Download - Pregled Overview - University of Ljubljana · 2011. 11. 21. · 1 0 5 25 75 95 100 0 5 25 75 95 100 0 5 25 75 100 0 5 25 75 95 100 ... Z laserskim arkom sva preko zrcala simulirala

Pregled / Overview

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

Sardinija_01_AA_cb.prnC:\Sardinija_2003\Knjiga_tisk\Tiskarna\Sardinija_01_AA_cb.cdr22. december 2003 15:25:20

Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profileComposite Default screen

Pregled / Overview

SARDINIJAArhitektura kamna

Univerza v Ljubljani

Fakulteta za arhitekturo

Ljubljana 2003

University of Ljubljana

Faculty of Architecture

Borut JuvanecDomen Zupanèiè

S A R D I N I AArchitecture of Stone

1

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

CIP - Katalo�ni zapis o publikacijiNarodna in univerzitetna knji�nica, Ljubljana

726.6(450.88)72.023:691.2

JUVANEC, BorutSardinija : arhitektura kamna / Borut Juvanec, Domen Zupanèiè.

- Ljubljana : Fakulteta za arhitekturo, 2003

ISBN 961-6160-46-X1. Zupanèiè, Domen126844672p

2

Avtorji slik in risb:

Leto:

Authors of photographs and sketches:

English:

Year:

Angleški jezik:


Borut JuvanecDomen ZupanèièEdo WallnerMaj Juvanec

Ivan Staniè

2003


S A R D I N I AArchitecture of Stone

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

KAZALO / Contents

4

2733

59

1923

434952555658596263

MapMenhir

DolmenTheoryTombs

Sacret Wells

Nuraghi

Stone Shelters

AbstractIndex

Sardinijatamul, Macomer

Sa Coveccadakorbeling

domus de janas, Pottu Codinutomb of giants, S nna E Thomes

Sant

MacomerRomana

Sa Coveccada

’e ’’ Anastasia, Sardara

Santa Cristina, PaulilatinoSantu Antine

Su NuraxiPinetu

3

Karta

Sveti vodnjaki

zatoèišèa

Viri in literatura

MenhirDolmenTeorija

Grobovi

Nuraghi

Kamnita

Sardiniatamul, MacomerSa Coveccadacorbelingdomus de janas, Pottu Codinutomba dei giganti, S nna E ThomesSant

MacomerRomanaSa Coveccada

’e ’’Anastasia, Sardara

Santa Cristina, PaulilatinoSantu AntineSu NuraxiPinetu

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

SardinijaSardinia

Prve in najstarejše arhitekture kar jihpoznamo danes segajo vse došestega tisoèletja pred našimštetjem. Imamo nekaj ostankovbivalne arhitekture, veè pa vemo oarhitekturi za mrtve, za bogove in zakralje. Zakaj je veè slednjih: takomrtvim kakor bogovom in kraljemsmo �e od nekdaj posveèali veèpozornosti kot �ivim, zato so objektigrajeni v kamnu. Izbor materiala jebil postavljen logièno in z zanesljivimuspehom - �ivi smo si hiše iz blata inslame, iz obdelane gline, iz lesa in izmajhnih kamnov obnavljali, mrtvitega niso poèeli. Ne bogovi. Ne kralji.Zato so ti dobili domovanja izobstojnejšega materiala, pa �ekonstrukcija je najbolj varna: izvelikih kamnov.Tako poznamo megalitske in drugestrukture vse od èetrtega tisoèletja,pri tem pa so spomeniki èlovekovemisli in spretnosti, �elja in znanja vobjektih na Sardiniji v zgodoviniarhitekture na pomembnem mestu.Na otoku najdemo obrambneobjekte nuraghe (nuraghe, pluralnuraghi, po nekaterih virih tudi sunuraxi), tombe dei giganti (grobnicevelikanov), menhire (tamule) indolmene, domus de janas (grobnicev kamnu, nekake nekropole),nuragijska naselja pa svetevodnjake.

4

Sredo emsko morjezSredo emsko morjez

0 10 20 30 40 km40 km

Olbia

Nuoro

CagliariIglesias

BaruminiSardara

Mores

Santa Cristina

Baleari

Marseille Corse

Arzachena

Sassari

Dorgali

Alghero

OristanoTirensko morjeTirensko morje

Sa Coveccada

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

GROBOVIDOMUS DE JANAS, Pottu Codinu

V eni izmed grobnic se pojavi strop, ki grozi, da bopadlel, a je prikaz bivališèa za �ive. Konstrukcija jepreprosta in razpoznavna. Preko osnega "trama" jenapeta tkanina. Edino blago, platno se lahko takopovezi. Hipoteza, da so preko trama na zidovepostavljene deske, ne vzdr�i preveritve. Pri deskah bibila taka deformacija (poves) znak dotrajanostimateriala. Bil bi nesmisel, da se pokojnemu izdolbe vkamen grobnica in nadenj postavi trhlo streho, kigrozi da bo padla.

