questioning
[ 点拨 ] search 和 ask 后面应加介词 for ；request 意为“询问”； question 意为“提问，盘问，审问”。故选 C 。
3. Kelly: Sorry I’m late. Have you been
waiting long?
Mavis: Yes. I’ve been waiting for an
hour. (P9)
[ 考点 ] 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始的动作到现在为止一直在进行，且可能持续下去。有时含有不耐烦、责备等感情色彩。
[ 考例 1] —I have got a headache.—No wonder. You _____ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked[ 点拨 ] 由语境可以看出 work 动作开始于过去，持续到现在，对现在还有影响，且含有责备的口吻，所以用现在完成进行时。
[ 考例 2] Cathy is taking notes of the gram
matical rules in class at Sunshine School,
where she _____ English for a year.
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
[ 点拨 ] 句意：凯茜正在阳光学校的课堂上做语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现在已经一年了。
Homework
1. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in
Workbook.
2. Review Task part.
