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THE CHANGING NATURE OF UN
PEACEKEEPING: CHANGES ANDCHOICES
Presented By:Brigadier General SALEE A!"ad K!an#a$% 's te
BANGLADESH IN UNPEACEKEEPING
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Issues to discuss
Sovereignty issues UN Mandate
Protection of Civilian (POC) vs Responsibility
to Protect (R2P) Missions overvie
C!allenges in t!e UN "issions
#anglades! in UN Peace$eeping
%ay a!ead
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+!at is t!e "eaning )$
s)*ereignty ,
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Hist)ry
Pea&e )$ A-gs.-rg / 0111
Cuius regio, eius religio
Treaty )$ +est'!alia 2 0345
4
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S)*ereignty C)nstit-ents
Sovereignty
Territory Regime(Authority)
Societal(Population)
* Military * Government * Population
InternationalRecognition
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N)ti)n )$ S)*ereignty as s!ared
res')nsi.ility
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UN Charter
Se&ti)n 6 748All members shall refrainin their internationalrelations from the threats or use of force
against the territorial integrity or political
inepenence of any state! or in any matterinconsistent "ith he purpose of the UN
Se&ti)n 6 798
Nothing containe in the Charter shallauthorise the Unite Nations to intervene inmatters! "hich are essentially "ithin theomestic #urisiction of any state
$
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Ca-se )$ State $ail-re
%conomic uner evelopment
Arti&cial political infrastructure '
structures
ac of emocracy
*alaministration
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Failed states inde6;0 ?@ANFHAF?N- /ooperation in t9e fie&
ren&s in %issionsren&s in %issions
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*raditional
Multidi"ensional
UNMI3
osovo
UN=IC>P
0yprus
UN
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Missions- geograp9yMissions- geograp9y
@eograp9ic c!sters
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Mi&&e East c!ster (148+180)/9apter IF
Fnter+statetrong, for%e& states%a %issions, i%ite& %an&ates
Africa c!ster ' aiti (10 + J)
/9apter IFFFntra+stateragie aie& Nascent states>arge %issions, %!ti&i%ensiona %an&ates
Missions- geograp9yMissions- geograp9y
@eograp9ic c!sters
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UNMI3
osovoUN=IC>P
0yprus
UN
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ec9noogiesec9noogies
KEL AEA ? ??7NFL
Monitoring an& reporting
// // capa"iities (force protection + POC)/iviian %an&ate i%pe%entation!pport services
Environ%ent
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:rones = to$icC ter% (negative connotations)
Me%"er states concernsAssess%ent ongoing in M?N7/?Net9eran&s provi&ing a pacage in MFN7MA
E$a%pe- 7A 7AIC
ec9noogiesec9noogies
F@FN !nit.
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C!allenges to UN Peace$eeping
Creating clear credible and ac!ievable "andates #uilding i"ple"enting and sustaining
international political ill
Peace$eeping doctrine B strategy
,eploy"ent ti"elines
Credible trained "ilitary forces
Policecapabilities
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#
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issi)n
s
Ar"y Na*y Air
F)r&e
P)li&e T)tal
Complet
e
/0567
5
7886 4099 /676/ /75489
,ngoing 5085 49: :07 /$:8 884/
Total ;;-?
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S-&&ess St)rie
Ra'id de'l)y"ent &a'a.ility
Al%ays "aintained de'l)y"ent ti"elineindi&ated .y t!e UN Se&-rity C)-n&ilRes)l-ti)n=
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S-&&ess St)rie
Ra'id de'l)y"ent &a'a.ility
One infantry battalion "as reay "ithin48 hours.
Deploye meical an engineer units iniberia "ithin 7 to 6 "ees. Three Air ;orce helicopters eploye
from 2R Congo to South Suan "ithinshort notice.T"o Police units eploye from 2RCongo to South Suan "ithin $7 hours.
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S-&&ess St)rie
Ra'id de'l)y"ent &a'a.ility
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S-&&ess St)rie
Ra'id de'l)y"ent &a'a.ility
Signe =UN Stanby ArrangementSystem (UNSAS)>. (?ovt approve a ;orceStructure of /7!000 peaceeeperseployment "ith e@uipment)Signing of =Rapi 2eploymentCapability> relate *,U uner process.
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S-&&ess St)rie
At UN Head?-arters
Attene Contingent ,"ne %@uipmentoring ?roups *eetings! "hich eals "ithtechnical issues an reimbursement of thepeaceeeping.. After a long t"o "ees brain storming
session! ue to our tenacity! no"lege aneBperience on peaceeeping! negotiation sillan above all the trust an con&ence ofma#ority member states! issue "as aopte
through consensus.
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S-&&ess St)rie
as@s 'er$)r"ed in dierent "issi)
Derification of ceasefire7 0on$uct election an$ referen$um7 3pecialiEe$ engineering tas#s7
isarmament" $emobiliEation an$reintegration of e,combatants7 1rrangement of surren$ering of militias (it'
(eapons" ammunition" an$ $rugs7 3ecurity an$ 'umanitarian assistance to
IPs an$ refugees7
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S-&&ess St)rie
A&!ie*e"ents in dierent "issi)ns
S'e&ialied r)leSecurity Sector Refor" (training )$ !)st
&)-ntries ar"y# na*al and ')li&e
'ers)nnel8
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S-&&ess St)rieA&!ie*e"ents in dierent "issi)ns
Specialied role of Navy
3urveillance an$ maritime
inter$iction operations
Protection of riverine route
Recovery of sun#en vessel
S'e&ialied r)le )$ Air
F)r&e0134D10 / M44D10
.ransportation of personnel
an$ cargo7
.otal flying 'ours
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A member of
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=T"o ;emale ,nly> units of Policeeploye in -aiti an 2R Congo.