25

Slika 13Tkanina in lesen tram.Fibre and wooden beam.

Tombs, Domus de Janas, Pottu Codinu

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

GROBOVIDOMUS DE JANAS, Pottu Codinu

Slika 14Grobnica.The tomb.

26

Slika 15Prof Juvanec in prof Gabijelèiè.Prof Juvanec and prof Gabrijelèiè.

Slika 16Na koncu je manjša niša.At the end of the tomb is small niche.

Tombs, Domus de Janas, Pottu Codinu

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

Sardinija_AA_barvne_strani.prnC:\Sardinija_2003\Knjiga_tisk\Tiskarna\Sardinija_AA_barvne_strani.cdr22. december 2003 15:14:09


Pregled / Overview

GROBOVITOMBA DEI GIGANTI, S'enna E'Thomes

prostor za darovanje in �alujoèe

stela

hodnik

29

Risba 22Shema postavitve elementov.

Scheme of elements.

Slika 17Delo na terenu, 1996.

Field work, 1996.

Tombs, Tomb of Giants, S'enna E'Thomes

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

POZZO SACRO, Sant Anastasia, Sardara'

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

SVETI VODNJAKI

38

Risba 28Tloris in razmerja.Ground plan and its proportions.

Risba 29Kocka in oblika.Cube and the form of well.

Sacred Well, Sant Anastasia, Sardara'

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview


1

1

1

1

SVETI VODNJAKI

39

Risba 30Kocki zajemata podzemno kompozicijo vonjaka.

Cubes determine underground level of the well.


0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview


Preveritev hipoteze o vpadnem kotu sonca63,5o

Postavljena je bila hipoteza, da potuje sonèni �arekskozi vstopno stopnišèe na gladino vode, se od njeodbije in se prika�e pri luknji nad vodnjakom.Profesor Juvanec je za preveritev teze uporabillaser.

19. septembra 2003 sva (avtorja) na lokacijivodnjaka v Sardari izvedla poskus. Uporabila svalaserski kazalnik, zrcalo in medij (plastificiran pauspapir).

Z laserskim �arkom sva preko zrcala simuliralapotek sonènih �arkov (predvidoma 18.avgusta) in doloèili vpadni kot, ki je znašal 63-64 .Na mesto predvidenega odboja sva namestilazrcalo, kajti v vodnjaku ni vode, saj jo sprotipreèrpavajo. Pri luknji nad vodnjakom sva

Teza o odboju je bila s tem potrjena. V nadaljevanjuraziskave je potrebno še matematièno -astronomsko (empirièno) doloèiti vpadni kot soncain dobljene rezultate dodatno ovrednotiti.

17. aprila in

laserski�arek prestregla z medijem. Poskus je uspel. Namediju se jasno vidi rdeèa pika odbitega laserskega�arka.

o

SVETI VODNJAKI

40

Slika 25Poskus in preveritev hipoteze.Experiment of simulation of the Sun ray.


0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

KAMNITA ZATOÈIŠÈAPINETA, Sa Coveccada

ostrešje

špirovec

letev

suhi zid

prima

rnaob

loga

61

Risba 39Prerez in sestava.

Cross section and elements.

Slika 44Profesor pri delu.Professor at work.

Slika 45Pogled v vrh strehe.

View under the roof top.

Stone Shelters, Pineta, Sa Coveccada

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

62

Abstract

The first and oldest architecture, as we know it, has its' origins in the 6th century BC. There are some remnantsof residential architecture but we know much more about architecture for the Gods, kings and deceased.Why? The reasons are simple. First, death and kings have always been unavoidable and predictable. Second,they used stone. Tombs are built of stone. In day-to-day life wood and mud were used as building material.Tombs however were built to remain eternally. Sardinia's stone is volcanic and very hard to shape. Usuallystones were simply taken as they were in nature and laid in big piles the Nuraghi, which were fortresses withadjacent settlements. In the case of Santa Cristina Casa dei Reunioni, the parliament and sacred well werealso included in the Nuraghi village. Pre-roman culture has not been very well researched, but manyresearchers have nevertheless tried to answer the question, why Nuraghis were built. Throughout the islandlie many Nuraghi and tombs. A hypothesis is that these massive buildings were communication towers withthe top platform being used for burning pyres to warn about ensuing danger. There are two types of tombs inSardinia: domus de janas labyrinth tombs cut out of bedrock, and tombe dei giganti tombs for the giantsmade of a set of dolmens and a big stella. The door on the stella measures 30 x 40 cm! On the island we canalso find interestingly shaped menhirs named tamuls.

