Download - Power systems İntroduction
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Power Systems
Fundamentals of;• Power generation,• Transmission lines,• Distribution lines
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Basic operations required for the power systems
Load Flow Fault Studies
Protection Earthing Stability
Insulation coordination Economic dispatch
Power QualityElectromagnetic Compabilty, EMC
Load Forecasting
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Basic Structure of the Electric System
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Generating Stations
Fossil Fuel Hydroelectric Nuclear Geothermal Renewable
Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Wind Bio-gas
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Transmission Lines
High Voltage 69 kV–500 kV Power Capacity 50–1,000 MW Carry power long distances Low energy losses, P=V²/RLarge structures
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Distribution Lines
Primary; 12 – 34 kV AC Secondary: 480 V – 120 V AC Power capacity: 10 – 40 MW Shorter distances, higher losses Smaller overhead structures Underground
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Power Analysis
In AC: 1 phase:
u=Um.cos(wt)i=Imcos(wt-θ)
p=u.i=UmImcos(wt)cos(wt-θ)
(instantaneous value of the power)
In DC:P=U.I
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Power Analysis
p=u.i= Umcos(wt) Imcos(wt-θ)
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Power Analysis
p=u.i=UmImcos(wt)cos(wt-θ)
p=UI cosθ (1+cos(2wt))+UI sinθ sin(2wt)
active component reactive component
P=UI cosθ (active power) {W} Q=UI sinθ (reactive power) {VAr}
Cosθ= (Power factor)
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Power Analysis
S=P+jQ (Complex Power) S²=P²+Q² (Apparent power) {VA}
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Power Analysis
3 phase systems:Up=Ua=Ub=Uc
Ip=Ia=Ib=Ic
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Power Analysis
Y ConnectionIl=Ip
Ul= Up
P=3UpIpcosφQ=3UpIpsin φS=3UpIp
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Power Analysis
Delta ConnectionIp=Il√3 Ul=Up,
P=√3UlIlcosφ
(Generally)Up= 220 V
Ul= 220.√3 = 380 V
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Thank you for listening…
Caner Göksel Sonuzun