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Gender "ainstrea"ing
issi)n
s
Ar"
y
Na*
y
Air
F)r&e
P)li&
e
T)tal
Complet
e
/4: 6 78 506 >>B
,ngoing 70 8 /90 -;?
Total /5: 6 65 $96 BB>
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S-&&ess St)rie
Pr)te&ti)n )$ Ci*ilians 7POC8 and
H-"anitarian Assistan&eProactive to aress possible clash ansituation.Robust patrolling sho"ing strongpresence.%ngagement "ith ey leaers.
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S-&&ess St)rie
Pr)te&ti)n )$ Ci*ilians 7POC8 andH-"anitarian Assistan&e
Through evelopment "ors as part ofCivilE*ilitary Coorination an communityoutreach programs! mostly through o"neBpense.C)-ntries De*el)'"ent +)r@sUnderta@en
Sierra eone!
iberia
Focational Training
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S-&&ess St)rie
Pr)te&ti)n )$ Ci*ilians 7POC8 andH-"anitarian Assistan&eCountries Salient ?u"anitarian
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Countries Salient ?u"anitarian
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.'roug' initiative of %angla$es' 1rmy" %R10 got its
footprint in 3out' 3u$an -AA>H71 goo$ number of pro!ects in 'ealt'" e$ucation an$
agriculture sectors (ere !ointly un$erta#en by%angla$es' 1rmy units an$ %R107.'us sustainment an$ local o(ners'ip of t'e pro!ects
'ave been ensure$ in absence of peace#eepers7
%R10 no( runs -AA primary sc'ools" a goo$ numberof 'ealt' facilities" etc7
S-&&ess S ) e
Military /NO Cooperation
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?ostile and Dolatile .nviron"ent
Pioneer blue 'elmets in t'e trouble prone conflict
Eones in 4astern 0ongo" 3ierra Leone" Liberia"0ambo$ia" an$ Mali7 Recent inci$ents in Mali" 01RH
1cting against rebels" militias (it' $ifferent culture
an$ religion , t'roug' our professionalism" training an$eperience" (e step into suc' conflict areas an$ came
out successful in ac'ieving 65 man$ate7
Operating under !ig! ris$ environ"ent
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?ealt! ?aard
3ome countries $o not participate $ue to 'ealt'
'aEar$ in t'e mission area7Malaria" 4%+L1"river blin$ness" $ea$ly lassa fever"
etc are or$er of t'e $ay in 1frica7+ur peace#eepers $o ta#e etra 'ealt' care ta#ing
life ris#71ssist 'ost governments as (ell as 2+ an$
65I04F to support local population in t'e 'ealt'
sector7
Operating under !ig! ris$ environ"ent
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#, as a $ey actor E
#, is a tactical level player ;
#, is considered a $ey player due to Fuantity as
ell Fuality
aps in operational and strategic level in ter"s of
coordination and persuasion but decision "a$ingta$es less ti"e
=ollo up sustain"ent is an issue
,iplo"atic vs "ilitary lines of op
C01 (diplo"ats) vs 1t!co""ittee (diplo"ats) vs CO.%or$ing group ("ilitary and police) vs Gt!co""ittee
(diplo"at)
#, as a $ey actor E
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#, as a $ey actor E
Doice of #, !as to be !eard in different foru" H
e@pertise participation
Can e really bargain or !appy it! !atever e
get E
?o "uc! peace$eeping8 is used as a diplo"atictool and !o is "ilitary ta$en onboard in t!is
aspect; PM#N> J,< a "ilitaryJ
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#, as a $ey actor E
.@perience of peace$eeping J are e trying to
utilie;%!at !appens after "ilitary co"es bac$s fro"
"ission;
Sout! Sudan H recognition too$ ti"e
Military as deployed for 6 years J t!ereafter
t!an$sJ
Sierra 9eone :: Peace building J is t!ere any
role; %!o s!ould play t!e role;9iberia is draing don J are e giving focus;
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.ransition from .ra$itional peace#eepingto Robust
peace#eepingPeace#eepers are facing1symmetric t'reat
Peace#eeping 'as become more competitive75e( countries are emerging7Manpo(er is being re$uce$ giving importance to use
of tec'nology7 Me$ic cum river cum 0ler#H4uipment li#e 6narme$ 1erial 3ystem" 3IGI5." etc
nee$s to be in t'e inventory7
+ay $)r%ar
T!e C!anging Nat-re )$ UN
Pea&e@ee'ing
+ay $)r%ar
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Coordinated and Integrated
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Utiliing .@perience of Peace$eeping
+ur -@ years of eperience nee$ to be value$7.o loo# for capacity buil$ing of rising troop an$ police
contributing countries7%ilateral agreements for military training cooperation"
business opportunity in t'e mission areas" peace,buil$ing initiatives" etc75ee$ to closely (or# (it' 16" 13415" an$ ot'er
similar entities to get more $ivi$en$7
y
%ay =orard to =ace C!allenges of t!e 2/st
Century and 1t! eneration Peace$eeping
%ay forard
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%ay forard
Coordination "ec!anis"
#IPSO* as a national instituteCapacity building of ne *CCs (e:g: Indonesia)
#ilateral agree"ent beteen "ilitaries li$e 3uait (#,
participation in 3uait as an initiative of a diplo"at)
.ffective engage"ent it!
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T!an@s $)r @ind attenti)n
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