Water is a living liquid and has sacred powers. In sacred wells water is given a new role, that of a mirror.Beams of light enter and touch the water surface and are reflected. The miracle happens when light comes outof the Earth, from the hole at the top of the well.

Sardinia abounds with megalithic and other structures. They are the remnants of human spirit, thinking andknowledge.

" "

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

63

VIRI IN LITERATURABenvenuto,E.,1990:La statica delle false volteArch in pietra a secco 193, Fasano, Italia.Contu,E., 1981:L'ARCHITETTURA NURAGICA Ichnussa, Libri Scheiwiller, Milano, Italia.Contu,E.:Pozzi Sacri, ipotesi ricostruttive,SACER, Sassari, Sardinia, Italia.Curl Stevens, J., 1999:Dictionary of Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain.Joussaume,R., 1985:DES DOLMENS POUR LES MORTS, Hachette, Paris, Italia.Joussaume,R., 1981:Le Neolithique de l'Aunis..,Travaux du labor, CNRS, Rennes, France.Juvanec,B., 1997: STONE BY STONE, short version, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, Slovenija.Juvanec,B., 2003: PINETA, Documentation, Ljubljana University, Ljubljana, Slovenija.Juvanec,B., 2003: Vaulting, Facing an Infilling,http://pierreseche.chez.tiscali.fr, Paris, France.Juvanec,B., 2001: Reinventer les abris en pierre, lectu UNESCO/ICOMOS, Canada.Juvanec,B., 2000: Bethlehem to Rome, Lobrano to Juvanec, Universita La Sapienza,Roma, Italia.Juvanec,B., 2001: Irrigation System of Malta, document, Universita ta Malta, Msida, Malta.Juvanec,B., 2002: DRY STONE WALLING: What has been done, Stiftung Umwelt Schweiz, Visp, Swiss.Juvanec,B., 2002: ORDER AND DISORDER, research, AEEA Association Europeen d'Education Arc, Koebenhavn, Danmark.Juvanec,B., 1997: PINETA/ I, research, Ljubljana University, Ljubljana, Slovenija.Juvanec,B., 2003: Europpalainen maaseudun kivirakennusp,http://pakana.50megs.com/nuragh1.htm,Helsinki / SF, Finland.Juvanec,B., 2001: Six Thousand Years of Corbelling, UNESCO/ICOMOS Congress I, Paris, France.Kirova,T. et al, 1985: OLIENA, Territorio Ambiente Architett, Comune di Nuoro, Nuoro, Sardinia, Italia.Langhein,J., 2003: Allgemeine Proportiontheorie, Ordo et Mensura viii, Berlin, Deutschland.Lassure,C., 1999: Projet de restauration par B Juvanec, l'AV 23(CERAV)91-93, Paris, France.Lilliu,G., 1993: SARDINIA OF THE NURAGHI, Ist. geogr. de Agostini, Novara, Sardina, Italia.Lilliu,G., 1975: LA CIVILTA DEI SARDI (NEOL. - NURAGI),RAI, Roma, Italia.Oliver,P. et al, 1997: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF VERNACULAR ARCHIT…,Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, Great Britain.Oliver, P., 2003: Dwellings, Phaidon, London, Great Britain.Parker,M. et al, 1999:ARCHITECTURE & ORDER, Routledge, London, Great Britain.Renfrew,C., 1981:THE MEGALITH MONUMENTS OF W EUROPE,Thames and Hudson, London,Rohlfs,G., 1963: PRIMITIVE COSTRUZIONI A CUPOLA, Olschi Editori, Firenze, Italia.Šprajc,I., 1991: ARHEOASTRONOMIJA, Arheo, Ljubljana, Slovenija.

Montreal,

Great Britain.

Index

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

64



Ljubljana 2003

Univerza v Ljubljani

Fakulteta za arhitekturo

Zoisova 121000 Ljubljana

University of Ljubljana

Faculty of Architecture

SARDINIAArchitecture of Stone

9 7 8 9 6 1 6 1 6 0 4 6 9

ISBN 961- 6160 - 46-X

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100

0

5

25

75

95

100



Pregled / Overview

Naslovnica_AASardinija_Kamen_Arhitektura_2003.pdfNaslovnica_AASardinija_01_AA_cbSardinija_02_AA_cbSardinija_03_AA_cbSardinija_04_AA_cbSardinija_05_AA_cbSardinija_06_AA_cbSardinija_07_AA_cbSardinija_AA_barvne_strani

/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName (http://www.color.org) /PDFXTrapped /Unknown

/Description >>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice

















Download - Pregled Overview - University of Ljubljana · 2011. 11. 21. · 1 0 5 25 75 95 100 0 5 25 75 95 100 0 5 25 75 100 0 5 25 75 95 100 ... Z laserskim arkom sva preko zrcala simulirala

Top Related