Transcript
Page 1: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research

Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research

Some suggestionsSome suggestions

Presented by Kate Longley at the Workshop on Defining a Strategic Agricultural Research Agenda on Post-Crisis/Post-Shock Recovery in

Highly Stressed Systems, Nairobi, May 22-23, 2008

Presented by Kate Longley at the Workshop on Defining a Strategic Agricultural Research Agenda on Post-Crisis/Post-Shock Recovery in

Highly Stressed Systems, Nairobi, May 22-23, 2008

Page 2: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Jeffrey Sachs / Millennium Project Paul Collier’s The Bottom Billion Food Security framework Livelihoods framework Innovation Systems approach Disaster Risk Reduction framework Others??

Jeffrey Sachs / Millennium Project Paul Collier’s The Bottom Billion Food Security framework Livelihoods framework Innovation Systems approach Disaster Risk Reduction framework Others??

OverviewOverview

Page 3: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Jeffrey Sachs (1)Jeffrey Sachs (1)

Poverty traps result from combination of 3 factors: High minimum capital threshold Low savings rate High population growth

Africa faces unique structural constraints which can be overcome by targeted investments

Poverty traps result from combination of 3 factors: High minimum capital threshold Low savings rate High population growth

Africa faces unique structural constraints which can be overcome by targeted investments

Page 4: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Jeffrey Sachs (2)Jeffrey Sachs (2)

Countries can end poverty trap through combination of:

Broad-based public investments at scale in health, education, agriculture, infrastructure, and environmental management

Sound policies and governance, incl good economic management

Improved access to international trade No magic bullet – all of the above are

necessary

Countries can end poverty trap through combination of:

Broad-based public investments at scale in health, education, agriculture, infrastructure, and environmental management

Sound policies and governance, incl good economic management

Improved access to international trade No magic bullet – all of the above are

necessary

Page 5: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Jeffrey Sachs (3)Jeffrey Sachs (3)

Issues must be addressed at the appropriate scale – this requires substantial funding

Solutions must be based on the best science – requires open, inclusive and consultative process

Plan of action should be based on specificity of conditions on the ground

Donor investments must be selective according to good governance and economic policies

Issues must be addressed at the appropriate scale – this requires substantial funding

Solutions must be based on the best science – requires open, inclusive and consultative process

Plan of action should be based on specificity of conditions on the ground

Donor investments must be selective according to good governance and economic policies

Page 6: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Paul Collier (1)Paul Collier (1)

The ‘Bottom Billion’ refers to the population of 50 failed states

Their problems defy traditional approaches to poverty alleviation

Traps in which these states are caught: Conflict Natural resources Landlocked with bad neighbours Bad governance in a small country

Globalization merely makes things worse for the bottom billion

The ‘Bottom Billion’ refers to the population of 50 failed states

Their problems defy traditional approaches to poverty alleviation

Traps in which these states are caught: Conflict Natural resources Landlocked with bad neighbours Bad governance in a small country

Globalization merely makes things worse for the bottom billion

Page 7: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Paul Collier (2)Paul Collier (2)

What can be done? Aid Military intervention Laws & charters Trade policy for reversing

marginalisation

What can be done? Aid Military intervention Laws & charters Trade policy for reversing

marginalisation

Page 8: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Food Security frameworkFood Security framework

Parameter Food security

Availability Sufficient quantity of appropriate foods are within reasonable proximity to people

Access People have adequate income or other resources to purchase or barter for appropriate foods

Utilization Food is properly used (food processing, storage, nutrition, child care, health and sanitation practices)

Page 9: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

From food to livelihoodsFrom food to livelihoods

From food security to livelihood security:

Food insecurity no longer seen as a failure of agriculture to produce sufficient food at the national level, but as a failure of livelihoods to guarantee access to sufficient food at the household level

From food security to livelihood security:

Food insecurity no longer seen as a failure of agriculture to produce sufficient food at the national level, but as a failure of livelihoods to guarantee access to sufficient food at the household level

Page 10: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Livelihoods principlesLivelihoods principles

