Download - Power Generation Overview
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Power Generation OverviewTommy Waggoner
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Generators
Illustration of a real power plant generator. Stator refers to the part that does not move, and rotor refers to the part that is rotated inside the stator. The rotor is a large electromagnet with windings inside to produce a magnetic field. As it rotates inside the stator, induced current is generated at the windings of the stator.
http://www.hk-phy.org/energy/power/act_ac_gen_e.html
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Wind Generation
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Wind Generation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine
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Wind Generation
http://www.siemens.com/press/pool/de/pressebilder/2012/photonews/300dpi/PN201204/PN201204-06e_300dpi.jpg
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Wind Generation
Pros• No air or water pollution• Renewable Resource• “Free” fuel
Cons• Unpredictable output• Most available off-peak• Obstruction of views• Noise• Small capacity (1.5MW)• Kills wildlife (birds, bats,etc.)
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Hydro Generation/Pumped Storage Hydro
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydroelectric_dam.svg
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Hydro Generation
Pros• No air or water pollution• Renewable• “Free” fuel• Benefits of man-made lakes
Cons• Susceptible to drought• Expensive to build• Environmental impact• Burdens of man-made lakes
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Combustion Turbines
GPC’s Plant Robins
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Combustion Turbines
Combustion Turbines primarily burn natural gas but they are flexible and can burn other fuels as well:
• Fuel Oil• Landfill Methane• Gasified Coal (IGCC)
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Gas Fired Combustion Turbine Generation
Pros• Gas is cleanest fossil fuel
– Low NOx, SO2 and CO2
• Relatively low capital cost• Quick start capability
Cons• Non renewable• High operating costs
– Heat Rate ~12000 Btu/kwh
• Fuel Price is very volatile
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Coal Fired Steam Plant
GPC’s Plant Scherer
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Coal Fired Steam Plant
GPC’s Plant Scherer
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Coal Fired Steam Plant
AirHeater
BottomAsh
Flyash
Gypsum
NOXCombustion
Controls
Bagh
ouse
(Hg)
(Act
ivat
ed C
arbo
nIn
ject
ion)
Fuel Changes
NewStack
Coal-Fired Boiler NOx & Hg ControlSCR
SO2 & Hg(acid gases)
ControlScrubber
Dust&Hg Control
ESPACI
Limestone
SNCR
Emission Control Technologies
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Coal Fired Steam Generation
Pros• Typically, coal is a low cost fuel• Plentiful fuel supply• Large capacity• Reliable
Cons• High emissions (Nox, SO2, CO2)• Particulates• Non-renewable• Coal mining issues
– Safety– Environmental impact
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Nuclear Steam Plant
SNC’s Plant Vogtle
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Nuclear Steam Plant
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PWR_nuclear_power_plant_diagram.svg
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR): Vogtle, Farley
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Nuclear Steam Plant
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BWR_nuclear_power_plant_diagram.svg
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR): Hatch
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Nuclear Steam Generation
Pros• No NOx, SO2 or CO2 emissions• Inexpensive fuel costs• Uranium is plentiful
Cons• High capital costs• Safety concerns• Radioactive waste
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Combined Cycle Plant
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Combined Cycle Plant
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Combined Cycle Plant
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Combined Cycle Plant
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Combined Cycle Plant
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Gas Fired Combined Cycle Generation
Pros• Gas is cleanest fossil fuel
– Low NOx, SO2 and CO2
• Comparatively low capital cost• Short startup time• High efficiency
– Heat Rate ~7000 Btu/kwh
Cons• Non renewable fuel• Fuel Price is very volatile
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Q: Which Generation Type is Best?
A: All of the Above
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1/1/
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7/28
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11/5
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5/24
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3/19
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6/27
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$0.00
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$25.00 Comparison of Gas and Coal Volatility at Plant Barry
Barry 1 Coal Barry 6 Gas
Mar
gina
l Fue
l Pric
e ($
/mm
Btu)
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Stack Report
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 500000
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NuclearCoalGasOil
Cumulative MW
Mar
gina
l Cos
t ($/
MW
h)
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Winter
Spring / Fall
Summer
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HydroCombustion Turbines
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Combined Cycles