Starts with the actual livelihoods of (poor) people: people-centred

Cross-sectoral, responsive and participatory

Holistic: multiplicity of actors and influences

Dynamic: inherently flexible Multi-level: tries to bridge the gap between

micro and macro Partnership with public and private sectors Sustainable, builds on strengths and

addresses vulnerabilities

Starts with the actual livelihoods of (poor) people: people-centred

Cross-sectoral, responsive and participatory

Holistic: multiplicity of actors and influences

Dynamic: inherently flexible Multi-level: tries to bridge the gap between

micro and macro Partnership with public and private sectors Sustainable, builds on strengths and

addresses vulnerabilities

Page 11: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Livelihoods frameworkLivelihoods framework

Livelihood resources or assets – what people have

Livelihood strategies – what people do Livelihood outcomes – what goals they

are pursuing or the ‘living’ that results from their activities

The context, structures and processes that influence and affect these three elements

Livelihood resources or assets – what people have

Livelihood strategies – what people do Livelihood outcomes – what goals they

are pursuing or the ‘living’ that results from their activities

The context, structures and processes that influence and affect these three elements

Page 12: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Innovation Systems (1)Innovation Systems (1)

Innovation: Change in practices, in the established

way of doing things – technological, organisational, institutional

Process not only of creating knowledge, but making it available and putting it to use

Wider policy and institutional environment shapes process through incentives and norms

Innovation: Change in practices, in the established

way of doing things – technological, organisational, institutional

Process not only of creating knowledge, but making it available and putting it to use

Wider policy and institutional environment shapes process through incentives and norms

Page 13: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Innovation Systems (2)Innovation Systems (2)

An innovation system: a network of all public and private

sector organizations, enterprises, and individuals involved in the process of knowledge creation, dissemination, adoption/adaptation and use, together with the institutions and policies that affect their behaviour and performance.

An innovation system: a network of all public and private

sector organizations, enterprises, and individuals involved in the process of knowledge creation, dissemination, adoption/adaptation and use, together with the institutions and policies that affect their behaviour and performance.

Page 14: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Innovation Systems (3)Innovation Systems (3)

Technologies alone not enough to bring about innovation

Multiple sources of innovation Partnerships are vital for innovation Service delivery systems and capacity

to innovate are critical in defining the innovation process

Roles and interactions of diverse agents => Knowledge exchange, technological and institutional change

Technologies alone not enough to bring about innovation

Multiple sources of innovation Partnerships are vital for innovation Service delivery systems and capacity

to innovate are critical in defining the innovation process

Roles and interactions of diverse agents => Knowledge exchange, technological and institutional change

Page 15: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Disaster Risk ReductionDisaster Risk Reduction

Many UN agencies and NGOs are beginning to use DRR approach to guide both development and humanitarian interventions

More cost-effective to invest in steps to mitigate and prevent effects of disasters, rather than only dealing with the aftermath

Many UN agencies and NGOs are beginning to use DRR approach to guide both development and humanitarian interventions

More cost-effective to invest in steps to mitigate and prevent effects of disasters, rather than only dealing with the aftermath

Page 16: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Disaster Risk ReductionDisaster Risk Reduction

The development and application of policies, strategies and practices to minimise vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout society through mitigation and preparedness

Disaster mitigation: actions taken to minimise the extent of a potential disaster

Disaster preparedness: measures taken to forecast or warn against disasters, and take precautions when they threaten and arrange for appropriate response

The development and application of policies, strategies and practices to minimise vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout society through mitigation and preparedness

Disaster mitigation: actions taken to minimise the extent of a potential disaster

Disaster preparedness: measures taken to forecast or warn against disasters, and take precautions when they threaten and arrange for appropriate response

Page 17: Possible theoretical frameworks for FP4 research: some suggestions

Risk Reduction StrategiesRisk Reduction Strategies

Technologies for food production systems

Support to livelihoods & markets Addressing chronic vulnerability

through social protection Early warning & baseline information Awareness of political context and

governance issues Enhancing the capacity of agencies and

organisations to respond to disaster

Technologies for food production systems

Support to livelihoods & markets Addressing chronic vulnerability

through social protection Early warning & baseline information Awareness of political context and

governance issues Enhancing the capacity of agencies and

organisations to respond to disaster


Top Related